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Journal of Investigative Medicine High... 2015Introduction. In December 2014, the Food and Drug Administration issued a recall of all Wallcur simulation products due to reports of their use in clinical practice. We...
Introduction. In December 2014, the Food and Drug Administration issued a recall of all Wallcur simulation products due to reports of their use in clinical practice. We present a case of septic shock and multiorgan failure after the accidental intravenous infusion of a nonsterile Wallcur simulation product. Case. The patient presented with symptoms of rigors and dyspnea occurring immediately after infusion of Wallcur Practi-0.9% saline. Initial laboratory evidence was consistent with severe septic shock and multiorgan dysfunction. His initial lactic acid level was 9 mmol/L (reference range = 0.5-2.2), and he had evidence of acute kidney injury and markers of disseminated intravascular coagulation. All 4 blood culture bottles isolated multidrug-resistant Empedobacter brevis. The patient recovered from his illness and was discharged with ciprofloxacin therapy per susceptibilities. Discussion. This patient represents the first described case of severe septic shock associated with the infusion of a Wallcur simulation product. Intravenous inoculation of a nonsterile fluid is rare and exposes the patient to unusual environmental organisms, toxins, or unsafe fluid characteristics such as tonicity. During course of treatment, we identified the possible culprit to be a multidrug-resistant isolate of Empedobacter brevis. We also discuss the systemic failures that led to this outbreak.
PubMed: 26668812
DOI: 10.1177/2324709615618980 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Rapeseed cake is a by-product of rapeseed oil separation. The nutritional components of rapeseed cake mainly include a variety of carbohydrates, proteins, and minerals....
Rapeseed cake is a by-product of rapeseed oil separation. The nutritional components of rapeseed cake mainly include a variety of carbohydrates, proteins, and minerals. In order to improve the conversion rate of rapeseed cake, we studied the physicochemical properties, the structure of microbial communities, and the composition of metabolites in rapeseed cake after enzymatic fermentation. The results showed that the addition of enzymatic preparation increased microbial diversity. The relative abundance of , , , , , and in enzymatic fermentation was significantly higher than that in natural fermentation. Unlike natural fermentation, microbial diversity during enzymatic fermentation is specific, which improves the efficiency of fermentation. Otherwise, enzymatic fermentation promotes the conversion of macromolecular substances in rapeseed cake, which increases small metabolites, such as fatty acids, organic acids, amino acids and their derivatives. The metabolite enrichment pathway is mostly concentrated in sugar metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. In conclusion, after adding enzymatic preparation, enzymes and microorganisms jointly promote the transformation of macromolecules during the fermentation of rapeseed cake, which laid a good foundation for further utilization of rapeseed cake.
PubMed: 36185678
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.989410 -
PeerJ 2022Mulberry flavonoids can modulate the composition of rumen microbiota in ruminants to improve nutrient digestibility, owing to their strong biological activities. This...
