-
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Apr 2020Piglets aged approximately 50 days exhibited diarrhea and wasting. Multiple white foci were detected in the colon of a dead piglet; histopathological findings revealed...
Piglets aged approximately 50 days exhibited diarrhea and wasting. Multiple white foci were detected in the colon of a dead piglet; histopathological findings revealed multifocal ulcers and crypt abscesses with Entamoeba trophozoites and gram-negative bacilli in the piglet. These pathogens were identified as Entamoeba polecki subtype 3 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, respectively. Numerous E. polecki subtype 3 trophozoites were located on the edge of the ulcerative and necrotic lesions in the lamina propria. Crypt abscesses were associated with S. Typhimurium. These results suggest that E. polecki subtype 3 caused multifocal ulcerative colitis accompanied by crypt abscesses with S. Typhimurium in the piglet. This study is the first report of colitis with E. polecki subtype 3 and S. Typhimurium coinfection.
Topics: Abscess; Animals; Coinfection; Colitis, Ulcerative; Diarrhea; Entamoeba; Entamoebiasis; Japan; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 32101825
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0682 -
BioMed Research International 2019Parasitic spp. can infect many classes of vertebrates including humans and pigs. and zoonotic have been identified in pigs, and swine are implicated as potential...
Parasitic spp. can infect many classes of vertebrates including humans and pigs. and zoonotic have been identified in pigs, and swine are implicated as potential reservoirs for . However, the prevalence of spp. in pigs in southeastern China has not been reported. In this study, 668 fecal samples collected from 6 different regions in Fujian Province, southeastern China, were analyzed to identify three species by nested PCR and sequencing analysis. The overall prevalence of spp. was 55.4% (370/668; 95% CI 51.6% to 59.2%), and the infection rate of ST1 was the highest (302/668; 45.2%, 95% CI 41.4% to 49.0%), followed by ST3 (228/668; 34.1%, 95% CI 30.5% to 37.7%) and (87/668; 13.0%, 95% CI 10.5% to 15.6%). was not detected in any samples. Moreover, the coinfection rate of ST1 and ST3 was 25.1% (168/668; 95% CI 21.9% to 28.4%), the coinfection rate of ST1 and was 3.7% (25/668; 95% CI 2.3% to 5.2%), the coinfection rate of ST3 and was 0.3% (2/668), and the coinfection rate of ST1, ST3, and was 4.0% (27/668; 95% CI 2.5% to 5.5%). A representative sequence (MK347346) was identical to the sequence of (DQ286372). Two subtype-specific sequences (MK357717 and MK347347) were almost identical to the sequences of ST1 (FR686383) and ST3 (AJ566411), respectively. This is the first study to survey the occurrence and to conduct molecular identification of three species in southeastern China. This is the first report regarding mixed infections with , ST1, and ST3 in China. More research studies are needed to better understand the transmission and zoonotic potential of spp.
Topics: Animals; China; Entamoeba; Feces; Humans; Phylogeny; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 31781607
DOI: 10.1155/2019/2824017 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jul 2022Entamoeba spp. is a common zoonotic intestinal protozoan that can parasitize most vertebrates, including humans and pigs, causing severe intestinal diseases and posing a...
Entamoeba spp. is a common zoonotic intestinal protozoan that can parasitize most vertebrates, including humans and pigs, causing severe intestinal diseases and posing a serious threat to public health. However, the available data on Entamoeba spp. infection in pigs are relatively limited in China. To characterize the infection of Entamoeba spp. within pigs in southern China, 1254 fecal samples of diarrheic pigs were collected from 37 intensive pig farms in Hunan, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces and the infection of Entamoeba spp. was investigated based on the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene. The overall infection rate of Entamoeba spp. was 58.4% (732/1254), including 38.4% (118/307) in suckling piglets, 51.2% (153/299) in weaned piglets, 57.9% (55/95) in fattening pigs and 73.4% (406/553) in sows, respectively. Moreover, age and the sampling cities in Jiangxi and Fujian provinces were found to be the key factors influencing the infection of Entamoeba spp. (p < 0.05). Two subtypes (ST1 and ST3) with a zoonotic potential of Entamoeba polecki and Entamoeba suis were detected in all age groups of pigs and all sampling areas, with the predominant species and predominant subtype being E. polecki (91.3%, 668/732) and E. polecki ST1 (573/668), respectively, and E. polecki ST1 + E. polecki ST3 (78.6%, 239/304) being the most frequently detected form of mixed infection. Severe Entamoeba spp. infection and zoonotic subtypes were found in this study, exposing a large public health problem in the study area, and strategies need to be implemented to eliminate the risk in the future.
PubMed: 35883310
DOI: 10.3390/ani12141764 -
Veterinary World Mar 2023In several countries, two porcine species, and (subtype 1 and 3), have been detected using molecular methods and identified pathogenicity associated with enteritis....
