-
Journal of Medical Genetics Apr 1990
Topics: Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Entropion; Failure to Thrive; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Syndrome
PubMed: 2325106
DOI: 10.1136/jmg.27.4.256 -
Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS Dec 2017
Review
Topics: Ectropion; Entropion; Eyelids; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Oculomotor Muscles; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Recovery of Function; Risk Assessment; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29195240
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608711 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jan 2024Congenital entropion is the most frequent ocular disorder in newborn lambs of certain sheep breeds, which, if not treated, can result in complete blindness and death due...
BACKGROUND
Congenital entropion is the most frequent ocular disorder in newborn lambs of certain sheep breeds, which, if not treated, can result in complete blindness and death due to starvation.
OBJECTIVES
The aims of this study were to compare the spontaneous healing of entropion in two breeds and assess the outcome of cases with and without therapeutic intervention.
METHODS
A total of 158 entropion cases (119 Ile de France and 39 Romane) were investigated, and swab samples were collected from the cornea and conjunctiva of 73 of the affected lambs for bacteriological investigation. In addition, an ocular intervention was carried out in 123 affected animals.
RESULTS
The Romane breed developed entropion at an average age of 7 days compared to the Ile de France, which developed it at an average age of 1 day. Likewise, significant differences were found between bilateral and unilateral involvement in both breeds. Meanwhile, 22.1% of cases recovered spontaneously, and the highest rate of spontaneous recovery without intervention was observed in the Romane breed (66%). Bacteria isolated from ocular samples included Staphylococcus spp. (42.5%), Bacillus spp. (21.9%), Trueperella pyogenes (13.7%), Corynebacterium spp. (12.3%) and Escherichia coli (9.6%).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the study showed that the onset time of entropion, bilateral involvement, the severity of the process and the need for re-treatment were higher in the Ile de France breed than in the Romane breed. Likewise, the Romane breed showed a higher degree of spontaneous recovery of entropion.
Topics: Sheep; Animals; Entropion; Sheep, Domestic; France; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 37902142
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1317 -
PloS One 2022To quantitatively analyze morphological and functional alterations of the meibomian glands in eyes with marginal entropion and their changes after surgery.
PURPOSE
To quantitatively analyze morphological and functional alterations of the meibomian glands in eyes with marginal entropion and their changes after surgery.
METHODS
Sixty eyes of 52 patients with marginal entropion and underwent meibography and interferometer were included. One-hundred and seventeen age- and sex-matched eyes with minimal to mild meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) were recruited as control eyes. Meibomian gland loss (MGL) and lipid layer thickness (LLT) were compared between eyes with marginal entropion and control eyes. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the extent of entropion. MGL and average LLT at 1 and 5 months after surgery were compared with those of 20 eyes with marginal entropion followed without surgery.
RESULTS
In eyes with marginal entropion, MGL was higher (27.7% vs. 12.8%, P = 0.014), and average LLT was thinner (64 nm vs. 86 nm, P = 0.005) than those in control eyes. MGL was higher in eyes with more extensive entropion (> 2/3 eyelid width) than in eyes with less extensive entropion (≤ 1/3 eyelid width) (40.5% vs. 13.2%, P = 0.001). Average LLT increased after surgery (97 nm at 1 month, P = 0.003; 75 nm at 5 months, P = 0.319), and thicker than that of eyes followed without surgery (97 nm vs. 66 nm, P = 0.046). MGLs after surgery remained unchanged from the preoperative MGL (all P > 0.7).
CONCLUSION
Marginal entropion is associated with morphological and functional alterations of the meibomian glands. Functional improvement after entropion repair suggests that marginal entropion could cause or exacerbate MGD. Further studies are required to establish the role of entropion repair in managing MGD.
Topics: Blepharoplasty; Dry Eye Syndromes; Entropion; Eyelid Diseases; Humans; Meibomian Gland Dysfunction; Meibomian Glands; Tears
PubMed: 35421204
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267118 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.... Nov 2023Most current surgical approaches in involutional lower eyelid entropion (ILLE) repair focus upon lower eyelid retractor (LER), mainly through transcutaneous approaches....
BACKGROUND
Most current surgical approaches in involutional lower eyelid entropion (ILLE) repair focus upon lower eyelid retractor (LER), mainly through transcutaneous approaches. We have opted to use the transconjunctival approach because of the hidden postoperative scar and the shortest reach to the LER. Here, based on our experience, we present our suggestions and note some of the drawbacks regarding ILLE repair by the transconjunctival approach.
METHODS
Two surgeons performed entropion repair on 14 eyelids in 13 patients. Repairs were performed by a transconjunctival approach, where a part of the conjunctiva was at first incised with a scalpel, and the conjunctiva and LER were then separated at the lower edge of the tarsus with scissors. The anterior and posterior aspects of the LER were peeled off, and the LER was dissected into sheets. The LER was then fixed to the anterior-inferior border of the tarsus, and the conjunctiva was sutured. No postoperative gauze, tape dressings, or even suture removal were required.
