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IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1999
Review
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens; Chromosome Aberrations; Ethylene Dibromide; Humans; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Occupational Exposure; Salmonella typhimurium
PubMed: 10476466
DOI: No ID Found -
Environmental Health Perspectives Dec 1977Haloorganic biocides are widely employed as soil fumigants to combat the destructive action of plant parasitic nematodes and fungi. These substances are dehalogenated by...
Haloorganic biocides are widely employed as soil fumigants to combat the destructive action of plant parasitic nematodes and fungi. These substances are dehalogenated by soil organisms, principally species of Pseudomonas and Flavobacteria, to nontoxic metabolities. The paths of metabolism of a vareity of simply alkyl halides are described with emphasis upon the biodehalogenation step.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Allyl Compounds; Animals; Biotransformation; Butanes; Ethylene Dibromide; Hemeproteins; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Hydrolysis; Nematoda; Oxidation-Reduction; Propane; Propanols; Pseudomonas; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 348458
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7721279 -
Environmental Health Perspectives May 1999The knowledge of specific problems of occupational cancer in Spain is scarce. The environment of the workplace has improved over the last few years after a long period... (Review)
Review
The knowledge of specific problems of occupational cancer in Spain is scarce. The environment of the workplace has improved over the last few years after a long period distinguished by bad working conditions, incomplete legislation, and insufficient safety measures and control. It has been estimated that 3,083,479 workers (25.4% of employees) were exposed to carcinogens. The most common occupational exposures to carcinogenic agents were solar radiation, environmental tobacco smoke, silica, and wood dust. The highest number of employees were exposed to silica crystalline (404,729), diesel engine exhaust (274,321), rubber products (99,804), benzene (89,932), ethylene dibromide (81,336), agents used in furniture and cabinet making (72,068), and formaldehyde (71,189). The percentage of total cancer deaths attributed to occupational exposure was 4% (6% in men, 0.9% in women). Compared with other European countries, the incidence of lung cancer and leukemia in Spain are one of the lowest, but it is rapidly increasing. The incidence of urinary bladder and larynx cancer, on the contrary, are one of the highest. Few studies on occupational cancer have been conducted in Spain. The main problems are the availability of death certificates and the quality of the information on occupation in mortality of statistics. It is necessary to improve methods of assessment of exposures using expert hygienists and biologic markers of exposure and diseases. Reduction of cancer by limiting or avoiding exposure to known occupational carcinogens is still necessary.
Topics: Carcinogens; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Data Collection; Death Certificates; Epidemiologic Research Design; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Incidence; Male; Neoplasms; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Occupational Health; Population Surveillance; Spain
PubMed: 10350510
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.107-1566267 -
Report on Carcinogens : Carcinogen... 2011
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Environmental Exposure; Ethylene Dibromide; Government Regulation; Humans; Pesticides; United States
PubMed: 21852818
DOI: No ID Found -
Environmental Health Perspectives Apr 1976A spectrum of fumigants (primarily ethylene dibromide, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, ethylene oxide, symdibromotetetrachloroethane, 1,3-dichloropropene, dichlorovos,... (Review)
Review
A spectrum of fumigants (primarily ethylene dibromide, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, ethylene oxide, symdibromotetetrachloroethane, 1,3-dichloropropene, dichlorovos, carbon tetrachloride, methyl bromide) as well as their degradation products in foodstuffs and soil have been examined mainly in regard to the potential mutagenicity of their residues.
Topics: Alkylating Agents; Animals; Bacteria; Carbon Tetrachloride; Carcinogens; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromosome Aberrations; Cricetinae; DNA; Dichlorvos; Ethylene Dibromide; Ethylene Oxide; Fumigation; Mice; Mutagens; Pesticide Residues; Rats
PubMed: 789068
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.761439 -
Scandinavian Journal of Work,... Feb 2007Several studies have shown a decline in human semen quality and increased risks of male subfertility. This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms of... (Review)
Review
Several studies have shown a decline in human semen quality and increased risks of male subfertility. This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms of pesticide-induced reproductive toxicity and the effects on male fertility since exposure to pesticides may be one of the causes of these disorders. Pesticides may directly damage spermatozoa, alter Sertoli cell or Leydig cell function, or disrupt the endocrine function in any stage of hormonal regulation (hormone synthesis, release, storage, transport, and clearance; receptor recognition and binding; thyroid function; and the central nervous system). These mechanisms are described with respect to the effects of pesticide exposure in vitro and in vivo. In epidemiologic studies, effects on sperm quality and time to pregnancy are reviewed. Clear effects on male fertility have been demonstrated for some pesticides [eg, dibromochloropropane, ethylene dibromide]. But results from more recent studies are inconsistent, and no uniform conclusion can be drawn about the effects of pesticides on male reproduction.