BACKGROUND AND AIM
In several countries, two porcine species, and (subtype 1 and 3), have been detected using molecular methods and identified pathogenicity associated with enteritis. However, globally, infection prevalence in pigs is extremely limited. This study aimed to coprologically and genetically examine pig parasites to estimate prevalence of in three pig farms in East Java, Indonesia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Hundred porcine fecal samples (Landrace) were collected from three East Javan farms in well-known swine industry regions. Fecal samples were examined under a microscope after sugar-flotation centrifugation, and molecular species and subtype identification were performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primer pairs targeting small-subunit ribosomal RNA.
RESULTS
Microscopy examinations identified parasites in 89/100 fecal samples; spp. cysts were the most frequent in these samples. Polymerase chain reaction showed that 58 samples were comprised of mixed and , 22 alone, and nine alone infections. Epolec F6-Epolec R6 primers successfully amplified ST1-4 subtypes, while Epolecki 1-Epolecki 2 amplified only the ST1 subtype. ST1-specific primers successfully detected the ST1 subtype in 19/67 positive samples.
CONCLUSION
spp. prevalence in Indonesian pigs was previously shown to be high. On coprological examination of East Javan pigs, we detected high spp. levels, in which we genetically identified as (80.0%), (67.0%), and ST1 (19%).
PubMed: 37041842
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.650-656 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 2018is a parasite of human and nonhuman primates, other mammals, and birds. Due to overlapping morphological features, cysts of may be confused with those of other...
is a parasite of human and nonhuman primates, other mammals, and birds. Due to overlapping morphological features, cysts of may be confused with those of other species commonly found in human fecal samples, including immature cysts of Although the presence of in human -positive stool samples may be rare, its prevalence is likely underestimated due to such confusion. Here, we give examples of diagnostic approaches applied so far and summarize data on the molecular epidemiology of , including host specificity and phylogeography. Moreover, we evaluate a novel diagnostic conventional PCR developed for the screening of fecal samples for The assay was highly sensitive and specific when used on genomic DNA extracted directly from stool and Swedish wastewater samples. The PCR enabled the identification of all four subtypes (ST1 to ST4) of by PCR product sequencing. Most (23/28) subtyped positive samples detected in patients in Sweden between 2002 and 2015 reflected colonization by ST4 and were seen in travelers/foreigners. Two and three human cases of ST2 and ST3, respectively, were also detected. Subtypes 1, 2, and 3 were detected in 3/21 wastewater samples, suggesting local endemicity of these subtypes; interestingly, ST4 was not detected in wastewater. In conclusion, the current PCR assay enables simple and cost-effective screening of fecal and wastewater samples for Human cases of appear to involve primarily ST4, while detected in wastewater may be primarily of animal origin.
Topics: Entamoeba; Entamoebiasis; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Molecular Epidemiology; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sweden; Wastewater
PubMed: 29491022
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00154-18 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Mar 2019Enteric disease in pigs is usually of multifactorial etiology, including infectious and non-infectious factors. In many cases of endemic diarrhea in weaner-to-finisher...
Enteric disease in pigs is usually of multifactorial etiology, including infectious and non-infectious factors. In many cases of endemic diarrhea in weaner-to-finisher pigs, the combination of 2 or more microorganisms leads to aggravation of intestinal lesions and, consequently, clinical signs. We autopsied a 4-mo-old fattening pig with diarrhea and diagnosed severe fibrinonecrotizing typhlocolitis. Numerous spiral-shaped bacteria and amoeba-like PAS-positive protozoa were observed in the cecal and colonic mucosa and submucosa. Brachyspira hyodysenteriae was detected by PCR from colonic content. By in situ hybridization, large numbers of Entamoeba polecki were found within the lamina propria and submucosa; moderate numbers of Blastocystis sp. and scattered trichomonads were present in intestinal content. In addition, Entamoeba polecki, Balantidium spp., Blastocystis sp., and Trichomonas sp. were also detected by PCR.
Topics: Animals; Brachyspira hyodysenteriae; Cecum; Coinfection; Colon; Diarrhea; Entamoeba; Entamoebiasis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; In Situ Hybridization; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 30741127
DOI: 10.1177/1040638719829800 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jul 2007The genus Entamoeba contains many species, six of which (Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii, Entamoeba polecki, Entamoeba coli, and Entamoeba... (Review)
Review
The genus Entamoeba contains many species, six of which (Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii, Entamoeba polecki, Entamoeba coli, and Entamoeba hartmanni) reside in the human intestinal lumen. Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis and is considered a leading parasitic cause of death worldwide in humans. Although recent studies highlight the recovery of E. dispar and E. moshkovskii from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, there is still no convincing evidence of a causal link between the presence of these two species and the symptoms of the host. New approaches to the identification of E. histolytica are based on detection of E. histolytica-specific antigen and DNA in stool and other clinical samples. Several molecular diagnostic tests, including conventional and real-time PCR, have been developed for the detection and differentiation of E. histolytica, E. dispar, and E. moshkovskii in clinical samples. The purpose of this review is to discuss different methods that exist for the identification of E. histolytica, E. dispar, and E. moshkovskii which are available to the clinical diagnostic laboratory. To address the need for a specific diagnostic test for amebiasis, a substantial amount of work has been carried out over the last decade in different parts of the world. The molecular diagnostic tests are increasingly being used for both clinical and research purposes. In order to minimize undue treatment of individuals infected with other species of Entamoeba such as E. dispar and E. moshkovskii, efforts have been made for specific diagnosis of E. histolytica infection and not to treat based simply on the microscopic examination of Entamoeba species in the stool. The incorporation of many new technologies into the diagnostic laboratory will lead to a better understanding of the public health problem and measures to control the disease.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antigens, Protozoan; Chromatography; DNA, Protozoan; Entamoeba; Entamoebiasis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Isoenzymes; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protozoan Proteins
PubMed: 17630338
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00004-07 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Feb 2019Amoebic trophozoites were identified in the cervicovaginal smear of a U.S. patient without travel history at the time of intrauterine device (IUD) removal. Subsequent...