RESULTS
Mean operating time was 32.6 minutes. Recurrence was observed in one of 14 patients at an average of 6.6 months postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS
We reported our suggestions and drawbacks of the transconjunctival approach for ILLE repair. We recommend sufficiently detaching the anterior-posterior aspects of the LER and fixing the LER to the anterior-inferior border of the tarsus. Drawbacks of this technique include the possibility of an insufficient correction in cases with a positive pinch test and medial traction test. Conversely, no further treatment or maintenance is required postoperatively.
PubMed: 38025620
DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005408 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Dec 2021The primary objectives of the study were to examine the diversity in facial conformation characteristics within a group of Persian (PER) and Exotic Shorthair (EXO) show...
OBJECTIVES
The primary objectives of the study were to examine the diversity in facial conformation characteristics within a group of Persian (PER) and Exotic Shorthair (EXO) show cats, and to contrast the results to findings within a group of non-purebred domestic shorthair (DSH) and domestic longhair (DLH) cats. The secondary objectives were to determine the PER/EXO show cat owners' perceptions of the breathing status of their cats, and to evaluate if remarks from the cat show judges concerning the cats' head and facial conformation were exclusively related to the aesthetic features of the cats.
METHODS
Sixty-four PER and 12 EXO show cats were prospectively examined at five international cat shows, and 20 DSH/DLH cats were examined at an animal hospital. Facial conformation characteristics were evaluated by examining photos of the cats. Owners of the PER/EXO show cats answered a questionnaire concerning their cats' health status, and they were encouraged to send in the judges' score sheets from the cat shows.
RESULTS
The PER/EXO show cats had higher diversity in facial conformation characteristics than the DSH/DLH cats, and high incidences of hypoplasia of the nose leather (95%), the nose leather top positioned above the level of the lower eyelid (93%), moderate-to-severe stenotic nares (86%), epiphora (83%) and entropion (32%). Owners of 6/76 PER/EXO show cats stated that their cat had increased respiratory sounds and/or trouble breathing at least once a week. The cat show judges' written comments were exclusively related to aesthetic features of the cats' head and facial conformation details.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Hypoplasia of the nose leather, high position of the nose leather top, stenotic nares, epiphora and entropion were common findings in the PER/EXO show cats but not in the DSH/DLH cats. Few of the cat owners perceived that their cat had problems related to the airways.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33655782
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X21997631 -
Eye (London, England) Oct 2021To describe the lid characteristics of recurrent upper eyelid trachomatous entropion and to report the long-term outcomes of a five-step surgical approach based on the...
PURPOSE
To describe the lid characteristics of recurrent upper eyelid trachomatous entropion and to report the long-term outcomes of a five-step surgical approach based on the principles of upper eyelid crease lamellar splitting and retractor release with redirection.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Retrospective case review of adult patients with recurrent upper eyelid trachomatous entropion who had undergone surgical correction using the five-step surgical technique between March 2014 and March 2018. Cases with primary entropion and/or <2 years of follow-up were excluded from this series.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Eyelid deformities (type of trichiasis, anterior lamellar laxity, lid margin abnormality, lid retraction and lagophthalmos), recurrence of entropion and trichiasis, cosmetic satisfaction, and surgical complications.
RESULTS
Forty-two upper eyelids in 33 patients met inclusion criteria. Preoperative anterior lamellar laxity was present in 36 eyelids (85.7%), lid retraction in 31 eyelids (73.8%) with a mean preoperative MRD1 of 6.48 ± 1.1 mm, atrophic tarsus in 28 eyelids (66.7%), lid margin notching in 22 eyelids (52.4%), and lagophthalmos in 15 eyelids (35.7%). The surgical success rate was 92.9% (95% CI 0.805-0.985). There was no documented recurrence of entropion over a mean follow-up period of 31.79 months. Postoperative trichiasis without entropion occurred in three eyelids, which required repeat epilation.
CONCLUSIONS
The five step-approach based on the principles of lamellar splitting is effective in correction of recurrent trachomatous entropion with long-term stability. The procedure addresses the fundamental changes frequently seen in recurrent cases, in particular anterior lamellar laxity, scarred shortened posterior lamella, and trichiasis.
Topics: Adult; Entropion; Eyelids; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Trachoma; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33235346
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-01306-y -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jul 2006Trachoma is a leading cause of avoidable blindness. The World Health Organization recommends eliminating trachoma blindness by the SAFE strategy incorporating Surgery,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Trachoma is a leading cause of avoidable blindness. The World Health Organization recommends eliminating trachoma blindness by the SAFE strategy incorporating Surgery, Antibiotic treatment, Facial cleanliness and Environmental hygiene.