Topics: Central Nervous System; Environmental Exposure; Fertility; Fertilization; Hormones; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Pesticides; Semen; Thyroid Gland
PubMed: 17353961
DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.1060 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Jan 1983
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Ethylene Dibromide; Female; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Male; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344
PubMed: 6337831
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8347359 -
Acta Crystallographica. Section E,... Dec 2010The structure of the title compound, [Ni(C(6)H(16)N(2))(2)]Br(2) or [Ni(Et(2)en)(2)]Br(2) (Et(2)en is asymmetric N,N-diethyl-ethylene-diamine), containing an Ni(II) atom...
The structure of the title compound, [Ni(C(6)H(16)N(2))(2)]Br(2) or [Ni(Et(2)en)(2)]Br(2) (Et(2)en is asymmetric N,N-diethyl-ethylene-diamine), containing an Ni(II) atom (site symmetry ) in square-planar NiN(4) coordination, is described and contrasted with related structures containing Ni(II) in octa-hedral coordination with axial X(-) ligands (X(-) = variable anions). The dialkyl-ated N atom has an appreciably longer bond length to the Ni(II) atom [1.9666 (13) Å] than does the unsubstituted N atom [1.9202 (14) Å]. The Ni-N bond lengths in [Ni(Et(2)en)(2)]Br(2) are significantly shorter than corresponding values in tetra-gonally distorted [Ni(Et(2)en)(2)X(2)] compounds (X = (-)O(2)CCF(3), OH(2), or (-)NCS), which have a triplet ground state. The electronic configuration in these axially ligated [Ni(Et(2)en)(2)X(2)] compounds populates the metal-based d(x) (2) (-y) (2) orbital, which is Ni-N anti-bonding in character. Each Et(2)en ligand in each [Ni(Et(2)en)(2)](2+) cation forms a pair of N-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds to the Br(-) anions, one above and below the NiN(4) square plane. Thus, a ribbon of alternating Br(-) pairs and [Ni(Et(2)en)(2)](2+) cations that are canted at 65° relative to one another is formed by hydrogen bonds.
PubMed: 21522568
DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810050403 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2020The original goal of this research was to study stereochemistry of selenium dihalides addition to cycloalkenes and properties of obtained products. Remarkable...
The original goal of this research was to study stereochemistry of selenium dihalides addition to cycloalkenes and properties of obtained products. Remarkable alkene-to-alkene and alkene-to-alkyne transfer reactions of selenium dibromide and PhSeBr were discovered during this research. The adducts of selenium dibromide with alkenes or cycloalkenes easily exchange SeBr with other unsaturated compounds, including acetylenes, at room temperature, in acetonitrile. Similar alkene-to-alkene and alkene-to-alkyne transfer reactions of the PhSeBr adducts with alkenes or cycloalkenes take place. The supposed reaction pathway includes the selenium group transfer from seleniranium species to alkenes or alkynes. It was found that the efficient SeBr and PhSeBr transfer reagents are Se(CHCHBr) and PhSeCHCHBr, which liberate ethylene, leading to a shift in equilibrium. The regioselective and stereoselective synthesis of bis(-2-bromovinyl) selenides and unsymmetrical 2-bromovinyl selenides was developed based on the SeBr and PhSeBr transfer reactions which proceeded with higher selectivity compared to analogous addition reactions of SeBr and PhSeBr to alkynes under the same conditions.
Topics: Alkenes; Alkynes; Bromides; Catalysis; Cyclization; Cycloparaffins; Selenium Compounds
PubMed: 31947731
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010194 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Dec 1985This paper reviews recent investigations by Slater and colleagues into the metabolic activation of halogenated alkanes in general and carbon tetrachloride in particular.... (Review)
Review
This paper reviews recent investigations by Slater and colleagues into the metabolic activation of halogenated alkanes in general and carbon tetrachloride in particular. It is becoming increasingly accepted that free radical intermediates are involved in the toxicity of many such compounds through mechanisms including lipid peroxidation, covalent binding, and cofactor depletion. Here we describe the experimental approaches that are used to establish that halogenated alkanes are metabolized in animal tissues to reactive free radicals. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy is used to identify free-radical products, often using spin-trapping compounds. The generation of specific free radicals by radiolytic methods is useful in the determination of the precise reactivity of radical intermediates postulated to be injurious to the cell. The enzymic mechanism of the production of such free radicals and their subsequent reactions with biological molecules is studied with specific metabolic inhibitors and free-radical scavengers. These combined techniques provide considerable insight into the process of metabolic activation of halogenated compounds. It is readily apparent, for instance, that the local oxygen concentration at the site of activation is of crucial importance to the subsequent reactions; the formation of peroxy radical derivatives from the primary free-radical product is shown to be of great significance in relation to carbon tetrachloride and may be of general importance. However, while these studies have provided much information on the biochemical mechanisms of halogenated alkane toxicity, it is clear that many problems remain to be solved.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Biotransformation; Carbon Tetrachloride; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Ethylene Dibromide; Free Radicals; Halothane; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 3007102
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.856485