Did you mean: escherichia albert ii
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Microorganisms Apr 2022, a close relative of , is an emerging zoonotic foodborne pathogen associated with watery diarrhea mainly in children and immunocompromised individuals. was initially... (Review)
Review
, a close relative of , is an emerging zoonotic foodborne pathogen associated with watery diarrhea mainly in children and immunocompromised individuals. was initially classified as -positive , however, as more genetic and biochemical information became available it was reassigned to its current novel taxonomy. Its infections are common under conditions of poor hygiene with confirmed transmission via contaminated water and food, mainly poultry-based products. This pathogen has been isolated from various domestic and wild animals, with most isolates being derived from birds, implying that birds among other wild animals might act as its reservoir. Due to the absence of standardized isolation and identification protocols, can be misidentified as other . Exploiting phenotypes such as its inability to ferment rhamnose and xylose and PCR assays targeting -specific genes such as the cytolethal distending toxin and the DNA-binding transcriptional activator of cysteine biosynthesis encoding genes can be used to accurately identify this pathogen. Several gaps exist in our knowledge of and need to be bridged. A deeper understanding of epidemiology and physiology is required to allow the development of effective measures to control its transmission and infections. Overall, current data suggest that might play a more significant role in global infectious diarrhea cases than previously assumed and is often overlooked or misidentified. Therefore, simple, and efficient diagnostic tools that cover biodiversity are required for effective isolation and identification of this elusive agent of diarrhea.
PubMed: 35630320
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050875 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021is a recently recognized human enteropathogen that is closely related to . As sometimes causes outbreaks of gastroenteritis, rapid strain typing systems, such as the...
is a recently recognized human enteropathogen that is closely related to . As sometimes causes outbreaks of gastroenteritis, rapid strain typing systems, such as the O- and H-serotyping systems widely used for , will be useful for outbreak investigation and surveillance. Although an O-genotyping system has recently been developed, the diversity of H-antigens (flagellins) encoded by genes remains to be systematically investigated, and no H-serotyping or genotyping system is currently available. Here, we analyzed the genes of 243 genome-sequenced strains and identified 73 sequence types, which were grouped into four clearly distinguishable types designated H-genotypes 1-4 (EAHg1-EAHg4). Although there was a clear sign of intraspecies transfer of genes in , none of the four H-genotypes (EAHgs) were closely related to any of the 53 known H-antigens, indicating the absence or rare occurrence of interspecies transfer of genes between the two species. Although the analysis of more strains will be required to confirm the low level of variation in their genes, this finding suggests that may exist in limited natural hosts or environments and/or that the flagella of may function in a limited stage(s) in their life cycle. Based on the sequences of the four EAHgs, we developed a multiplex PCR-based H-genotyping system for (EAH-genotyping PCR), which will be useful for epidemiological studies of infections.
PubMed: 34790177
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.737979 -
Journal of Food Protection Jan 2022Escherichia albertii is an emerging foodborne pathogen. Owing to its distribution in river water, it is important to determine the presence of E. albertii in...
ABSTRACT
Escherichia albertii is an emerging foodborne pathogen. Owing to its distribution in river water, it is important to determine the presence of E. albertii in aquaculture-related foods. In this study, we investigated the distribution of E. albertii in retail oyster samples. A total of 427 raw oyster samples (385 Pacific oysters and 42 Japanese rock oysters) were enriched in modified Escherichia coli broth (mEC) or mEC supplemented with novobiocin (NmEC) at 42°C. The cultures were used for E. albertii-specific nested PCR assay, as well as for E. albertii isolation using deoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar (DHL), DHL supplemented with rhamnose and xylose, and MacConkey agar supplemented with rhamnose and xylose. The population of E. albertii in nested PCR-positive samples was determined using the most-probable-number (MPN) method. E. albertii isolates were subjected to biochemical and genetic characterization. E. albertii was detected in 5 (1.6%) of 315 Pacific oyster samples (one piece each), 2 (2.9%) of 70 Pacific oyster samples (25 g each), and 2 (4.8%) of 42 Japanese rock oyster samples procured from four geographically distinct regions. A total of 64 E. albertii strains were isolated from eight of the nine nested PCR assay-positive oyster samples, and the MPN value was under the detection limit (<3 MPN/10 g). A specific season or month for detecting E. albertii was not observed in this study, suggesting that the pathogen is present in seawater. All the E. albertii isolates, except one, were positive for the virulence factor eae, indicating that these isolates have the potential to infect humans.
