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Cureus Oct 2022Dependency on digital devices resulting in an ever-increasing daily screen time has subsequently also been the cause of several adverse effects on physical and mental or... (Review)
Review
Dependency on digital devices resulting in an ever-increasing daily screen time has subsequently also been the cause of several adverse effects on physical and mental or psychological health. Constant exposure to devices like smartphones, personal computers, and television can severely affect mental health- increase stress and anxiety, for example, and cause various sleep issues in both children as well as adults. Risk factors for obesity and cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension, poor regulation of stress, low HDL cholesterol, and insulin resistance are among the physical health repercussions we see. The psychological health effects comprise suicidal tendencies and symptoms of depression which are associated with digital device dependency, screen-time-induced poor sleep quality, and content-influenced negativity. Oftentimes it can cause the induction of a state of hyper-arousal, increase stress hormones, desynchronize the body clock or the circadian cycle, alter brain chemistry and create a drag on mental energy and development. With a focus on brain development in children and detrimental effects in both adults and children, this research article goes on to explore the various aspects of screen addiction and excessive screen exposure.
PubMed: 36381869
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30051 -
Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria Jul 2020Emotional dependency in a partner implies an excessive permanent affectional bonding to the other individual that is dysfunctional, associated with low self-esteem and...
INTRODUCTION
Emotional dependency in a partner implies an excessive permanent affectional bonding to the other individual that is dysfunctional, associated with low self-esteem and conceals a lack of affection. Emotional dependency generates a series of negative emotional consequences: symptoms of anxiety and depression, obsessive thoughts, sleep disorders and abandonment of social relations and leisure. In recent decades several tools have been developed to measure emotional dependency, but they are more focused on measuring dependent personality disorder, centered on an exclusively young population or are not validated in the Spanish population. The aim of this research is to design and validate a new scale to overcome these limitations.
METHOD
The sample population included 166 adults (53 men and 113 women) from the general population, to whom a new scale was applied (partner’s emotional dependency scale, SED), as well as the CDE (Emotional Dependency Questionnaire).
RESULTS
The scale has a unidimensional structure, showing good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .90) and a high convergent validity with the CDE (r = .86). There is no difference between men and women with regarding emotional dependency. Some cut-off points have been established based on the degree of emotional dependency (low, moderate, high and extreme).
CONCLUSIONS
The SED is a brief assessment tool, simple to conduct and allows the degree of emotional dependency to be assessed unidimensionally with regard to a stable intimate relationship (current or past) in a normative population.
Topics: Adult; Dependency, Psychological; Emotions; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Sexual Partners; Young Adult
PubMed: 32920779
DOI: No ID Found -
Revue Medicale de Liege 2013Affective dependency is characterized by emotional distress (insecure attachment) and dependency to another person with a low self-esteem and reassurance need. The paper...
Affective dependency is characterized by emotional distress (insecure attachment) and dependency to another person with a low self-esteem and reassurance need. The paper proposes a reflection on the definition of emotional dependency and the confusion caused by various denominations. Overprotective and authoritarian parenting, cultural and socio-environmental factors may contribute to the development of dependent personality. Psychological epigenetic factors, such as early socio-emotional trauma could
> on neuronal circuits in prefronto-limbic regions that are essential for emotional behaviour.We also focus on the interrelations between dependent personality, domestic violence and addictions. The objective for the clinician is to propose a restoration of self-esteem and therapeutic strategies focused on autonomy. Topics: Dependent Personality Disorder; Domestic Violence; Humans; Object Attachment; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 23888587
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Jun 2022Evolution in technology is drastically becoming automatic and making life easier. Among those technologies, smartphones are fast-changing technology that is equipping... (Review)
Review
Evolution in technology is drastically becoming automatic and making life easier. Among those technologies, smartphones are fast-changing technology that is equipping humans to work from anywhere. Frequent usage and dependency on smartphones have increased, which in turn contributes to changes in psychosocial behavioral aspects. Addiction plays an important role in modifying the healthy habits of individuals. Problematic usage of smartphones affects both physical and psychosocial health and emerges as a cornerstone of psychosocial disorder. However, there is a dearth of data to understand the core concepts of smartphone addiction and there is a need to understand from the broader perspective. Yoga is considered one of the viable protocols to provide the way for digital detoxification from technology and smartphone addiction by promoting self-regulation. Yoga brings back a healthy living style, which allows individuals to have enough physical activity through asanas, emotional stability, and awareness through meditation and breathing practices. We hypothesize that a holistic approach to yoga can regulate the symptoms associated with smartphone addiction by increasing the stability of the body and mind and promoting emotional detachment and self-regulation, which play an important role in the de-addiction process.
PubMed: 36119290
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1765_21 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022This study aimed to identify the level of mothers' smartphone dependency and determine its correlation with preschoolers' problem behavior and emotional intelligence....
This study aimed to identify the level of mothers' smartphone dependency and determine its correlation with preschoolers' problem behavior and emotional intelligence. From 1 November to 30 December 2020, 141 mothers of preschool children (aged three to six years) were recruited to complete questionnaires that assessed their smartphone dependency and their child's problem behavior and emotional intelligence. The result revealed that the younger the mother and the higher the perception of boredom in daily living, the higher was the level of her smartphone dependency. Maternal smartphone dependency was also significantly correlated with the aggression, oppositional, and emotional instability subscales of the tool assessing children's problem behavior. To prevent problem behaviors among preschoolers, strategies to reduce mothers' smartphone dependency are needed.
PubMed: 35206800
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020185 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Apr 2020Neuroticism is one of the major traits describing human personality, and a predictor of mental and physical disorders with profound public health significance....
