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Journal of Intelligence Sep 2023Social and emotional (SE) skills are known to be linked to important life outcomes, many of which fall into the academic domain. For example, meta-analytic data show...
INTRODUCTION
Social and emotional (SE) skills are known to be linked to important life outcomes, many of which fall into the academic domain. For example, meta-analytic data show that the skill of Sustaining Effort is nearly or just as important for academic performance as intelligence. In a recent study with long-term tracking of high school students, those who came from schools with a strong emphasis on SE skill development were more likely to enroll in college within two years of high school graduation. Longitudinal studies like this one are rare, however.
METHOD
The focus of the present study is on the SE skills of 6662 students assessed during high school and their relationship with high school academic performance, standardized college admissions test performance, and ultimately postsecondary enrollment and retention.
RESULTS
We examined mean-level differences in household income, high school GPA, ACT Composite scores, and SE skills by college enrollment and retention status and found several significant differences, often favoring the enrolled or retained group. Moreover, we found support for the incremental validity of SE skills as they predicted enrollment and retention above household income, high school GPA, and ACT scores.
DISCUSSION
Understanding SE skills' effects on later academic outcomes is important to help inform early SE skill intervention and development efforts in secondary and postsecondary settings. Additional implications and future directions are discussed.
PubMed: 37888418
DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11100186 -
Women's Health Reports (New Rochelle,... 2021More than 10% of US adults are living with type 2 diabetes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the National Diabetes Prevention Program...
More than 10% of US adults are living with type 2 diabetes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) in 2010 in an effort to delay or prevent this disease among individuals at high risk. Unfortunately, enrollment and retention rates are low. This qualitative study aims to understand barriers and facilitators to enrolling and completing the National DPP among women, and to provide recommendations for improvement. Semistructured interviews were conducted with the following: (1) women who were eligible for the National DPP, but declined to enroll (=11); (2) women who enrolled in the National DPP, but did not complete the program (=12); and (3) clinicians who treat women eligible for the National DPP (=12). Transcripts of the interviews were coded using content analysis. The 35 interviews (23 patients and 12 clinicians) provided further insight into known barriers, such as the cost of the program, the time that it takes, and inconvenient locations. The study also identified previously undiscovered barriers, including the program not meeting participants' expectations and facilitating referrals. Furthermore, improved communication between clinicians, patients, and National DPP staff could ensure that both clinicians and National DPP staff are aware of patients' goals and their individual barriers to success. Enrollment and retention in the National DPP may be improved with additional communication, more training for National DPP staff to work more closely with participants, adding better incentives to participation, and making the program more accessible through flexibility in time and/or locations.
PubMed: 34036296
DOI: 10.1089/whr.2020.0102 -
Clinical Therapeutics Oct 2017Because the highest rates of morbidity and mortality in neonates are seen in those born at <32 weeks' gestation, this group has the most urgent need for novel therapies... (Review)
Review
Because the highest rates of morbidity and mortality in neonates are seen in those born at <32 weeks' gestation, this group has the most urgent need for novel therapies to improve survival and outcome. Legislative efforts in the United States and Europe have attempted to address this issue by requiring the study of drugs, biological and nutritional products, devices, and other therapies in this population through a combination of high-quality regulatory and clinical trials, quality improvement initiatives, and observational studies. Because there are relatively small numbers of very preterm neonates born each year in any 1 country or continent, and because a significant number of clinical trials are recruiting at any 1 time, a neonate may meet enrollment criteria for >1 clinical trial. Neonatal units that have the infrastructure and resources to engage in research frequently face the question of whether it is permissible to enroll a neonate in >1 trial. This article examines the pertinent scientific, ethical, regulatory, and industry issues that should be taken into account when considering enrolling neonates in multiple clinical studies.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Industry; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Legislation, Drug; Research Design
PubMed: 28987269
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.09.006 -
Pediatric Research Aug 2023Individuals of minority race/ethnicity have lower rates of participation in genomic research. This study evaluated sociodemographic characteristics associated with...