Topics: Animals; Culture Media; Escherichia; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Ostreidae
PubMed: 34591074
DOI: 10.4315/JFP-21-222 -
Genes Jun 2023is a new enteropathogen of humans and animals. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and pathogenicity of strains isolated in northeastern Poland using...
is a new enteropathogen of humans and animals. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and pathogenicity of strains isolated in northeastern Poland using epidemiological and genomic studies. In 2015-2018, a total of 1154 fecal samples from children and adults, 497 bird droppings, 212 food samples, 92 water samples, and 500 lactose-negative strains were tested. A total of 42 strains were isolated. The PCR method was suitable for their rapid identification. In total, 33.3% of isolates were resistant to one antibiotic, and 16.7% to two. Isolates were sensitive to cefepime, imipenem, levofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and did not produce ESBL β-lactamases. High genetic variability of has been demonstrated. In the PFGE method, 90.5% of the strains had distinct pulsotypes. In MLST typing, 85.7% of strains were assigned distinct sequence types (STs), of which 64% were novel ST types. Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) and Paa toxin genes were found in 100% of isolates. Genes encoding toxins, IbeA, CdtB type 2, Tsh and Shiga (Stx2f), were found in 26.2%, 9.7%, 1.7%, and 0.4% of isolates, respectively. The chromosome size of the tested strains ranged from 4,573,338 to 5,141,010 bp (average 4,784,003 bp), and at least one plasmid was present in all strains. The study contributes to a more accurate assessment of the genetic diversity of and the potential threat it poses to public health.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Genome, Bacterial; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Computational Biology; Phylogeny
PubMed: 37510288
DOI: 10.3390/genes14071384 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Mar 2022Escherichia albertii is an emerging zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Several outbreaks of E. albertii have occurred, particularly in Japan. Although birds have been...
Escherichia albertii is an emerging zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Several outbreaks of E. albertii have occurred, particularly in Japan. Although birds have been considered as one of the most important reservoirs of this bacterium, information regarding its prevalence in birds is still scarce. We performed a survey of E. albertii in wild birds in Japan and examined the characteristics of these isolates. E. albertii-specific genes were detected in five cloacal swabs from 156 birds by PCR. Four E. albertii strains were isolated from a swallow with two different E. albertii strains and two pigeons in a flock using XRM-MacConkey agar. These isolates were assigned to biogroup 3, showed no resistance to any tested antimicrobials, and were classified into two EAO-genotypes (EAOg2 and EAOg33) and were untypable. Similar to clinical E. albertii strains, these isolates carried virulence genes, including eae (n = 4), paa (n = 4), Eccdt-I (n = 2), and stx2f (n = 1), as well as Eacdt. Furthermore, stx2f genes in a strain were located on an inducible bacteriophage, which can confer the ability to produce Stx2f in E. coli. In conclusion, Japanese wild birds carried E. albertii at levels similar to the reported prevalence in birds. These isolates may have the potential to cause gastroenteritis in humans.
Topics: Animals; Birds; Culture Media; Escherichia; Escherichia coli; Japan
PubMed: 34470969
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2021.355 -
Microbiological Research Sep 2022Escherichia albertii is an emerging enteric bacterial pathogen causing watery diarrhea, abdominal distension, vomiting and fever in humans. E. albertii has caused many...
