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Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Jan 2019is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae, first described in 1982 and reclassified as a distinct species in the genus after identifying biochemical and genomic... (Review)
Review
is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae, first described in 1982 and reclassified as a distinct species in the genus after identifying biochemical and genomic differences from It is a rare cause of human infections and is supposed to be a co-infector rather than an autonomous cause of infection. The aim of this systematic review was to record and evaluate all available evidence regarding human infections by . A systematic review of PubMed (through 21 December 2018) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological information, as well as treatment data and outcomes of infections was performed. A total of 16 studies, containing data of 17 patients, were eventually included in the analysis. The most common infections were bacteremias, urinary tract, and central nervous system infections. The complication rate, like the occurrence of sepsis, was high. Cephalosporins and aminoglycosides were the most common agents used for treatment. This systematic review describes bacterial infections by and provides information on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, antibiotic resistance, treatment, and outcomes associated with these infections.
PubMed: 30669559
DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4010017 -
IDCases 2018Since its identification as a unique species in 1982, has been implicated as a pathogenic organism in very few cases of human disease. Our report discusses a case of...
Since its identification as a unique species in 1982, has been implicated as a pathogenic organism in very few cases of human disease. Our report discusses a case of bacteremia with identified by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and RapID ONE analysis in a patient getting TPN through a peripherally-inserted CVC (PICC). The PICC was removed. The bloodstream infection was successfully treated with empiric piperacillin-tazobactam, which was then narrowed to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole based on sensitivity data for a 14 day course of antimicrobial therapy. 's association with bloodstream infection in patients with central venous catheters supports data implicating biofilm formation as a key pathogenic feature of . Of the 9 previous cases of infection reviewed in the literature, 4 cases occurred in immunocompromised hosts, 2 were associated with trauma or injection, 2 were associated with central lines, and only one case had no identifiable risk factor. appears to act as an opportunistic pathogen, causing disease in an immunocompromised host or through a central access catheter, injection, or trauma. likely causes catheter-related bloodstream infections in these hosts through biofilm formation, demonstrating the importance of catheter removal in addition to antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of these infections.
PubMed: 30181953
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00444 -
The Open Microbiology Journal 2016Escherichia hermannii is an extremely rare etiological agent of invasive infection, and thus, the bacterium was initially considered non-pathogenic. However, in five...
Escherichia hermannii is an extremely rare etiological agent of invasive infection, and thus, the bacterium was initially considered non-pathogenic. However, in five previously reported case reports E. hermannii has been implicated as the sole pathogen. Our case report describes blood stream infection with E. hermannii in a haemodialysis patient with persisting symptoms, high fever and inflammatory markers despite appropriate antibiotic treatment until replacement of the dialysis catheter. We suspect biofilm formation to be a crucial pathogenic feature for E. hermannii in the maintenance of an infection, which stresses the necessity of antibiotic treatment along with catheter replacement in bloodstream- and catheter-related infection with E. hermannii.
PubMed: 27006723
DOI: 10.2174/1874285801610010001 -
Microbiology and Immunology May 2016Multilocus sequence analysis based on hypervariable housekeeping proteins was utilized to differentiate closely related species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Of 150...
Phylogenetics of family Enterobacteriaceae and proposal to reclassify Escherichia hermannii and Salmonella subterranea as Atlantibacter hermannii and Atlantibacter subterranea gen. nov., comb. nov.
Multilocus sequence analysis based on hypervariable housekeeping proteins was utilized to differentiate closely related species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Of 150 housekeeping proteins, the top 10 hypervariable proteins were selected and concatenated to obtain distance data. Distances between concatenated proteins within the family were 0.9-41.2%, whereas the 16S rRNA and atpD-gyrB-infB-rpoB concatenated sequence (4MLSA) distances were 0.8-6.0% and 0.9-22.1%, respectively. These data indicate that phylogenetic analysis by concatenation of hypervariable proteins is a powerful tool for discriminating species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. To confirm the discriminatory power of the 10 chosen concatenated hypervariable proteins (C10HKP), phylogenetic trees based on C10HKP, 4MLSA, and the 16S rRNA gene were constructed. Comparison of average bootstrap values among C10HKP, 4MLSA and 16S rRNA genes indicated that the C10HKP tree was the most reliable. Location via the C10HKP tree was consistent with existing assignments for almost all species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. However, the C10HKP tree suggested that several species (including Enterobacter massiliensis, Escherichia vulneris, Escherichia hermannii, and Salmonella subterranea) should be reassigned to different clusters than those defined in previous analyses. Furthermore, E. hermannii and S. subterranea appeared to fall onto a branch independent from those occupied by the other Enterobacteriaceae. Therefore, we propose Atlantibacter gen. nov., such that E. hermannii and S. subterranea would be transferred to genus Atlantibacter as Atlantibacter hermannii, comb. nov. and Atlantibacter subterranea. comb. nov., respectively.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Cluster Analysis; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Enterobacteriaceae; Genes, Essential; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 26970508
DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12374 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Apr 1982DNA relatedness was used to define the biochemical boundaries of Escherichia coli. A large number of biochemically atypical strains were shown to belong to biogroups of...
