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Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2022A total of 1,400 samples of food animals (pigs, chickens, and ducks) were collected between July and September 2019 in China to uncover the prevalence of and its...
A total of 1,400 samples of food animals (pigs, chickens, and ducks) were collected between July and September 2019 in China to uncover the prevalence of and its potential role in the evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). An isolation of was performed and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to uncover the genetic relationship. The AMR of isolates was comprehensively characterized using broth microdilution-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing, S1-PFGE, southern hybridization, whole-genome sequencing, and in-depth bioinformatics analysis. As a result, a total of 133 isolates were obtained. These isolates could be grouped into 41 PFGE subclades, suggesting a diverse genetic relationship. The resistance phenotypes of sulfafurazole (97.74%) and tetracycline (94.74%) were the most frequently found. Of the isolates, 51.88% were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive. Forty-three different AMR genes were revealed based on 25 genome sequences harboring Briefly, (6), (3'') and (A) genes were the most frequently observed, with the highest rate being 76.00% (19/25). Three -harboring plasmids were identified after Nanopore sequencing, including pTB31P1 (IncHI2-IncHI2A, 184,652 bp), pTB44P3 (IncI2, 62,882 bp), and pTB91P1 (IncHI2-IncHI2A, 255,882 bp). Additionally, 25 isolates harboring were clustered together with other isolates from different regions and sources available in GenBank, suggesting a possible random process of transmission in . In conclusion, is widespread in food animals in China and might be an important reservoir of AMR genes, especially and facilitate the evolution of AMR. , a member of the genus Escherichia, has been reported to transmit via the food chain and cause diseases in humans. However, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant , especially -positive isolates, has rarely been reported. Here, we collected 1,400 samples from food animals in three provinces of China and obtained 133 isolates (9.5%). We found that the prevalence of isolates was diverse, with high levels of antimicrobial resistance. Among them, 18.8% isolates carried the colistin resistance gene . Thus, may facilitate the evolution of colistin resistance as a reservoir of As far as we know, the prevalence and AMR of in the food animals in this study was first reported in China. These findings increase our understanding of the role of in public health and the evolution of antibiotic resistance.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chickens; China; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Ducks; Escherichia; Escherichia coli Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; Sulfisoxazole; Swine; Tetracycline
PubMed: 35138151
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01617-21 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Aug 2014The aim of this study was to characterize Escherichia fergusonii and Escherichia albertii isolated from water.
AIMS
The aim of this study was to characterize Escherichia fergusonii and Escherichia albertii isolated from water.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The characterization of E. fergusonii and E. albertii isolated from water was determined using an Escherichia coli-specific uidA PCR, a tuf PCR, and with phylogenetic analysis using three housekeeping genes (adk, gyrB, and recA) from the E. coli MLST scheme, selected for their ability to discriminate among all Escherichia species. Among the 527 isolates tested, 25 (4·7%) were uidA PCR negative and tuf PCR positive. Phylogenetic analysis using adk, gyrB and recA genes showed that 6, 18 and 1 of these 25 non-E. coli Escherichia spp. isolates grouped with reference strains of E. fergusonii, E. albertii, and E. coli, respectively. Finally, the 25 non-E. coli Escherichia spp. strains isolated were investigated for the presence of pathogenic factors, comprising intimin (eae gene), cytolethal distending toxin (cdtB gene) and shiga toxin (stx gene). With the PCR primers used, the presence of eae and stx genes was not detected. However, cdtB genes types I/IV were detected for 3 (16·7%) E. albertii strains, whereas 15 of 18 (83·3%) possessed the cdtB gene types II/III/V.
CONCLUSIONS
These results showed that MLST scheme allows a more accurate identification of non-E. coli species than phenotypic tests. We also showed that E. fergusonii and E. albertii represent, respectively, 0·8 and 2·5% of all Escherichia species isolated and the pathogenic cdtB genes were present in 83·3% of these strains.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
The data presented in this study provided an efficient way to correctly identify non-E. coli species contributing to our understanding of the risks associated with Escherichia species in water consumed by humans and animals. Furthermore, the results give an insight about the natural habitats of these species.
Topics: Animals; Escherichia; Escherichia coli; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 24849008
DOI: 10.1111/jam.12551 -
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity May 2024Gut microbiota communicates bidirectionally with the brain through the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems of the gut. In our preliminary study, the fecal microbiota...