BACKGROUND
Individuals of minority race/ethnicity have lower rates of participation in genomic research. This study evaluated sociodemographic characteristics associated with decisions to enroll in a pediatric critical care biorepository.
METHODS
Parents of children admitted to the PICU between November 2014 and May 2017 were offered to enroll their child in a biorepository using a single-page opt-in consent. Missed enrollment was assessed by failure to complete the form or declining consent on the form. We conducted a retrospective chart review for sociodemographic and clinical information. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed.
RESULTS
In 4055 encounters, representing 2910 patients with complete data, 1480 (50%) completed the consent form and 1223 (83%) enrolled. We found higher odds of incomplete consent for non-English-speaking parents (OR = 2.1, p < 0.0001) and parents of children of all races except non-Hispanic white (OR = 1.27-1.99, p < 0.0001). We found higher odds of declined consent in patients with Medicaid (OR = 1.67, p = 0.003) and parents of children of all races except non-Hispanic white (OR = 1.32-2.9, p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
Inability to enroll patients in a critical care biorepository may be associated with several sociodemographic factors at various points in recruitment/enrollment.
IMPACT
Individuals of minority race/ethnicity are less likely to enroll in genomic research and in critical care research. This study evaluated sociodemographic characteristics associated with decisions to enroll a child in a pediatric critical care biorepository. Sociodemographic factors including race/ethnicity, primary language, and insurance status and patient clinical characteristics are associated with differential enrollment into a pediatric critical care biorepository. More research is needed to understand how study team-participant interactions may play a role in differential enrollment. Barriers to enrollment occur both at the time of approaching and consenting for enrollment.
Topics: United States; Child; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Ethnicity; Consent Forms; Minority Groups; Critical Care
PubMed: 36755188
DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02465-w -
Neuro-oncology Practice Mar 2020In neuro-oncology, traditional methods of enrolling the large numbers of participants required for studies of disease etiology and treatment response are costly, labor... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In neuro-oncology, traditional methods of enrolling the large numbers of participants required for studies of disease etiology and treatment response are costly, labor intensive, and may not include patients in regions without tumor registries.
METHODS
In the Yale Acoustic Neuroma (AN) Study and International Low-Grade Glioma (LGG) Registry, we partnered with several brain tumor patient organizations to develop social media enrollment campaigns and use web-based data collection resources at the Yale University School of Public Health to test alternative methods to enroll neuro-oncology patients for epidemiologic study.
RESULTS
In the AN study, we enrolled 1024 patients over 2 years. Of these, 865 patients completed the online questionnaire, 697 returned written consent, 583 sent a pathology report, and 569 returned a saliva specimen. The completed 569 participants did not differ by age or treatment from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data but were more likely to be female (67% vs 52%) and white (94.8% vs 84%). Patients learned of the study through the Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA) website (61.3%), ANA support group members (18%), and social media (primarily Facebook). Costs per patient enrolled were approximately 10% to 20% that of traditional registry-based enrollment methods. Results for the LGG study were similar.
CONCLUSIONS
Although additional effort will be required to ensure a diverse participant population, partnership with established patient organizations along with use of web-based technology and social media allowed for the successful enrollment of neuro-oncology patients at a fraction of the cost relative to traditional methods.
PubMed: 32626583
DOI: 10.1093/nop/npz049 -
The Oncologist May 2022Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer are underrepresented on cancer clinical trials (CCTs), and most AYAs are treated in the community setting. Past...
BACKGROUND
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer are underrepresented on cancer clinical trials (CCTs), and most AYAs are treated in the community setting. Past research has focused on individual academic institutions, but factors impacting enrollment vary across institutions. Therefore, we examined the patterns of barriers and facilitators between high- and low-AYA enrolling community-based clinics to identify targets for intervention.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted 34 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders employed used at National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) affiliate sites ("clinics"). Stakeholders (eg, clinical research associates, patient advocates) were recruited from high- and low-AYA enrolling clinics. We conducted a content analysis and calculated the percentage of stakeholders from each clinic type that reported the barrier or facilitator. A 10% gap between high- and low-enrollers was considered the threshold for differences.
