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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Sep 2023Counterfeit products in the pharmaceutical and food industries have posed an overwhelmingly increasing threat to the health of individuals and societies. An effective...
Counterfeit products in the pharmaceutical and food industries have posed an overwhelmingly increasing threat to the health of individuals and societies. An effective approach to prevent counterfeiting is the attachment of security labels directly on drugs and food products. This approach requires the development of security labels composed of safely digestible materials. In this study, we present the fabrication of security labels entirely based on the use of food-grade materials. The key idea proposed in this study is the exploitation of food-grade corn starch (CS) as an encoding material based on the microscopic dimensions, particulate structure, and adsorbent characteristics. The strong adsorption of a food colorant, erythrosine B (ErB), onto CS results in fluorescent CS@ErB microparticles. Randomly positioned CS@ErB particles can be obtained simply by spin-coating from aqueous solutions of tuned concentrations followed by transfer to an edible gelatin film. The optical and fluorescence microscopy images of randomly positioned particles are then used to construct keys for a physically unclonable function (PUF)-based security label. The performance of PUFs evaluated by uniformity, uniqueness, and randomness analysis demonstrates the strong promise of this platform. The biocompatibility of the fabricated PUFs is confirmed with assays using murine fibroblast cells. The extremely low-cost and sustainable security primitives fabricated from off-the-shelf food materials offer new routes in the fight against counterfeiting.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Dust; Adsorption; Biological Assay; Cell-Derived Microparticles; Coloring Agents; Erythrosine
PubMed: 37615185
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09035 -
Heliyon Nov 2021Overuse or overconsumption of food additive or colorant cannot be ignored in our society and there are several reports of it harmful effect on the body system. This...
Involvement of striatal oxido-inflammatory, nitrosative and decreased cholinergic activity in neurobehavioral alteration in adult rat model with oral co-exposure to erythrosine and tartrazine.
Overuse or overconsumption of food additive or colorant cannot be ignored in our society and there are several reports of it harmful effect on the body system. This study investigated the toxicity effect of tartrazine and erythrosine (ET, 50:50) on neurobehavioral alteration, striatal oxido-nitrosative and pro-inflammatory stress and striatal acetylcholinesterase activity in experimental rat model. Rats were co-exposed to ET (2 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) and distilled water (control), p.o for 6 weeks. The change in neurobehavioral function (Open field test, Forced swimming test and Tail suspension test), Lipid peroxidation (Malonaldehyde, MDA), Antioxidants (Glutathione, GSH; Catalase, CAT) Nitrite, Pro-inflammatory cytokine (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were evaluated. Results showed significant decrease in neurobehavioral functions after co-exposure to ET. Moreover, there were significant increase in MDA and Nitrite level, significant decrease in the concentration of GSH and CAT and a significant increase TNF-α concentration and AChE activity after co-exposure to ET. Oral co-exposure to tartrazine and erythrosine induced decrease in locomotion and exploration, increase anxiety and depression-like behavior and altered the cholinergic system through upregulation of oxido-nitrosative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine and acetylcholinesterase activity.
PubMed: 34888423
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08454 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022Biochars from wood chips (WC) and corn cobs (CC) were prepared by slow pyrolysis and used for sorption separation of erythrosine B (EB) and thioflavin T (TT) in batch...
Biochars from wood chips (WC) and corn cobs (CC) were prepared by slow pyrolysis and used for sorption separation of erythrosine B (EB) and thioflavin T (TT) in batch experiments. Biochar-based adsorbents were extensively characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and XPS techniques. The kinetics studies revealed that adsorption on external surfaces was the rate-limiting step for the removal of TT on both WC and CC biochar, while intraparticle diffusion was the rate-limiting step for the adsorption of EB. Maximal experimental adsorption capacities of TT reached 182 ± 5 (WC) and 45 ± 2 mg g (CC), and EB 12.7 ± 0.9 (WC) and 1.5 ± 0.4 mg g (CC), respectively, thereby indicating a higher affinity of biochars for TT. The adsorption mechanism was found to be associated with π-π interaction, hydrogen bonding, and pore filling. Application of the innovative dynamic approach based on fast-field-cycling NMR relaxometry indicates that variations in the retention of water-soluble dyes could be explained by distinct water dynamics in the porous structures of WC and CC. The obtained results suggest that studied biochars will be more effective in adsorbing of cationic than anionic dyes from contaminated effluents.
PubMed: 35208031
DOI: 10.3390/ma15041492 -
Archives of Oral Biology Nov 2011The effect of erythrosine- and LED-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on planktonic cultures and biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis was evaluated....