Amoebic trophozoites were identified in the cervicovaginal smear of a U.S. patient without travel history at the time of intrauterine device (IUD) removal. Subsequent morphologic analysis and DNA sequencing identified a mixed cervicovaginal colonization of the female genital tract with both and in association with species bacteria. This highlights to the potential for colonization of the genital tract with , particularly in association with IUD placement, and represents the first report of in this context.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Cervix Uteri; Coinfection; Entamoeba; Entamoebiasis; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Papanicolaou Test; Vagina; Young Adult
PubMed: 30526733
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0522 -
Bioscience Trends Nov 2019Certain Desulfovibrio sp. (anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria) are indigenous to swine cecum and colon, which are also common habitats for parasitic amoebae such as...
Growth-promoting effects of the hydrogen-sulfide compounds produced by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. desulfuricans co-cultured with Escherichia coli (DH5α) on the growth of Entamoeba and Endolimax species isolates from swine.
Certain Desulfovibrio sp. (anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria) are indigenous to swine cecum and colon, which are also common habitats for parasitic amoebae such as Entamoeba polecki and Entamoeba suis. In this study, we evaluated the growth-promoting effects of D. desulfuricans co-cultured with Escherichia coli (DH5α) and its products [e.g., hydrogen sulfide (HS) and certain iron-sulfide (FeS) compounds] using Robinson's medium, on the 4 amoeba isolates from swine-Entamoeba polecki subtype (ST)-1, E. polecki ST-3, Entamoeba suis, and Endolimax sp., and, consequently, a continuous culture system for these amoebae was established. However, this novel culture system was required to regulate the excess HS dissolved in the medium by increasing air space as amoeba isolates thrive only in large air spaces (30-40%). The effects of air space and HS and FeS compounds on the growth of E. polecki ST-1 (TDP-5) were determined. E. polecki ST-1 (TDP-5) thrived well in culture bottles with an air space of 30-40% (aerobic) (HS: ~250-400 μmoles/L), but did not grow at all in an air space < 5% (microaerobic) ( HS:~800 μmoles/L) and in anaerobic vessels (HS: 20-30 μmoles/L). In both HS-depleted and FeS compound-depleted conditions, the amoebae sp. could not thrive either. It was hypothesized that an appropriate concentration of HS and FeS compounds might function as important physiologically active components of electron carriers such as FeS and ferredoxin.
Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Desulfovibrio desulfuricans; Endolimax; Entamoeba; Escherichia coli; Hydrogen Sulfide; Swine
PubMed: 31597818
DOI: 10.5582/bst.2019.01233 -
Food and Waterborne Parasitology Jun 2021is the only pathogenic species of the genus and is morphologically identical to / ( complex) hence cannot be microscopically differentiated. The other spp. found in...
is the only pathogenic species of the genus and is morphologically identical to / ( complex) hence cannot be microscopically differentiated. The other spp. found in humans ( and ) can be differentiated morphologically from this complex. However, some of their morphologic features overlap making differential diagnosis difficult. This study aimed at determining the occurrence of spp. in patients seeking treatment for diarrhea and/or abdominal discomfort at two clinics in Mukuru informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. Faecal samples were collected from 895 patients, examined microscopically following direct wet smear and formal-ether concentration methods. spp. positive faecal samples were subjected to DNA extraction and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). By microscopy, spp. cysts or trophozoites were detected in 114/895 (12.7%, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 10.6-15.1) faecal samples. By nested PCR, the prevalence was: (7.5%, 95% CI 5.9-9.4, 67/895) and (8.2%, 95% CI 6.5-10.2, 73/895). Among the spp. complex positive samples, nested PCR detected and DNA in 63/114 (55.3%) and 37/114 (32.5%), samples respectively. Among the / PCR negative samples (32.5%), 21 (18.4%) contained cysts of either (19) or (2) by nested PCR. spp. infections were most common among participants aged 21-30 years; however it was not significant ( = 0.7). spp. infections showed an inverse relationship with diarrhea being most common among participants without diarrhea ( = 0.0). The difference was significant for ( = 0.0) but not significant for ( = 0.1). Only infections were significantly associated with sex ( = 0.0). This study highlights the need for differentiation of from other spp. by molecular tools for better management of amoebiasis.
PubMed: 33898796
DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2021.e00122