DNA relatedness was used to define the biochemical boundaries of Escherichia coli. A large number of biochemically atypical strains were shown to belong to biogroups of E. coli. These included strains negative in reactions for indole, all three decarboxylases, D-mannitol, lactose, or methyl red and strains positive in reactions for H2S, urea, citrate, KCN, adonitol, myo-inositol, or phenylalanine deaminase. Frequency and source data are presented for these atypical E. coli biogroups. One group of KCN-positive, cellobiose-positive, yellow-pigmented strains was 84 to 91% interrelated but only 35 to 45% related to E. coli. The name Escherichia hermannii sp. nov. is proposed for this group of organisms that was formerly called Enteric Group 11 by the Enteric Section, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA. Twenty-nine strains of E. hermannii have been isolated in the United States from a variety of clinical sources, principally wounds, sputum, and stools. Three additional strains were isolated from food. E. hermannii strains are gram-negative, oxidase-negative, fermentative, motile rods. In addition to yellow pigment and positive KCN and cellobiose tests, the biochemical reactions characteristic of 32 strains of E. hermannii were as follows: gas from D-glucose, acid from D-glucose, maltose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, and D-mannitol; no acid from adonitol or inositol; variable acid production from lactose and sucrose; positive tests for indole, methyl red, and mucate; negative tests for Voges-Proskauer. Simmons citrate, H2S, urea, phenylalanine deaminase, and gelatin hydrolysis; negative or delayed test for L-lysine decarboxylase and negative test for L-arginine dihydrolase; and positive test for ornithine decarboxylase. E. hermannii strains were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, and carbenicillin and sensitive to other commonly used antibiotics. Wounds account for almost 50% of human isolates of E. hermannii, followed by sputum or lung isolates (ca. 25%) and stool isolates (20%).
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Base Composition; Cytosine; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Female; Guanine; Humans; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Terminology as Topic; Wound Infection
PubMed: 7040466
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.15.4.703-713.1982 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 1985In this report we present clinical descriptions of 12 Hawaiian patients from whom Escherichia vulneris or E. hermannii strains were isolated. All but two patients had...
In this report we present clinical descriptions of 12 Hawaiian patients from whom Escherichia vulneris or E. hermannii strains were isolated. All but two patients had soft-tissue infections with multiple bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus. The other two had purulent conjunctivitis associated with S. aureus and infected malignant peritonitis with multiple organisms, respectively. In none of the cases were the Escherichia spp. found in abundant quantities or considered pathogenic. In preliminary animal pathogenicity studies, 12 strains each of E. vulneris and E. hermannii failed to cause serious symptoms in 4-week-old mice when 10(7) cells were injected intraperitoneally. When 10(6) cells were used, none of these bacterial strains injected into mouse soft tissue was capable of producing persistent wound infections. Susceptibility studies of 40 strains of these bacteria to 20 different antimicrobial agents showed that they were susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins as well as to most other cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; these strains were only marginally susceptible or resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and nitrofurantoin.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Escherichia; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Hawaii; Humans; Infant; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Species Specificity; Wound Infection
PubMed: 3897270
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.22.2.283-285.1985 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021The differential expression of VIM-1 in WEB-2 and ssp. WEB-1 clinical isolates from a rectal swab of a hospitalized patient in France was investigated. WEB-2 was...
The differential expression of VIM-1 in WEB-2 and ssp. WEB-1 clinical isolates from a rectal swab of a hospitalized patient in France was investigated. WEB-2 was resistant to all β-lactams except carbapenems. It produced ESBL SHV-12, but the Carba NP test failed to detect any carbapenemase activity despite the production of VIM-1. Conversely, WEB-1, previously recovered from the same patient, was positive for the detection of carbapenemase activity. The gene was located on a plasmid and embedded within class 1 integron. Both plasmids were of the same IncA incompatibility group and conferred the same resistance pattern when electroporated in TOP10 or CIP7933. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments indicated a weaker replication of pWEB-2 in as compared to . An isogenic mutant of WEB-2 selected after sequential passages with increased concentrations of imipenem possessed higher MICs for carbapenems and cephalosporins including cefiderocol, higher levels of the gene transcripts, and detectable carbapenemase activity using the Carba NP test. Assessment of read coverage demonstrated that a duplication of the region surrounding gene occurred in the mutant with detectable carbapenemase activity. The lack of detection of the VIM-1 carbapenemase activity in WEB-2 isolate was likely due to a weak replication of the IncA plasmid harboring the gene. Imipenem as selective pressure led to a duplication of this gene on the plasmid and to the restoration of a significant carbapenem-hydrolyzing phenotype.