The effect of erythrosine- and LED-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on planktonic cultures and biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis was evaluated. Planktonic cultures of standardized suspensions (10(6)cells/mL) of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were treated with erythrosine concentrations of 0.39-200 μM and LEDs in a 96-well microtiter plate. Biofilms formed by C. albicans and C. dubliniensis in the bottom of a 96-well microtiter plate were treated with 400 μM erythrosine and LEDs. After PDT, the biofilms were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial effect of PDT against planktonic cultures and biofilms was verified by counting colony-forming units (CFU/mL), and the data were submitted to analysis of variance and the Tukey test (P<0.05). C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were not detectable after PDT of planktonic cultures with erythrosine concentrations of 3.12 μM or higher. The CFU/mL values obtained from biofilms were reduced 0.74 log(10) for C. albicans and 0.21 log(10) for C. dubliniensis. SEM revealed a decrease in the quantity of yeasts and hyphae in the biofilm after PDT. In conclusion, C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were susceptible to erythrosine- and LED-mediated PDT, but the biofilms of both Candida species were more resistant than their planktonic counterparts.
Topics: Biofilms; Candida; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Oral; Colony Count, Microbial; Color; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Erythrosine; Fluorescent Dyes; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Photochemotherapy; Plankton; Semiconductors
PubMed: 21704304
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.05.013 -
Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 2024This in vitro study was conducted to assess the phototoxic effects of curcumin, nano-curcumin, and erythrosine on the viability of in suspension and biofilm forms....
This in vitro study was conducted to assess the phototoxic effects of curcumin, nano-curcumin, and erythrosine on the viability of in suspension and biofilm forms. Various concentrations of curcumin (1.5 g/L, 3 g/L), nano-curcumin (3 g/L), and erythrosine (100 μM/L, 250 μM/L) were examined for their impact on planktonic and biofilm cultures of , either individually or in conjunction with light irradiation (photodynamic therapy or PDT). A blue light-emitting diode (LED) with a central wavelength of 450 nm served as the light source. The results were compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) as the positive control, and a solution containing neither a photosensitizer (PS) nor a light source as the negative control group. The dependent variable was the number of viable microorganisms per experiment (CFU/mL). Antimicrobial PDT caused a significant reduction in the viability of in both planktonic and biofilm forms, compared to the negative control group (<0.05). The highest cell killing was observed in PDT groups with curcumin 3 g/L or erythrosine 250 μmol/L, although the difference with PDT groups using curcumin 1.5 g/L or erythrosine 100 μmol/L was not significant (>0.05). Antimicrobial treatments were more effective against planktonic S. mutans than the biofilm form. PDT with either curcumin 1.5 g/L or erythrosine 100 μmol/L may be suggested as an alternative to CHX to inactivate the bacteria in dental plaque or deep cavities. Nano-curcumin, at the selected concentration, exhibited lower efficacy in killing compared to Curcumin or erythrosine.
PubMed: 38655044
DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2024.07 -
Environment International Jul 2023The global health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in demand and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks, putting great...
The global health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in demand and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks, putting great pressure on social production and the environment.It is urgent to find an efficient and non-destructive disinfection method for the safe reuse of PPE. This study proposes a PPE disinfection method that uses erythrosine, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved food dye, as photosensitizer to produce singlet oxygen for virus inactivation, and indicates the completion of disinfection by its photobleaching color change.After spraying 100 μL of 10 μM erythrosine on the surface of the mask for 3 times and light exposure for 25 min, the titer of coronavirus decreased by more than 99.999%, and the color of erythrosine on the mask surface disappeared. In addition, the structure of the mask was intact and the filtration efficiency was maintained at > 95% after 10 cycles of erythrosine treatment.Therefore, this disinfection method can provide at least 10 cycles of reuse with the advantages of high safety and convenient, and the completion of disinfection can be indicated by its photobleaching, which is suitable for hospitals and daily life to reduce the consumption of PPE.
Topics: United States; Humans; COVID-19; Photosensitizing Agents; Erythrosine; Singlet Oxygen; Pandemics
PubMed: 37267731
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107994 -
Heliyon Mar 2021Erythrosine and tartrazine are one of the synthetic azo dye mostly consumed in food, drugs and other industrial compounds. This study was designed to investigate the...
Anxiogenic and memory impairment effect of food color exposure: upregulation of oxido-neuroinflammatory markers and acetyl-cholinestrase activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
Erythrosine and tartrazine are one of the synthetic azo dye mostly consumed in food, drugs and other industrial compounds. This study was designed to investigate the adverse effect of combine erythrosine and tartrazine on cognitive and neurobehavioral functions, pro-oxidants, endogenous antioxidants, cholinergic system and pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats. Erythrosine and tartrazine (2 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg, b.w., p.o, 50:50) was administered to rats (n = 6) for 6 weeks. Memory and neurobehavioral assessment using Novel object recognition test (NORT) and Elevated plus maze (EPM) and biochemical (pro-oxidants and anti-oxidant enzymes) and pro-inflammatory cytokine measurement from the brain sub regions namely, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were done at the end of treatment. The results showed (p < 0.05) significant decreased memory and neurobehavioral function, increased acetyl-cholinesterase and pro-oxidants activity (Malonaldehyde level and Nitrite), decreased endogenous anti-oxidants (Glutathione and Catalase) and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α). We suggested that the mechanism by which this oxidative and neuro-inflammatory damage and cholinergic system alteration occur might be related to the release of metabolite in fission of the azo dyes of the combined erythrosine and tartrazine administration in the animals. However, we concluded on these findings that erythrosine and tartrazine dyes significantly provoke the release of oxido-nitrergic and neuroinflammatory stress markers and also may incite acetyl-cholinesterase activities in different brain regions leading to memory and neurobehavioral impairment.