Gut microbiota communicates bidirectionally with the brain through the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems of the gut. In our preliminary study, the fecal microbiota of volunteers with mild cognitive impairment (Fmci) exhibited a higher abundance of Escherichia fergusonii (NK2001), Veillonella infantium (NK2002), and Enterococcus faecium (NK2003) populations compared with those of healthy volunteers. Therefore, we examined the effects of Fmci, NK2001 (gram-negative), NK2002 (gram-negative-like), and NK2003 (gram-positive) on cognitive impairment-like behavior, neuroinflammation, and colitis in mice with or without antibiotics. Fmci transplantation increased cognitive impairment-like behavior, hippocampal tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression, and the size of toll-like receptor (TLR)4Iba1, TLR2Iba1, and NF-κBIba1 cell populations independent of antibiotic treatment. Oral gavage of NK2001, NK2002, or NK2003, which induced TNF-α expression in Caco-2 cells, significantly increased cognitive impairment-like behavior and hippocampal TNF-α expression and Iba1-positive cell populations and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in mice. Celiac vagotomy significantly decreased NK2001- or NK2002-induced cognitive impairment-like behavior and hippocampal Iba1 cell population and TNF-α expression and increased NK2001- or NK2002-suppressed hippocampal BDNF expression. However, NK2003-induced cognitive impairment-like behavior and hippocampal Iba1 cell population and TNF-α expression were partially, but not significantly, attenuated by celiac vagotomy. Furthermore, celiac vagotomy did not affect NK2001-, NK2002-, or NK2003-induced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in the blood and feces and TNF-α expression and NF-κB-positive cell population in the colon. In conclusion, LPS-producing NK2001 and NK2002 and LPS-nonproducing NK2003 may induce NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammation through the translocation of byproducts such as LPS and peptidoglycan into the brain through gut-blood/vagus nerve-brain and gut-blood-brain pathways, respectively, resulting in cognitive impairment.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Lipopolysaccharides; NF-kappa B; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Caco-2 Cells; Cognitive Dysfunction; Vagus Nerve; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Escherichia; Veillonella
PubMed: 38428648
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.031 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jun 2021Poultry originated Escherichia fergusonii (POEF), an emerging bacterial pathogen, causes a wide range of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in the poultry...
Poultry originated Escherichia fergusonii (POEF), an emerging bacterial pathogen, causes a wide range of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in the poultry industry which incurred significant economic losses worldwide. Chromosomal co-existence of antibiotics and metal resistance genes has recently been the focal point of POEF isolates besides its pathogenic potentials. This study reports the complete genome analysis of POEF strain OTSVEF-60 from the poultry originated samples of Bangladesh. The assembled draft genome of the strain was 4.2 Mbp containing 4503 coding sequences, 120 RNA (rRNA = 34, tRNA = 79, ncRNA = 7), and three intact phage signature regions. Forty-one broad range antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including dfrA12, qnrS1, bla, aadA2, tet(A), and sul-2 along with multiple efflux pump genes were detected, which translated to phenotypic resistant patterns of the pathogen to trimethoprim, fluoroquinolones, β-lactams, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and sulfonamides. Moreover, 22 metal resistance genes were found co-existing within the genome of the POEF strain, and numerous virulence genes (VGs) coding for cit (AB), feo (AB), fep (ABCG), csg (ABCDEFG), fliC, ompA, gadA, ecpD, etc. were also identified throughout the genome. In addition, we detected a class I integron gene cassette harboring dfrA12, ant (3″)-I, and qacEΔ-sul2 genes; 42 copies of insertion sequence (IS) elements; and two CRISPR arrays. The genomic functional analysis predicted several metabolic pathways related to motility, flagellar assembly, epithelial cell invasion, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and biosynthesis of vitamin, co-factors, and secondary metabolites. We herein for the first time detected multiple ARGs, VGs, mobile genetic elements, and some metabolic functional genes in the complete genome of POEF strain OTSVEF-60, which might be associated with the pathogenesis, spreading of ARGs and VGs, and subsequent treatment failure against this emerging avian pathogen with currently available antimicrobials.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; CRISPR-Cas Systems; DNA Transposable Elements; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia; Genome, Bacterial; Genotype; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Poultry; Prophages; Virulence
PubMed: 33591555
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00441-2 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jan 2023Escherichia fergusonii is a rare opportunistic pathogen in humans and animals, especially with biofilm. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Escherichia fergusonii is a rare opportunistic pathogen in humans and animals, especially with biofilm.