Escherichia albertii is an emerging enteric bacterial pathogen causing watery diarrhea, abdominal distension, vomiting and fever in humans. E. albertii has caused many foodborne outbreaks in Japan and was also reported in other countries worldwide. However, the important animal reservoirs of this pathogen are still largely unknown, impeding us to combat this emerging pathogen. Recently, we reported that wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) and broiler chickens are significant reservoirs of E. albertii in Japan and the U.S., respectively. Here, we performed a longitudinal surveillance to monitor prevalence of E. albertii in wild raccoons in the U.S. and conducted comprehensive comparative analyses of the E. albertii of different origins. A total of 289 fecal swab samples were collected from wild raccoons in Tennessee and Kentucky in the U.S. (2018-2020). Approximately 26% (74/289) of the raccoons examined were PCR-positive for E. albertii and eventually 22 E. albertii isolates were obtained. PFGE analysis showed the U.S. raccoon E. albertii were phylogenetically distant even though the corresponding raccoons were captured from a small area. Unlike the high prevalence of multidrug resistance (83%) observed in previous chicken E. albertii survey, antibiotic resistance was rarely observed in all the U.S. raccoon and 22 Japan raccoon strains with only one Japan strain displaying multidrug resistance (2%). Whole genome sequencing of 54 diverse E. albertii strains and subsequent comparative genomics analysis revealed unique clusters that displayed close evolutionary relationships and similar virulence gene profiles among the strains of different origins in terms of geographical locations (e.g., U.S. and Japan) and hosts (raccoon, chicken, swine, and human). Challenge experiment demonstrated raccoon E. albertii strains could successfully colonize in the chicken intestine at 3 and 8 days postinfection. A pilot environmental survey further showed all the four tested water samples from Tennessee river were E. albertii-positive; two different E. albertii strains, isolated from a single water sample, showed close relationships to those of human origin. Together, the findings from this study provide new insights into the ecology, evolution, and pathobiology of E. albertii, and underscore the need to control the emerging E. albertii in a complex ecosystem using One Health approach.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Ecosystem; Escherichia; Humans; Raccoons; Swine; United States; Water
PubMed: 35803059
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127109 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022is an emerging zoonotic foodborne enteropathogen leading to human gastroenteritis outbreaks. Although has been isolated from birds which have been considered as the...
is an emerging zoonotic foodborne enteropathogen leading to human gastroenteritis outbreaks. Although has been isolated from birds which have been considered as the potential reservoirs of this bacterium, its prevalence in migratory birds has rarely been described. In this study, in migratory birds from Poyang Lake was investigated and characterized using whole genome sequencing. Eighty-one fecal samples from nine species of migratory birds were collected and 24/81 (29.6%) tested PCR-positive for -specific genes. A total of 47 isolates was recovered from 18 out of 24 PCR-positive samples. All isolates carried and genes. These isolates were classified into eight O-genotypes (EAOgs) (including three novel EAOgs) and three H-genotypes (EAHgs). Whole genome phylogeny separated migratory bird-derived isolates into different lineages, some isolates in this study were phylogenetically closely grouped with poultry-derived or patient-derived strains. Our findings showed that migratory birds may serve as an important reservoir for heterogeneous , thereby acting as potential transmission vehicles of to humans.
PubMed: 36678357
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010009 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Apr 2023Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a group of bacterial pathogens that causes life-threatening diarrhea in children in developing countries. However, there is...
BACKGROUND
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a group of bacterial pathogens that causes life-threatening diarrhea in children in developing countries. However, there is limited information on the characteristics of DEC isolated from patients in these countries. A detailed genomic analysis of 61 DEC-like isolates from infants with diarrhea was performed to clarify and share the characteristics of DEC prevalent in Vietnam.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
DEC was classified into 57 strains, including 33 enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (54.1%), 20 enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (32.8%), two enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) (3.3%), one enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and one ETEC/EIEC hybrid (1.6% each), and surprisingly into four Escherichia albertii strains (6.6%). Furthermore, several epidemic DEC clones showed an uncommon combination of pathotypes and serotypes, such as EAEC Og130:Hg27, EAEC OgGp9:Hg18, EAEC OgX13:H27, EPEC OgGp7:Hg16, and E. albertii EAOg1:HgUT. Genomic analysis also revealed the presence of various genes and mutations associated with antibiotic resistance in many isolates. Strains that demonstrate potential resistance to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, drugs recommended for treating childhood diarrhea, accounted for 65.6% and 41%, respectively.