RESULTS
Both high- and low-enrollers highlighted insufficient resources as a barrier and the presence of a patient eligibility screening process as a facilitator to AYA enrollment. High-enrolling clinics reported physician gatekeeping as a barrier and the improvement of departmental collaboration as a facilitator. Low-enrollers reported AYAs' uncertainty regarding the CCT process as a barrier and the need for increased physician endorsement of CCTs as a facilitator.
CONCLUSIONS
High-enrolling clinics reported more barriers downstream in the enrollment process, such as physician gatekeeping. In contrast, low-enrolling clinics struggled with the earlier steps in the CCT enrollment process, such as identifying eligible trials. These findings highlight the need for multi-level, tailored interventions rather than a "one-size-fits-all" approach to improve AYA enrollment in the community setting.
Topics: Adolescent; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Humans; Neoplasms; Patient Selection; Physicians; Uncertainty; Young Adult
PubMed: 35522559
DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac030 -
Drug and Alcohol Dependence Jul 2012Developing bridges between community syringe exchange programs (SEPs) and substance abuse treatment could benefit syringe exchangers and the public health. Kidorf et al.... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Developing bridges between community syringe exchange programs (SEPs) and substance abuse treatment could benefit syringe exchangers and the public health. Kidorf et al. (2009) showed that motivational approaches employed at an SEP site improved rates of treatment enrollment and reduced drug use over a 4-month observation window. The present study extends this report by evaluating rates of treatment enrollment and re-enrollment over a 12-month period.
METHODS
Opioid dependent individuals (n = 281) newly registered at an SEP were randomly assigned to one of three referral interventions: (1) 8 individual motivational enhancement sessions and 16 treatment readiness group sessions designed to improve treatment interest and readiness (motivated referral condition; MRC-only); (2) MRC-only with monetary incentives for attending sessions and enrolling in treatment (MRC+I); or (3) standard referral (SRC). MRC-only and MRC+I participants discharged from treatment could attend a treatment re-engagement group designed to facilitate return to treatment (MRC+I participants received incentives for attending sessions and re-enrolling in treatment).
RESULTS
The 4-month outcomes generally extended over 12 months. MRC+I participants were more likely to enroll in methadone maintenance than MRC-only or SRC participants, and to re-enroll in treatment following discharge. MRC+I participants also reported more days of treatment and less heroin and injection use.
CONCLUSIONS
The good harm reduction outcomes for many SEP participants can be enhanced through strategies designed to facilitate treatment enrollment and re-enrollment.
Topics: Adult; Drug Users; Female; Harm Reduction; Humans; Male; Motivation; Needle-Exchange Programs; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Syringes; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 22209388
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.12.008 -
Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult... Feb 2022Few studies have explored interventions to improve adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer care delivery. While many AYAs receive cancer care at NCI Community Oncology...
Few studies have explored interventions to improve adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer care delivery. While many AYAs receive cancer care at NCI Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) sites, few enroll on clinical trials. Barriers and facilitators to pediatric oncologist activation of and enrollment on an AYA cross-network National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN) supportive care trial were assessed using a survey that was administered to 162 stakeholders representing all 47 children's oncology group (COG) institutions affiliated to an NCORP. Fifty-eight stakeholders participated representing 62% of all sites surveyed. Approximately half of participants (45%) were unaware of the trial. Seven sites had the study open and one enrolled a patient. Reasons for not opening and enrolling on the trial included limited research staff and resources, low anticipated accrual, and lower prioritization of the trial. Enrollment facilitators included having a local "AYA champion," improving communication between pediatric and medical oncology, and having site education on available AYA trials. Interventions focused on increasing site and provider awareness of AYA trials and decreasing local barriers to AYA enrollment are needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Neoplasms; Oncologists; Patient Selection; Young Adult
PubMed: 33983848
DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2021.0041 -
BMC Pediatrics Mar 2022Patient-level predictors of enrollment in pediatric biorepositories are poorly described. Especially in pandemic settings, understanding who is likely to enroll in a...