Mulberry flavonoids can modulate the composition of rumen microbiota in ruminants to improve nutrient digestibility, owing to their strong biological activities. This study aimed to explore the effect of mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLF) on rumen bacteria, fermentation kinetics, and metagenomic functional profile in water buffalo. Forty buffaloes (4 ± 1 lactations) with almost same body weight (av. 600 ± 50 Kg) and days in milk (90 ± 20 d) were randomly allocated to four treatments having different levels of MLF: 0 g/d (control), 15 g/d (MLF15), 30 g/d (MLF30), and 45 g/d (MLF45) supplemented in a basal diet. After 35 days of supplementation, rumen contents were collected to determine rumen fermentation parameters. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to elucidate rumen bacteria composition. The obtained taxonomic data were analyzed to explore the rumen bacteriome and predict the associated gene functions and metabolic pathways. Results demonstrated a linear increase ( < 0.01) in rumen acetate, propionate, and total VFAs in the MLF45 group as compared to control. No effect of treatment was observed on rumen pH and butyrate contents. Acetate to propionate ratio in the MLF45 group linearly and quadratically decreased ( = 0.001) as compared to MLF15 and control groups. Similarly, MLF45 linearly increased ( < 0.05) the microbial protein (MCP) and NH-N as compared to other treatments. Treatment adversely affected ( < 0.01) almost all alpha diversity parameters of rumen bacteria except Simpson index. MLF promoted the abundance of Proteobacteria while reducing the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Patescibacteria. The MLF supplementation tended to substantially reduce (0.05 < < 0.1) the abundance of Actinobacteria, and Patescibacteria while completely eliminating Acidobacteria ( = 0.029, Chloroflexi = 0.059, and Gemmatimonadetes ( = 0.03) indicating the negative effect of flavonoids on the growth of these bacteria. However, MLF45 tended to substantially increase ( = 0.07) the abundance (~21.5%) of . The MLF treatment exhibited negative effect on five genera by significantly reducing (Sphingomonas) or eliminating (Arthobactor, unclassified_c__Actinobacteria, norank_c__Subgroup_6, norank_o__Saccharimonadales, and Nocardioides) them from the rumen microbiota. Pearson correlation analysis revealed 3, 5 and 23 positive correlations of rumen bacteria with milk yield, rumen fermentation and serum antioxidant parameters, respectively. A positive correlation of MCP was observed with three bacterial genera (Acetobacter, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella). The relative abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrio and Empedobacter also showed a positive correlation with the ruminal acetate and propionate. The present study indicated 45 g/d as an appropriate dose of MLF which modulated rumen bacteria and its functional profile in water buffalo.
Topics: Animals; Female; Acetates; Bacteria; Buffaloes; Fermentation; Morus; Propionates; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rumen
PubMed: 36536626
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14309 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2020Tigecycline is one of the last-resort antibiotics to treat severe infections. Recently, tigecycline resistance has sporadically emerged with an increasing trend, and...
Tigecycline is one of the last-resort antibiotics to treat severe infections. Recently, tigecycline resistance has sporadically emerged with an increasing trend, and Tet(X) family represents a new resistance mechanism of tigecycline. In this study, a novel chromosome-encoded tigecycline resistance gene, (X14), was identified in a tigecycline-resistant and colistin-resistant strain ES183 recovered from a pig fecal sample in China. Tet(X14) shows 67.14-96.39% sequence identity to the other variants [Tet(X) to Tet(X13)]. Overexpression of Tet(X14) in confers 16-fold increase in tigecycline MIC (from 0.125 to 2 mg/L), which is lower than that of Tet(X3), Tet(X4) and Tet(X6). Structural modelling predicted that Tet(X14) shared a high homology with the other 12 variants with RMSD value from 0.003 to 0.055, and Tet(X14) can interact with tetracyclines by a similar pattern as the other Tet(X)s. (X14) and two copies of (X2) were identified on a genome island with abnormal GC content carried by the chromosome of ES183, and no mobile genetic elements were found surrounding, suggesting that (X14) might be heterologously obtained by ES183 via recombination. Blasting in Genbank revealed that Tet(X14) was exclusively detected on the chromosome of , mainly encoded on antimicrobial resistance islands. and belong to the family , suggesting that the members of maybe the major reservoir of (X14). Our study reports a novel chromosome-encoded tigecycline resistance gene (X14). The expanded members of Tet(X) family warrants the potential large-scale dissemination and the necessity of continuous surveillance for (X)-mediated tigecycline resistance.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Feces; Flavobacteriaceae; Genome, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tetracycline Resistance; Tigecycline
PubMed: 32731802
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1803769 -
Infection, Genetics and Evolution :... Mar 2022Empedobacter falsenii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that has been occasionally implicated in various human infections. In this study, we described the genomic...