Neuroticism is one of the major traits describing human personality, and a predictor of mental and physical disorders with profound public health significance. Individual differences in emotional variability are thought to reflect the core of neuroticism. However, the empirical relation between emotional variability and neuroticism may be partially the result of a measurement artifact reflecting neuroticism's relation with higher mean levels-rather than greater variability-of negative emotion. When emotional intensity is measured using bounded scales, there is a dependency between variability and mean levels: at low (or high) intensity, it is impossible to demonstrate high variability. As neuroticism is positively associated with mean levels of negative emotion, this may account for the relation between neuroticism and emotional variability. In a metaanalysis of 11 studies ( = 1,205 participants; 83,411 observations), we tested whether the association between neuroticism and negative emotional variability was clouded by a dependency between variability and the mean. We found a medium-sized positive association between neuroticism and negative emotional variability, but, when using a relative variability index to correct for mean negative emotion, this association disappeared. This indicated that neuroticism was associated with experiencing more intense, but not more variable, negative emotions. Our findings call into question theory, measurement scales, and data suggesting that emotional variability is central to neuroticism. In doing so, they provide a revisionary perspective for understanding how this individual difference may predispose to mental and physical disorders.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Anxiety Disorders; Emotions; Female; Humans; Individuality; Male; Neuroticism; Personality
PubMed: 32295883
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919934117 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021Emotional dependency in couples involves excessive and dysfunctional emotional bonding.
BACKGROUND
Emotional dependency in couples involves excessive and dysfunctional emotional bonding.
AIMS
This work aimed to determine the relationship between violence, jealousy, and ambivalent sexism according to emotional dependence in adolescent student couples.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study. A total of 234 Spanish adolescents (69.7% female, = 16.77, = 1.11) participated in the study. Participants completed an ad hoc interview and several validated tests (Partner's Emotional Dependency Scale, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, the Jealousy subscale of the Love Addiction Scale, the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationship Inventory).
RESULTS
Of the sample, 40.6% indicated high emotional dependence and 14.5% extreme emotional dependence. Differences were observed according to gender ( = 3.92, < 0.001), with adolescent boys scoring higher than adolescent girls. Extremely emotionally dependent participants showed differences in both violence (sexual, relational, verbal, and physical) and ambivalent sexism (hostile, benevolent) and jealousy scores. Generating a predictive model of emotional dependence, with the variable jealousy and ambivalent sexism as predictor variables, it was found that jealousy has the greatest predictive and major explanatory capacity ( = 0.297); with an = 0.334. However, the contribution of the ASI-Hostile subscale was not significant when the ASI-Benevolent subscale was introduced into the model. Further, in a second model where the scores on jealousy and the couple conflict inventory's subscales were considered as predictors, are again jealousy makes the greatest predictive contribution and shows the greatest explanatory capacity ( = 0.296). It was found that the contribution is significant only for the predictive capacity of Sexual Violence and Relational Violence. In this sense, the educational context is one of the propitious places to detect and correct behaviors that may be indicative of potentially unbalanced and unbalancing relationships for adolescents.
PubMed: 34828706
DOI: 10.3390/children8110993 -
Nursing Philosophy : An International... Apr 2021Dependency is fundamental to caring relationships. However, given that dependency implies asymmetry, it also brings moral problems for nursing. In nursing theory and...
Dependency is fundamental to caring relationships. However, given that dependency implies asymmetry, it also brings moral problems for nursing. In nursing theory and theories of care, dependency tends to be framed as a problem of self-determination-a tendency that is mirrored in contemporary policy and practice. This paper argues that this problem frame is too narrow. The aim of the paper is to articulate additional theoretical 'problem frames' for dependency and to increase our understanding of how dependency can be navigated in practices of long-term care. It does so by way of an empirical ethical analysis of how care professionals tackle the problem of dependency in group homes for people with intellectual disabilities. The paper refers to these practices of mitigating the problem of dependency as 'dependency work', a phrase borrowed from Eva Kittay. The analysis of dependency work suggests that for care professionals, dependency is a threefold problem: one of self-determination, one of parity and one of self-worth. These findings suggest that patient autonomy cannot be a full solution to the problem of dependency in long-term care relations. But they also show that dependency as such is not a problem that can be solved, as attempts to mitigate it only serve to tighten the dependency relationship further. This is the paradox of dependency work.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Dependency, Psychological; Humans; Nurse-Patient Relations; Nursing Theory
PubMed: 32935457
DOI: 10.1111/nup.12327 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Sep 2021Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD), defined in 2017, is a vestibular disorder characterized by chronic dizziness that is exacerbated by upright posture and... (Review)
Review
Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD), defined in 2017, is a vestibular disorder characterized by chronic dizziness that is exacerbated by upright posture and exposure to complex visual stimuli. This review focused on recent neuroimaging studies that explored the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PPPD and three conditions that predated it. The emerging picture is that local activity and functional connectivity in multimodal vestibular cortical areas are decreased in PPPD, which is potentially related to structural abnormalities (e.g., reductions in cortical folding and grey-matter volume). Additionally, connectivity between the prefrontal cortex, which regulates attentional and emotional responses, and primary visual and motor regions appears to be increased in PPPD. These results complement physiological and psychological data identifying hypervigilant postural control and visual dependence in patients with PPPD, supporting the hypothesis that PPPD arises from shifts in interactions among visuo-vestibular, sensorimotor, and emotional networks that overweigh visual over vestibular inputs and increase the effects of anxiety-related mechanisms on locomotor control and spatial orientation.
PubMed: 34575385
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184274