PubMed: 34987484
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.741972 -
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology Aug 2010Escherichia hermannii, formerly classified as enteric group 11 of Escherichia coli, is considered to be nonpathogenic. In this report, we described some of the...
Escherichia hermannii, formerly classified as enteric group 11 of Escherichia coli, is considered to be nonpathogenic. In this report, we described some of the pathogenic properties of a viscous material-producing E. hermannii strain YS-11, which was clinically isolated from a persistent apical periodontitis lesion. YS-11 possessed cell surface-associated meshwork-like structures that are found in some biofilm-forming bacteria and its viscous materials contained mannose-rich exopolysaccharides. To further examine the biological effect of the extracellular viscous materials and the meshwork structures, we constructed a number of mutants using transposon mutagenesis. Strain 455, which has a transposon inserted into wzt, a gene that encodes an ATP-binding cassette transporter, lacked the expression of the cell surface-associated meshwork structures and the ability to produce extracellular materials. Complementation of the disrupted wzt in strain 455 with an intact wzt resulted in the restoration of these phenotypes. We also compared these strains in terms of their ability to induce abscess formation in mice as an indication of their pathogenicity. Strains with meshwork-like structures induced greater abscesses than those induced by strains that lacked such structures. These results suggest that the ability to produce mannose-rich exopolysaccharides and to form meshwork-like structures on E. hermannii might contribute to its pathogenicity.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Abscess; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; DNA Transposable Elements; DNA, Bacterial; Disease Models, Animal; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia; Gene Deletion; Humans; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Periapical Periodontitis; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Virulence
PubMed: 20553325
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2010.00700.x -
Infection and Immunity May 1990Clinical isolates of Escherichia hermannii which showed serological cross-reaction with polyclonal antisera to the O-polysaccharide portion of the lipopolysaccharide of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Clinical isolates of Escherichia hermannii which showed serological cross-reaction with polyclonal antisera to the O-polysaccharide portion of the lipopolysaccharide of E. coli O157 strains and with antisera to the O antigens of Brucella abortus and B. melitensis were found by chemical and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses to have lipopolysaccharide O chains composed of linear polymers containing 1,2- and 1,3-linked 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl (alpha-D-Rhap4NAc) residues. Two O-antigen structures were identified; each had an unbranched pentasaccharide repeating unit, and one was composed of three 1,2- and two 1,3-linked alpha-D-Rhap4NAc residues and the other had two 1,2- and three 1,3-linked alpha-D-Rhap4NAc residues. The above-described cross-serological reactivities, which have led to false-positive identifications, are related to the common occurrence of epitopes involving the presence of N-acyl derivatives of 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-mannopyranosyl residues in the O-polysaccharide portions of the respective lipopolysaccharides of the organisms. Strains of E. hermannii which did not show serological cross-reactions with E. coli O157 and Brucella antisera were found to have unique lipopolysaccharide O chains devoid of D-Rhap4NAc residues, demonstrating the existence of serotypes of E. hermannii that are distinct on the basis of their lipopolysaccharide components.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Brucella; Brucella abortus; Carbohydrate Sequence; Cross Reactions; Escherichia; Escherichia coli; Immunodiffusion; Lipopolysaccharides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Sequence Data; O Antigens
PubMed: 1691146
DOI: 10.1128/iai.58.5.1391-1395.1990 -
Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis 2023, previously known as , is a rare causative agent of human infections. Several reports testify that the most frequently infected patients are immunosuppressed,...
, previously known as , is a rare causative agent of human infections. Several reports testify that the most frequently infected patients are immunosuppressed, especially those undergoing hemodialysis. A 34-year-old man with an end-stage renal disease complained of chills, fever, and general fatigue at the end of a regular hemodialysis session. The echocardiographic examination showed vegetation located on the dialysis catheter in the right atrium. Empirical therapy was initiated with intravenous gentamicin, and after the isolation of the agent, the treatment was continued with intravenous imipenem/cilastatin. The blood cultures and the tip of the replaced catheter were positive for , identified by Vitek 2 Compact. Verification of the automated identification was performed using 16S sequencing. The 16S sequence product was used to query the NCBI bacterial database and revealed 99.75% identity to that of strain CIP 103176 16S ribosomal RNA in the NCBI GenBank database. The antimicrobial susceptibility results revealed resistance to aminopenicillins and susceptibility to all other tested antimicrobials. To our knowledge, this is the first report of catheter-related vegetation with echocardiographic confirmation and the successful eradication of infection in a patient undergoing hemodialysis with imipenem/cilastatin.
PubMed: 37900930
DOI: 10.1159/000533581