BACKGROUND
Patient-level predictors of enrollment in pediatric biorepositories are poorly described. Especially in pandemic settings, understanding who is likely to enroll in a biorepository is critical to interpreting analyses conducted on biospecimens. We describe predictors of pediatric COVID-19 biorepository enrollment and biospecimen donation to identify gaps in COVID-19 research on pediatric biospecimens.
METHODS
We compared data from enrollees and non-enrollees aged 0-25 years with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection who were approached for enrollment in the Massachusetts General Hospital pediatric COVID-19 biorepository between April 12, 2020, and May 28, 2020, from community or academic outpatient or inpatient settings. Demographic and clinical data at presentation to care were from automatic and manual chart extractions. Predictors of enrollment and biospecimen donation were assessed with Poisson regression models.
RESULTS
Among 457 individuals approached, 214 (47%) enrolled in the biorepository. A COVID-19 epidemiologic risk factor was recorded for 53%, and 15% lived in a US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-defined COVID-19 hotspot. Individuals living in a COVID-19 hotspot (relative risk (RR) 2.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8-3.2]), with symptoms at presentation (RR 1.8 [95% CI: 1.2-2.7]), or admitted to hospital (RR 1.8 [95% CI: 1.2-2.8]) were more likely to enroll. Seventy-nine percent of enrollees donated any biospecimen, including 97 nasopharyngeal swabs, 119 oropharyngeal swabs, and 105 blood, 16 urine, and 16 stool specimens, respectively. Age, sex, race, ethnicity, and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status based on zip code did not predict enrollment or biospecimen donation.
CONCLUSIONS
While fewer than half of individuals approached consented to participate in the pediatric biorepository, enrollment appeared to be representative of children affected by the pandemic. Living in a COVID-19 hotspot, symptoms at presentation to care and hospital admission predicted biorepository enrollment. Once enrolled, most individuals donated a biospecimen.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; COVID-19; Child; Child, Preschool; Ethnicity; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Massachusetts; Pandemics; Young Adult
PubMed: 35279115
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03185-6 -
The Canadian Journal of Cardiology Jul 2014The present systematic review and meta-analysis examines studies published in the past 10 years that described cardiac rehabilitation (CR) enrollment among women and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The present systematic review and meta-analysis examines studies published in the past 10 years that described cardiac rehabilitation (CR) enrollment among women and men, to determine whether a significant sex difference persists despite the evidence supporting the benefits of CR to women as well as men.
METHODS
Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and The Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed articles published from July 2000 to July 2011. Titles and abstracts were screened, and the 623 selected full-text articles were independently screened based on predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria (guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; PRISMA) and assessed for quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement form. The meta-analysis was undertaken using Review Manager software.
RESULTS
Twenty-six eligible observational studies reporting data for 297,719 participants (128,499 [43.2%] women) were included. On average, 45.0% of men and 38.5% of women enrolled in CR. In the pooled analysis, men were more likely to be enrolled in CR compared with women (female enrollment vs male enrollment odds ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.72; P < 0.00001). Heterogeneity was considered high (I(2) = 78%). In the subgroup analyses, systematic CR referral during inpatient tertiary care resulted in significantly greater enrollment among women than nonsystematic referral.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, rates of CR enrollment among women are significantly lower compared with men, with women being 36% less likely to enroll in a rehabilitation program.
Topics: Cardiac Rehabilitation; Cardiovascular Diseases; Exercise Therapy; Global Health; Humans; Morbidity; Patient Education as Topic; Referral and Consultation; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Secondary Prevention; Sex Distribution; Sex Factors
PubMed: 24726052
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.11.007