METHODS
In one case, E. fergusonii with biofilm was detected in the bile, and silver staining was used to prove it had biofilm. The clinical characteristics and drug susceptibility of eight cases of E. fergusonii retrieved from the literature were also summarized.
RESULTS
This is a case of E. fergusonii with biofilm, which has not been reported in China. The 8 cases retrieved from the literature did not specify whether they had biofilm, but we analyzed their clinical characteristics and drug susceptibility. All patients were treated with antimicrobial drugs. 8 cases showed sensitivity to piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem in 6 cases (75%), but poor sensitivity to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.
CONCLUSION
The silver staining method proved biofilm in this case, which is the first case of E. fergusonii with biofilm in China.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia; Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 36670360
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-07985-8 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023Genotypically, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly differentiates between species. However, species delineation between and is much more difficult and cannot be...
Genotypically, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly differentiates between species. However, species delineation between and is much more difficult and cannot be distinguished by 16S rRNA gene sequences alone. Hence, in this study, we attempted to differentiate and isolated from faecal samples of disease-associated Korean individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)/ischemic colitis (IC) and test the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated strains. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the adenylate kinase ( housekeeping gene from the multi locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme. Antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all disease-associated strains in addition to healthy control isolates to 14 antibiotics were determined by broth microdilution-based technique. Next, 83 isolates from 11 disease-associated faecal samples were identified as using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis using the gene from MLST scheme revealed that most of the strains (94%) were . A total of 58 resistance patterns were obtained from 83 strains of disease-associated (IBD/IC) isolates. All isolates were resistant to at least one tested antimicrobial agent, with the highest resistance against erythromycin (88.0%), ampicillin (86.7%), ciprofloxacin (73.5%), cephalothin (72.3%), gentamicin (59%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (53%), cefotaxime (49.4%), and ceftriaxone (48.2%). A total of 90.7% of isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producers among the resistant strains to third-generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime or ceftriaxone). ESBL-producing isolates from patients with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and ischemic colitis (IC) were 92.3%, 82.4%, and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, -based phylogenetic analysis may be the most accurate method for distinguishing and from genus. We identified four loci in gene sequences which makes it easier to discriminate between and . Additionally, we believe that gut colonization by multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing may play a significant role in IBD/IC pathogenesis.
PubMed: 36671355
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010154 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2023Escherichia fergusonii strains have been isolated from patients with diarrhea, but their virulence determinant has not been well elucidated. Here, we report the first...
Escherichia fergusonii strains have been isolated from patients with diarrhea, but their virulence determinant has not been well elucidated. Here, we report the first isolation of a heat-labile enterotoxin 1 (LT1)-producing E. fergusonii strain (strain 30038) from a patient in Japan. The complete genome sequence of strain 30038 was determined and subjected to comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses with 195 publicly available genomes of . In addition to strain 30038, the gene was also identified in an strain that is phylogenetically distinct and which was isolated from poultry in the United Kingdom. Fine genomic comparison revealed that these two strains share comparable -bearing plasmids. However, an intriguing distinction arises in strain 30038, wherein the plasmid has integrated into the chromosome via a recombination process mediated by an insertion sequence. The production of active LT1 toxin by strain 30038 was verified through an assay using cultured cells. A large plasmid carrying 11 antimicrobial resistance genes was also identified in strain 30038. Our results indicate that extensive surveillance of -positive strains as diarrheagenic pathogens is needed. Escherichia fergusonii, a species closely related to Escherichia coli, is known to cause sporadic conditions in humans, including diarrhea. However, the critical virulence factors in clinical isolates remain to be identified. This study shows the first isolation of an strain carrying the gene, which encodes heat-labile enterotoxin 1, from a patient with diarrhea. Our analysis of public databases also revealed the presence of -positive strains isolated from poultry in the United Kingdom. Interestingly, while the gene in the poultry isolate was present on a large plasmid, in the human isolate it was integrated into the chromosome, which may confer stability on the -carrying genetic element. Our findings highlight the need for extensive surveillance of -positive strains in livestock animals.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Enterotoxins; Phylogeny; Hot Temperature; Escherichia coli; Plasmids; Escherichia coli Infections; Genomics; Diarrhea; Virulence Factors; Poultry
PubMed: 37432125
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00491-23 -
The Journal of International Medical... Apr 2023We report the case of a 68-year-old man who experienced bacteremia after esophageal cancer surgery. The patient presented with complaints of abdominal pain persisting... (Review)
Review
We report the case of a 68-year-old man who experienced bacteremia after esophageal cancer surgery. The patient presented with complaints of abdominal pain persisting for 1 week. The patient was diagnosed with esophageal malignancy, which was confirmed by surgical exploration and pathological biopsy. The patient developed septic shock on postoperative day 12, and blood culture suggested the growth of . After treatment with meropenem, the patient's clinical symptoms improved significantly, and the second culture was negative. In this paper, we discuss the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of is rarely reported, and its pathogenesis, drug resistance, and potential effects have not been completely confirmed. Thus, this case report adds valuable knowledge to the literature on .