PubMed: 33748463
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06378 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021This study focuses on the role of photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. The photosensitizers were prepared in combinations of 110/220 µM erythrosine and/or 10/20...
This study focuses on the role of photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. The photosensitizers were prepared in combinations of 110/220 µM erythrosine and/or 10/20 µM demethoxy/bisdemethoxy curcumin with/without 10% () nano-titanium dioxide. Irradiation was performed with a dental blue light in the 395-480 nm wavelength range, with a power density of 3200 mW/cm and yield of 72 J/cm. The production of ROS and hydroxyl radical was investigated using an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer for each individual photosensitizer or in photosensitizer combinations. Subsequently, a PrestoBlue toxicity test of the gingival fibroblast cells was performed at 6 and 24 h on the eight highest ROS-generating photosensitizers containing curcumin derivatives and erythrosine 220 µM. Finally, the antifungal ability of 22 test photosensitizers, (ATCC 10231), were cultured in biofilm form at 37 °C for 48 h, then the colonies were counted in colony-forming units (CFU/mL) via the drop plate technique, and then the log reduction was calculated. The results showed that at 48 h the test photosensitizers could simultaneously produce both ROS types. All test photosensitizers demonstrated no toxicity on the fibroblast cells. In total, 18 test photosensitizers were able to inhibit similarly to nystatin. Conclusively, 20 µM bisdemethoxy curcumin + 220 µM erythrosine + 10% () nano-titanium dioxide exerted the highest inhibitory effect on .
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Antioxidants; Biofilms; Candida albicans; Curcumin; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Erythrosine; Fibroblasts; Gingiva; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Reactive Oxygen Species; Titanium
PubMed: 33919066
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092405 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2018The thermal and chemical-based methods applied for microbial control in the food industry are not always environmentally friendly and may change the nutritional and...
The thermal and chemical-based methods applied for microbial control in the food industry are not always environmentally friendly and may change the nutritional and organoleptic characteristics of the final products. Moreover, the efficacy of sanitizing agents may be reduced when microbial cells are enclosed in biofilms. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of photodynamic inactivation, using two xanthene dyes (rose bengal and erythrosine) as photosensitizing agents and green LED as a light source, against , , and in both planktonic and biofilm states. Both photosensitizing agents were able to control planktonic cells of all bacteria tested. The treatments altered the physicochemical properties of cells surface and also induced potassium leakage, indicating damage of cell membranes. Although higher concentrations of the photosensitizing agents (ranging from 0.01 to 50.0 μmol/L) were needed to be applied, the culturability of biofilm cells was reduced to undetectable levels. This finding was confirmed by the live/dead staining, where propidium iodide-labeled bacteria numbers reached up to 100%. The overall results demonstrated that photoinactivation by rose bengal and erythrosine may be a powerful candidate for the control of planktonic cells and biofilms in the food sector.
Topics: Bacteria; Biofilms; Cell Membrane; Disinfectants; Disinfection; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Erythrosine; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Light; Photosensitizing Agents; Potassium; Rose Bengal
PubMed: 30205468
DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092288 -
Current Microbiology Mar 2021Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is an attractive treatment modality for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. The effectiveness of photosensitization by anionic...
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is an attractive treatment modality for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. The effectiveness of photosensitization by anionic photosensitizers such as erythrosine B can be further enhanced by the addition of biological or chemical molecules. This study aimed to investigate of the enhancement effect of acetic acid and chitosan on erythrosine-mediated PDI of Acinetobacter baumannii in planktonic and biofilm forms. The planktonic cell growth of three A. baumannii strains was subjected to PDI by using erythrosine B (50 µM) in 0.01% acetic acid and green laser light (530 nm) at fluence of 40 J/cm. The phototoxic effect of erythrosine B (100 µM) in combination with chitosan (12.5 mg/ml) (in a solution of acetic acid) at fluence of 80 J/cm2 on biofilms was also evaluated. Finally, the cytotoxicity and phototoxicity of the mentioned mixture were assessed on human fibroblasts. Planktonic cells of all three studied A. baumannii strains were almost eradicated by erythrosine B-mediated PDI in the presence of acetic acid. Also, PDI combined with chitosan resulted in a marked decrease in the number of viable biofilm cells (> 3 log CFU). At the same experimental conditions, only 15% of the fibroblasts were photoinactivated. The results showed that PDI by using erythrosine B in acetic acid is very effective against A. baumannii planktonic cells and could eliminate them significantly. Also, chitosan enhanced the anti-biofilm efficacy of erythrosine B-mediated PDI against A. baumannii, suggesting that combination therapy may be useful in targeting biofilms.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Acinetobacter baumannii; Biofilms; Chitosan; Erythrosine; Humans; Photosensitizing Agents; Plankton
PubMed: 33512576
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02350-x