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Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022Erysipelas, caused by , is considered one of the most serious infectious diseases of captive and free-ranging cetaceans worldwide, as these animals are known to be...
Erysipelas, caused by , is considered one of the most serious infectious diseases of captive and free-ranging cetaceans worldwide, as these animals are known to be highly susceptible to the bacterial infections. The potential diversity between isolates from captive cetaceans has been previously described; however, the microbiological features of the free-ranging cetacean isolates remain unclear. Here, we describe a case of bacteremia in a rough-toothed dolphin () caused by . Additionally, we present the first genomic features of the bacteria from free-ranging cetacean individuals. Histopathological and microbial examinations revealed that caused bacteremia and systemic infection in the dolphin. The genome of the isolated strain KC-Sb-R1, which was classified as Clade 1 possessing gene, was clearly differentiated from the other swine-isolated , and the comparison of its serovar-defining chromosomal region revealed that our isolate was greatly similar to those of other previously reported serovar 2/15 isolates, including the captive-dolphin isolate. Moreover, most of the potential virulence factors in the strain KC-Sb-R1 were similar to those in the strain Fujisawa. Further, a potential cytotoxicity of the isolate was confirmed, suggesting that marine mammal-isolated could possess strong pathogenic potential in other animals, including humans. These results would further increase our understanding on the risk factors for controlling zoonotic pathogens of emerging infectious diseases in captive or free-ranging cetaceans, and also provide important insight into the diversity of in animals.
PubMed: 35601406
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.774836 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... Jun 2018Erysipelatoid Carcinoma (EC), also known as Inflammatory Metastatic Carcinoma, is a rare form of cutaneous metastasis, secondary to an internal malignancy, more often...
Erysipelatoid Carcinoma (EC), also known as Inflammatory Metastatic Carcinoma, is a rare form of cutaneous metastasis, secondary to an internal malignancy, more often related to breast cancer. Clinically, the lesion has a well-marked, bound erythematous appearance, much like an infectious process, such as erysipelas and cellulitis, these being the most common differential diagnoses. It is characterized by an acute or subacute appearance with an erythematous plaque, sometimes hot and painful, being more often situated in the primary tumor vicinity, especially in the thorax wall in the region of a mastectomy due to breast cancer. Here we present the case of a 75-year-old patient with ductal infiltrated carcinoma for 3 years, who presented an acute erythematous and infiltrated plaque in the region of a previous mastectomy, with a final diagnosis of EC.
Topics: Aged; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Diagnosis, Differential; Erysipeloid; Erythema; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms; Thorax
PubMed: 30304305
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.06.492 -
IDCases 2020is a zoonotic gram positive coccobacillus. It is rarely found in humans as an occupational pathogen that mainly infects animal handlers. There are three forms of human...
is a zoonotic gram positive coccobacillus. It is rarely found in humans as an occupational pathogen that mainly infects animal handlers. There are three forms of human infection: localized erysipeloid, diffuse cutaneous form and lastly, bacteremia that could progress to infective endocarditis. We present a case of a 59-year-old male who was found to have bacteremia that was diagnosed as aortic valve endocarditis with severe aortic regurgitation. The patient was treated with ampicillin-sulbactam then transitioned to six weeks of intravenous ampicillin. This report summarizes a rare organism that causes a serious human infection and discusses its epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment options.