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Esophagectomy; Escherichia; Bacteremia
PubMed: 37038916
DOI: 10.1177/03000605231167316 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022The prevalence and transmission of mobile colistin resistance () genes have led to a severe threat to humans and animals. is an emerging pathogen which is closely...
The prevalence and transmission of mobile colistin resistance () genes have led to a severe threat to humans and animals. is an emerging pathogen which is closely related to a variety of diseases. However, the report of genes harboring is still rare. One study in Brazil reported the isolates with IncHI2-type plasmids harboring . A Chinese study reported two strains carrying gene with the same plasmid type IncI2. Here, we identified two strains of carrying gene from farm environments with IncX4-type and IncI2-type plasmids, respectively. To our best knowledge, this is the first report about gene located on IncX4-type plasmid in . We investigate the resistance mechanism of colistin-resistant strains 6S41-1 and 5ZF15-2-1 and elucidate the genetic context of plasmids carrying genes. In addition, we also investigated chromosomal mutations mediated colistin resistance in these two strains. Species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The detection of gene was determined by PCR and Sanger sequencing. S1-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), Southern blotting, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation experiments, complete genome sequencing, and core genome analysis were conducted to investigate the characteristics of isolates harboring . The genes on two strains were both plasmids encoded and the typical IS--- cassette was identified in p6S41-1 while a -- locus sites on the conjugative plasmid p5ZF15-2-1. In addition, Core genome analysis reveals that 6S41-1 and 5ZF15-2-1 have close genetic relationships. The gene is located on conjugative IncI2-type plasmid p5ZF15-2-1, which provides support for its further transmission. In addition, there's the possibility of spreading to humans through farm environments and thereby threatening public health. Therefore, continuous monitoring and investigations of among in farm environments are necessary to control the spread.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Farms; Genomics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35719362
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.774494 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases May 2023In 2012, Escherichia fergusonii harboring a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) was isolated from healthy chickens in South Korea. However, little is known regarding the...
In 2012, Escherichia fergusonii harboring a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) was isolated from healthy chickens in South Korea. However, little is known regarding the prevalence, spread, and pathogenicity of these strains in humans and animals. This study aimed to understand the public health threats, such as the distribution, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic diversity of E. fergusonii carrying LTs. E. fergusonii containing LT was isolated from 15.0% (52/346) of chicken fecal samples from all three tested chicken farms but not from 360 pig fecal samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that over 75% of strains were resistant to ampicillin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, or tetracycline; additionally, 71.2% (37/52) of strains were resistant to all five of these antimicrobials. The 52 strains were clustered into eight pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types, with types V and type VI accounting for 84.6% (44/52). In the present study, multiple chicken farms harbored E. fergusonii with similar antimicrobial resistance patterns and genetic clonality. Since the pathogenicity of LT-bearing E. fergusonii in humans and animals, such as food poisoning and sporadic diarrhea via meat, the transmission of the strains, and the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes are unknown, additional research is required.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Swine; Chickens; Enterotoxins; Japan; Hot Temperature; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 36724935
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2022.625