SIGNIFICANCE
Our finding indicate that the routine use of these antibiotics has selected resistant DECs, resulting in a situation where these drugs do not provide in therapeutic effects for some patients. Bridging this gap requires continuous investigations and information sharing regarding the type and distribution of endemic DEC and E. albertii and their antibiotic resistance in different countries.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Escherichia coli Infections; Vietnam; Diarrhea; Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; Genomics
PubMed: 37014918
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011259 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2018is an emerging member of the causing human and animal enteric infections. Antimicrobial resistance among enteropathogens has been reported to be increasing in the past...
is an emerging member of the causing human and animal enteric infections. Antimicrobial resistance among enteropathogens has been reported to be increasing in the past years. The purpose of this study was to investigate antibiotic resistance and resistance genes in isolated from Zigong city, Sichuan province, China. The susceptibility to 21 antimicrobial agents was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The highest prevalence was tetracycline resistance with a rate of 62.7%, followed by resistance to nalidixic acid and streptomycin with a rate of 56.9 and 51.0%, respectively. All isolates were sensitive or intermediate susceptible to imipenem, meropenem, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and levofloxacin. Among 51 isolates, 15 were extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing as confirmed by the double disk test. The main β-lactamase gene groups, i.e., , , and , were detected in17, 20, and 22 isolates, respectively. Furthermore, four colistin-resistant isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 8 mg/L were identified. The colistin-resistant isolates all harbored and . Genome sequencing showed that strain SP140150 carried and in two different plasmids. This study provided significant information regarding antibiotic resistance profiles and identified the co-occurrence of β-lactamase and MCR-1 encoding genes in isolates.
PubMed: 29503643
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00258 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Sep 2022Escherichia albertii has recently been recognized as a zoonotic enteropathogen associated with food poisoning. The reservoirs and transmission routes of this bacterium...
Escherichia albertii has recently been recognized as a zoonotic enteropathogen associated with food poisoning. The reservoirs and transmission routes of this bacterium to humans are still unclear. In this study, we performed a survey of E. albertii in fecal specimens of wild and safeguarded animals in Okayama Prefecture and its prefectural borders, Japan to understand its reservoir in the environment. Forty-two E. albertii were isolated from 10 and 31 droppings of 59 crows and 125 starlings, respectively. Fifty-two E. albertii were isolated from 906 mammal droppings, and out of 52 isolates, origin of 33, 6 and 1 isolates were from martens, foxes, and rabbit, respectively, however, origin of 12 isolates remained unknown. Three E. albertii were isolated from two and one feces of 159 dogs and 76 cats, respectively. Pulsed-filed gel electrophoresis analysis grouped 97 E. albertii strains into 66 pulsotypes including 36 and 30 pulsotypes of isolates from mammals and birds, respectively. E. albertii strains isolated in this study were genetically diverse. Although clonal relationship was not observed between mammal and bird isolates, there were intra- and inter-species relationship in mammalian isolates. All E. albertii strains were positive for eae and Eacdt virulence genes. Furthermore, 20 and 7 strains also carried Eccdt-I and stx2f genes, respectively. Taken together, the results indicate that genetically diverse and potentially virulent E. albertii are distributed among various wild and safeguarded animals in Okayama Prefecture, and the animals could also be reservoirs of E. albertii.
Topics: Animals; Birds; Dogs; Escherichia; Feces; Humans; Japan; Mammals; Rabbits
PubMed: 35896346
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0213