PubMed: 32995274
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00958 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2020spp. comprise a group of small Gram-positive bacteria that can infect a variety of hosts including mammals, fish, birds, reptiles and insects. Among the eight species... (Review)
Review
spp. comprise a group of small Gram-positive bacteria that can infect a variety of hosts including mammals, fish, birds, reptiles and insects. Among the eight species that have been described to date, only plays a major role in farmed livestock where it is the causative agent of erysipelas. also has zoonotic potential and can cause erysipeloid in humans with a clear occupational link to meat and fish industries. While there are 28 known serovars, over 80% of identified isolates belong to serovars 1 or 2. Vaccines to protect pigs against first became available in 1883 as a response to an epizootic of swine erysipelas in southern France. The overall vaccine repertoire was notably enlarged between the 1940s and 1960s following major outbreaks of swine erysipelas in the Midwest USA and has changed little since. Traditionally, serovar 1a or 2 isolates were inactivated (bacterins) or attenuated and these types of vaccines are still used today on a global basis. vaccines are most commonly used in pigs, poultry, and sheep where the bacterium can cause considerable economic losses. In addition, erysipelas vaccination is also utilized in selected vulnerable susceptible populations, such as marine mammals in aquariums, which are commonly vaccinated at regular intervals. While commercially produced erysipelas vaccines appear to provide good protection against clinical disease, in recent years there has been an increase in perceived vaccine failures in farmed animals, especially in organic outdoor operations. Moreover, clinical erysipelas outbreaks have been reported in animal populations not previously considered at risk. This has raised concerns over a possible lack of vaccine protection across various production species. This review focuses on summarizing the history and the present status of vaccines, the current knowledge on protection including surface antigens, and also provides an outlook into future directions for vaccine development.
PubMed: 32351978
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00174 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2017Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, and antimicrobial usage and AMR in animal production is one of its contributing sources. Poultry is one of the... (Review)
Review
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, and antimicrobial usage and AMR in animal production is one of its contributing sources. Poultry is one of the most widespread types of meat consumed worldwide. Poultry flocks are often raised under intensive conditions using large amounts of antimicrobials to prevent and to treat disease, as well as for growth promotion. Antimicrobial resistant poultry pathogens may result in treatment failure, leading to economic losses, but also be a source of resistant bacteria/genes (including zoonotic bacteria) that may represent a risk to human health. Here we reviewed data on AMR in 12 poultry pathogens, including avian pathogenic (APEC), Pullorum/Gallinarum, (ORT), spp., , and . A number of studies have demonstrated increases in resistance over time for . Pullorum/Gallinarum, , and . Among Enterobacteriaceae, APEC isolates displayed considerably higher levels of AMR compared with . Pullorum/Gallinarum, with prevalence of resistance over >80% for ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline across studies. Among the Gram-negative, non-Enterobacteriaceae pathogens, ORT had the highest levels of phenotypic resistance with median levels of AMR against co-trimoxazole, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, and ceftiofur all exceeding 50%. In contrast, levels of resistance among isolates were less than 20% for all antimicrobials. The study highlights considerable disparities in methodologies, as well as in criteria for phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing and result interpretation. It is necessary to increase efforts to harmonize testing practices, and to promote free access to data on AMR in order to improve treatment guidelines as well as to monitor the evolution of AMR in poultry bacterial pathogens.
PubMed: 28848739
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00126 -
Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine :... 2020
Topics: Animals; Bacteremia; Brachyura; Endocarditis; Erysipelothrix; Newfoundland and Labrador; Osteomyelitis; Sepsis; Snow
PubMed: 31854342
DOI: 10.4103/CJRM.CJRM_80_19 -
Environment International Apr 2020Here we review the state-of-the-art of pathogens in select marine and terrestrial key species of the Baltic Sea, i.e. ringed seal (Pusa hispida), harbour seal (Phoca... (Review)
Review
Here we review the state-of-the-art of pathogens in select marine and terrestrial key species of the Baltic Sea, i.e. ringed seal (Pusa hispida), harbour seal (Phoca vitulina), grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), common eider (Somateria mollissima), pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) and white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). This review is the first to merge and present available information and baseline data for the FP7 BONUS BaltHealth project: Baltic Sea multilevel health impacts on key species of anthropogenic hazardous substances. Understanding the spread, prevalence and effects of wildlife pathogens is important for the understanding of animal and ecosystem health, ecosystem function and services, as well as human exposure to zoonotic diseases. This review summarises the occurrence of parasites, viruses and bacteria over the past six decades, including severe outbreaks of Phocine Distemper Virus (PDV), the seroprevalence of Influenza A and the recent increase in seal parasites. We show that Baltic high trophic key species are exposed to multiple bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases. Parasites, such as C. semerme and P. truncatum present in the colon and liver Baltic grey seals, respectively, and anisakid nematodes require particular monitoring due to their effects on animal health. In addition, distribution of existing viral and bacterial pathogens, along with the emergence and spread of new pathogens, need to be monitored in order to assess the health status of key Baltic species. Relevant bacteria are Streptococcus spp., Brucella spp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Mycoplasma spp. and Leptospira interrogans; relevant viruses are influenza virus, distemper virus, pox virus and herpes virus. This is of special importance as some of the occurring pathogens are zoonotic and thus also pose a potential risk for human health. Marine mammal handlers, as well as civilians that by chance encounter marine mammals, need to be aware of this risk. It is therefore important to continue the monitoring of diseases affecting key Baltic species in order to assess their relationship to population dynamics and their potential threat to humans. These infectious agents are valuable indicators of host ecology and can act as bioindicators of distribution, migration, diet and behaviour of marine mammals and birds, as well as of climate change and changes in food web dynamics. In addition, infectious diseases are linked to pollutant exposure, overexploitation, immune suppression and subsequent inflammatory disease. Ultimately, these diseases affect the health of the entire ecosystem and, consequently, ecosystem function and services. As global warming is continuously increasing, the impact of global change on infectious disease patterns is important to monitor in Baltic key species in the future.
Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals; Bacteria; Birds; Disease Outbreaks; Ecosystem; Environmental Pollutants; Humans; Phoca; Seals, Earless; Seroepidemiologic Studies
PubMed: 32070804
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105565 -
Porcine Health Management Jan 2021Deliberate infection of humans with smallpox, also known as variolation, was a common practice in Asia and dates back to the fifteenth century. The world's first human... (Review)
Review
Deliberate infection of humans with smallpox, also known as variolation, was a common practice in Asia and dates back to the fifteenth century. The world's first human vaccination was administered in 1796 by Edward Jenner, a British physician. One of the first pig vaccines, which targeted the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, was introduced in 1883 in France by Louis Pasteur. Since then vaccination has become an essential part of pig production, and viral vaccines in particular are essential tools for pig producers and veterinarians to manage pig herd health. Traditionally, viral vaccines for pigs are either based on attenuated-live virus strains or inactivated viral antigens. With the advent of genomic sequencing and molecular engineering, novel vaccine strategies and tools, including subunit and nucleic acid vaccines, became available and are being increasingly used in pigs. This review aims to summarize recent trends and technologies available for the production and use of vaccines targeting pig viruses.
PubMed: 33397477
DOI: 10.1186/s40813-020-00179-7 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022is a facultative anaerobic, environmentally stable, Gram-positive rod that causes swine and avian erysipelas as a zoonotic pathogen. In humans, the main manifestations...
is a facultative anaerobic, environmentally stable, Gram-positive rod that causes swine and avian erysipelas as a zoonotic pathogen. In humans, the main manifestations described are circumscribed erysipeloid, generalized erysipeloid, and endocarditis. Here, we report a 46-year-old female patient who presented to the physician because of redness and marked of the hand, in terms of a pain-related restricted range of motion, and was treated surgically. was detected in tissue biopsy. The source of infection was considered to be a pond in which both swine and, later, her dog bathed. The genome of the isolate was completely sequenced and especially the presumptive virulence associated factors as well as the presumptive antimicrobial resistance genes, in particular a predicted homologue to the multiple sugar metabolism regulator (MsmR), several predicted two-component signal transduction systems, three predicted hemolysins, two predicted neuraminidases, three predicted hyaluronate lyases, the surface protective antigen SpaA, a subset of predicted enzymes that potentially confer resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS), several predicted phospholipases that could play a role in the escape from phagolysosomes into host cell cytoplasm as well as a predicted vancomycin resistance locus () and three predicted MATE efflux transporters were investigated in more detail.
Topics: Humans; Female; Swine; Animals; Dogs; Middle Aged; Erysipelothrix; Erysipeloid; Virulence Factors; Base Sequence; Water
PubMed: 36353709
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.981477 -
British Medical Journal Mar 1973
Topics: Animals; Bronchial Neoplasms; Endocarditis; Erysipelothrix Infections; Humans; Sepsis
PubMed: 4735118
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5856.804-a