Empedobacter falsenii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that has been occasionally implicated in various human infections. In this study, we described the genomic features of a multidrug resistant E. falsenii Q1655 obtained from a patient attending a public hospital in Sokoto, northwest Nigeria. The isolate, E. falsenii Q1655, was isolated from the stool sample of a patient in Sokoto, Nigeria. The identity of the isolate was confirmed by MALDITOF-MS. The disc diffusion test and modified Carba-NP test were used for phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility test and carbapenemase enzyme production test, respectively. The whole genome of the strain was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq technique. Resistome analysis was done by annotation of the WGS against the ARG-ANNOT database. The isolate was resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics with the exception of cefepime. The MICs of imipenem and ertapenem as determined by E-test were 12 μg/ml and 2 μg/ml, respectively. Modified Carba NP test showed that the strain was carbapenemase producing. Resistome analysis revealed the presence of a novel metallo-β-lactamase, a chromosomal bla, which exhibited 94.92% and 97.02% nucleotide and protein sequence identities respectively with bla gene of E. falsenii 174,820. Seven and eight amino-acid substitutions were observed with the bla and bla, respectively. We reported the first isolation and genomic description of an extensively drug resistant isolate of Empedobacter falsenii in Nigeria. This report broadens our knowledge of carbapenem resistance in E. falsenii and it will serve as a useful guide in the development of antibiotic use policy.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ertapenem; Flavobacteriaceae; Genome, Bacterial; Imipenem; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 35121093
DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105234 -
Case Reports in Pediatrics 2016Empedobacter brevis is gram-negative bacilli that belongs to Flavobacteriaceae family. It was previously known with name of Flavobacterium breve. The reservoir of these...
Empedobacter brevis is gram-negative bacilli that belongs to Flavobacteriaceae family. It was previously known with name of Flavobacterium breve. The reservoir of these bacteria is soil, plants, water, food, hospital water sources, including incubators, sinks, faucets, tap water, hemodialysis systems, saline solutions, and other pharmaceutical solutions. We report a case of term female newborn, admitted with complaint of respiratory distress developing soon after birth and developed clinical features of sepsis at age of 92 hours of postnatal life. The sepsis screen was positive and blood culture and cerebrospinal fluid showed growth of Empedobacter brevis that was resistant to multiple antibiotics. The neonate was treated with appropriate antibiotics and was discharged successfully. The novelty of the case report is that this is the first case report of neonatal sepsis caused by Empedobacter brevis.
PubMed: 27648334
DOI: 10.1155/2016/7609602 -
IDCases 2023, formerly known as Wautersiella falsenii, was first described in 2006. It is a non-motile, non-fermenting, gram-negative rod, which grows aerobically. A handful of case...
, formerly known as Wautersiella falsenii, was first described in 2006. It is a non-motile, non-fermenting, gram-negative rod, which grows aerobically. A handful of case reports have described its isolation from respiratory, urinary and abscess samples. Besides clinical specimens, it has also been isolated from metalworking fluids and aerosols, carpet surfaces and polluted soils. However, to our knowledge, this is the first case report that describes bacteremia from . We present a 56-year-old male with liver cirrhosis, congestive heart failure and substance abuse disorder, who was admitted in a community hospital in the Bronx, New York for bacteremia of the said organism. This bacterium may serve as a reservoir for resistance genes, such as ERB, tetX and aadS, posing dangers to immunocompromised or hospitalized patients, highlighting the need to study this organism further.
PubMed: 37645528
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01814 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Dec 2013The taxonomic classification of 182 phenotypically similar isolates was evaluated using DNA-DNA hybridization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. These bacterial...
DNA-DNA hybridization study of strains of Chryseobacterium, Elizabethkingia and Empedobacter and of other usually indole-producing non-fermenters of CDC groups IIc, IIe, IIh and IIi, mostly from human clinical sources, and proposals of Chryseobacterium bernardetii sp. nov., Chryseobacterium carnis...