OBJECTIVES
This review examined the evidence for the effectiveness of different interventions for trachoma trichiasis.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We identified trials from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) on The Cochrane Library (2005, Issue 3), MEDLINE (1966 to September 2005) PubMed (searched on 21-09-06; last 90 days), EMBASE (1980 to September 2005), LILACS (March 2004) and the reference lists of included studies. We also contacted authors for details of other relevant studies.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised trials of any intervention intended to treat trachoma trichiasis and trials comparing different methods of delivering the same intervention.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently assessed trials. We contacted trial authors for missing data when necessary.
MAIN RESULTS
Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Three studies compared different surgical interventions. These trials suggest the most effective surgery is full-thickness incision of the tarsal plate and rotation of the terminal tarsal strip 180 degrees. One study showed that bilamellar rotation was more effective than unilamellar rotation but the other two studies did not. One trial found double-sided sticking plaster more effective than epilation for the immediate management of trichiasis but required frequent replacement (odds ratio (OR) 0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.00 to 0.22). Another trial found community-based surgery increased convenience for patients without increasing the risk of complications or recurrence when compared to health centres. One trial found no difference between trichiasis surgery performed by ophthalmologists and integrated eye workers (OR 1.32, 95% CI 0.83 to 2.11). A trial comparing trichiasis surgery with and without concurrent administration of azithromycin found no difference in success rates at one year (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.46).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
No trials show interventions for trichiasis prevent blindness. Certain interventions have been shown to be more effective at eliminating trichiasis. Full thickness incision of the tarsal plate and rotation of the lash-bearing lid margin through 180 degrees is probably the best technique and is preferably delivered in the community. The use of double-sided sticking plaster is more effective than epilation as a temporary measure. Surgery may be carried out by an ophthalmologist or a trained ophthalmic assistant. The addition of azithromycin treatment at the time of surgery does not appear to improve outcomes.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlamydia trachomatis; Entropion; Eyelid Diseases; Hair Removal; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Trachoma
PubMed: 16856026
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004008.pub2 -
Journal of Dentistry (Shiraz, Iran) Jun 2021Treating zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures (ZMC Fx) can result in postoperative complications that should be minimized by choosing the best surgical approach.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Treating zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures (ZMC Fx) can result in postoperative complications that should be minimized by choosing the best surgical approach.
PURPOSE
This study compared incidence rates of some common postoperative complications with emphasis on ectropion (an outward curling of the lower eyelid) and entropion (an inward curling of the lower eyelid) occurring with transconjunctival or subciliary approaches for the treatment of ZMC fractures.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
This prospective study enrolled 80 patients with ZMC Fx who had been surgically treated. Patients were visited within one month and five months postoperatively by the same surgeon. An information checklist was completed for each patient for clinical assessment of postoperative complications.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference between the two groups in the type of trauma (simple or comminuted) (= 0.1) or the frequency of ectropion and entropion one month and five months postoperatively (> 0.05). The same results were observed for history of massage under the eye or around the field of surgery (= 0.151), scleral show (= 0.414), history of post-surgical epiphora (overflow of tears and accumulation of tear) (= 0.059), duration of the use of suspension/frost sutures (used to prevent eyelid distortion secondary to wound injury applied at the skin inferior to the incision to help elevate the lid) (= 0.057), and the use of porex (an alloplastic material over the defect in the orbital floor) (= 0.91).
CONCLUSION
There was no significant difference between the transconjunctival approach and the subciliary approach in terms of common postoperative complications such as ectropion and entropion.
PubMed: 34150942
DOI: 10.30476/DENTJODS.2020.84853.1101 -
The British Journal of Oral &... Dec 2022Lower eyelid malposition (LEM) is a common sequela after orbital fracture reconstruction. This study aimed to analyse the development of LEM, specifically ectropion and...
Lower eyelid malposition (LEM) is a common sequela after orbital fracture reconstruction. This study aimed to analyse the development of LEM, specifically ectropion and entropion, following primary orbital fracture reconstruction, to identify predictive factors for LEM, and to assess the effect of the eyelid complication on patients' daily lives. The retrospective cohort comprised patients who had undergone orbital floor and/or medial wall fracture reconstruction for recent trauma. Demographics, fracture type and site, surgery and implant-related variables, follow-up time and number of visits, type and severity of LEM, subsequent surgical correction, and patient satisfaction, were analysed. The overall occurrence of LEM was 8%, with ectropion in 6% and entropion in 2% of patients. Older age, complex fractures, transcutaneous approaches, preoperative traumatic lower lid wounds, and implant material were associated with the development of LEM. Of all patients, 3% needed surgical correction of LEM. Six of the 13 patients (46%) who developed LEM required surgical correction. The transconjunctival approach and patient-specific implants should be preferred, especially in elderly patients and those with more complex fractures. LEM often requires subsequent surgical correction, and the treatment period is substantially prolonged, with multiple extra visits to the clinic.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Ectropion; Entropion; Orbital Fractures; Retrospective Studies; Dental Implants; Eyelids; Aging
PubMed: 36244868
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.08.004