The taxonomic classification of 182 phenotypically similar isolates was evaluated using DNA-DNA hybridization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. These bacterial isolates were mainly derived from clinical sources; all were Gram-negative non-fermenters and most were indole-producing. Phenotypically, they resembled species from the genera Chryseobacterium, Elizabethkingia or Empedobacter or belonged to CDC groups IIc, IIe, IIh and IIi. Based on these analyses, four novel species are described: Chryseobacterium bernardetii sp. nov. (type strain NCTC 13530(T) = CCUG 60564(T) = CDC G229(T)), Chryseobacterium carnis sp. nov. (type strain NCTC 13525(T) = CCUG 60559(T) = CDC G81(T)), Chryseobacterium lactis sp. nov. (type strain NCTC 11390(T) = CCUG 60566(T) = CDC KC1864(T)) and Chryseobacterium nakagawai sp. nov. (type strain NCTC 13529(T) = CCUG 60563(T) = CDC G41(T)). The new combination Chryseobacterium taklimakanense comb. nov. (type strain NCTC 13490(T) = X-65(T) = CCTCC AB 208154(T) = NRRL B-51322(T)) is also proposed to accommodate the reclassified Planobacterium taklimakanense.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Chryseobacterium; DNA, Bacterial; Flavobacteriaceae; Humans; Indoles; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 23934253
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.054353-0 -
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and... 2011The gene encoding α-amino acid ester acyl transferase (AET), the enzyme that catalyzes the peptide-forming reaction from amino acid methyl esters and amino acids, was...
The gene encoding α-amino acid ester acyl transferase (AET), the enzyme that catalyzes the peptide-forming reaction from amino acid methyl esters and amino acids, was cloned from Empedobacter brevis ATCC14234 and Sphingobacterium siyangensis AJ2458 and expressed in Escherichia coli. This is the first report on the aet gene. It encodes a polypeptide composed of 616 (ATCC14234) and 619 (AJ2458) amino acids residues. The V(max) values of these recombinant enzymes during the catalysis of L-alanyl-L-glutamine formation from L-alanine methylester and L-glutamine were 1,010 U/mg (ATCC14234) and 1,154 U/mg (AJ2458). An amino acid sequence similarity search revealed 35% (ATCC14234) and 36% (AJ2458) identity with an α-amino acid ester hydrolase from Acetobacter pasteurianus, which contains an active-site serine in the consensus serine enzyme motif, GxSYxG. In the deduced amino acid sequences of AET from both bacteria, the GxSYxG motif was conserved, suggesting that AET is a serine enzyme.
Topics: Acyltransferases; Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Flavobacterium; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sphingobacterium
PubMed: 22056425
DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110181 -
BioMed Research International 2022Effluents discharged by poultry meat industries are heavily polluted with raw materials, such as fat, blood residues, and proteins. Thus, untreated effluents directly...
Assessment of Bacterial Diversity of Industrial Poultry Wastewater by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and the Cultivation Method in Order to Inform Its Reuse in Agriculture.
Effluents discharged by poultry meat industries are heavily polluted with raw materials, such as fat, blood residues, and proteins. Thus, untreated effluents directly discharged into the environment may constitute a public health threat. This study aims to evaluate the bacterial diversity of three water qualities: industrial poultry wastewater (PWW), tap water (TW), and PWW diluted with TW (50 : 50) (V/V) (TWPWW) by the combination of culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches. The total bacterial DNA was extracted using phenol/chloroform method. The hypervariable 16S rRNA region V3-V5 was amplified by PCR using universal primers. The amplicons were separated by vertical electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel of increasing denaturing gradient according to their richness in GC bases. Selected bands were reamplified and sequenced. Pure isolated bacteria from nutrient agar medium were characterized according to their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Genomic DNA from pure strains was extracted by boiling method, and a molecular amplification of the 16S-23S ITS region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using the universal primers. Selected isolates were identified by sequencing. Results showed a high bacterial load and diversity in PWW in comparison with TW and TWPWW. A collection of 44 strains was obtained, and 25 of them were identified by sequencing. represented 76% of isolated bacteria was the predominate isolate (68%). Other isolates were (8%), (12%), and (8%). These isolates belong to different genera, namely, , , , , , , , , , , , , and .
Topics: Agar; Agriculture; Animals; Bacteria; Chloroform; DNA Primers; DNA, Bacterial; Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; Phenols; Phylogeny; Poultry; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Wastewater; Water
PubMed: 36177057
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6065305