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Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis 2020Most episodes of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis are caused by skin-dwelling gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria colonizing gut and urinary...
Most episodes of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis are caused by skin-dwelling gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria colonizing gut and urinary tract. Occasionally, however, uncommon bacteria can cause peritonitis in PD patients. We describe a case of peritonitis, the first such case reported from the United States. A 68-year-old woman with end-stage kidney disease due to hypertension was initiated on PD 2 years prior to the present event. She presented with abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. She was afebrile and hemodynamically stable. Abdomen was diffusely tender with guarding and rebound. No obvious root cause was apparent. Initial PD fluid white count was 502/mm with 87% neutrophils. Gram stain was negative. Culture grew gram-negative rods, which were later identified as , resistant to ampicillin and cefazolin but sensitive to gentamicin, ceftazidime, and cefepime. After empiric intraperitoneal vancomycin and gentamicin, she was continued on intraperitoneal gentamicin for a total period of 21 days. She responded to the treatment rapidly with complete recovery. PD fluid on day four showed 40 nucleated cells with 12% neutrophils. Patient remained on PD without consequences. is a gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus that can survive in water, including domestic water. Inadequate hand hygiene is a potential root cause of infection. Although rare, peritonitis can be observed in PD patients and is treatable. Clinicians should be aware of as a potential cause of PD peritonitis.
PubMed: 33363216
DOI: 10.1159/000510147 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2020is a cosmopolitan bacterial pathogen that has been isolated from many hosts. Here, we sequenced a high-quality genome of B6-1 isolated from , an important cultivated...
is a cosmopolitan bacterial pathogen that has been isolated from many hosts. Here, we sequenced a high-quality genome of B6-1 isolated from , an important cultivated mushroom, performed a comparative genomic analysis with four other strains from various origins, and tested the susceptibility of B6-1 to antibiotics. The genome size, predicted genes, and GC (guanine-cytosine) content of B6-1 was 4.67 Mb, 4301, and 53.80%, respectively. The origin of the strains did not significantly affect the phylogeny, but mobile genetic elements shaped the evolution of the genus . The strains encoded a set of common genes for type secretion, virulence effectors, CAZymes, and toxins required for pathogenicity in all hosts. They also had antibiotic resistance, pigments to suppress or evade host defense responses, as well as genes for adaptation to different environmental conditions, including temperature, oxidation, and nutrients. These findings provide a better understanding of the virulence, antibiotic resistance, and host adaptation strategies of , and they also contribute to the development of effective control strategies.
PubMed: 32354059
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050330 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2020is a Gram-negative, catalase positive and anaerobic enterobacterium first described in 1983. Infections caused by this pathogen, such as bacteremia and pneumonia, are...
is a Gram-negative, catalase positive and anaerobic enterobacterium first described in 1983. Infections caused by this pathogen, such as bacteremia and pneumonia, are extremely rare and primarily occur in patients with underlying pathologies or immunosuppression. There is still a debate as to whether is a real pathogen or if it can be considered an opportunistic infectious agent. We report the first documented case of meningitis in literature and the first case of this pathogen causing infection in a newborn. A term newborn male was born via spontaneous vaginal delivery to a Gravida 2 Para 0, 28 year old woman with negative prenatal screening tests with a birth weight of 4.70 kilograms and Apgar scores of 9 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes respectively. Rupture of membranes was 27 hours prior to delivery. Infant was noted to be febrile to 101°F at birth, so infant was admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit and started empirically on ampicillin and gentamycin. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drawn due to irritability on day of life 1 presented normal cell and protein count but grew Gram negative rods after 2 days, identified subsequently as ; repeat CSF analysis done at 6 days of life showed pleocytosis. Brain MRI performed at 2 weeks of life showed leptomeningitis. The infant was treated with ceftazidime for 21 days from the first negative CSF culture. He has since followed up with the neurologist and infectious disease specialist. He had a normal electroencephalogram (EEG) and is meeting all developmental milestones at the 24 months of age follow up visit. Our case highlights that can cause serious invasive infections such as meningitis in the neonatal period with minimal symptomatology. Antibiotic treatment in the neonatal period can present challenges due to the 's variable sensitivity. The role of these emerging low virulence organisms in causing infections has to be further elucidated, especially in vulnerable patients such as newborns.
PubMed: 32596194
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00308 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2012Infections caused by Ewingella americana have been rarely reported in the literature. Most of the cases that have been reported were among the immunocompromised...
Infections caused by Ewingella americana have been rarely reported in the literature. Most of the cases that have been reported were among the immunocompromised patients. We report a case of E. americana causing osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the shoulder joint in a previous intravenous drug abuser. The causative pathogen was identified by synovial fluid analysis and culture.
PubMed: 22762003
DOI: 10.1155/2012/730720 -
Cureus Mar 2023We present a 73-year-old male with a history of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease status post stents,...
We present a 73-year-old male with a history of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease status post stents, prostate carcinoma status post radiation, and prostatectomy, with recurrent bladder neck contracture requiring suprapubic catheter, left urethral stricture with nephrostomy tube placement, penile implant, and recurrent urinary tract infections, who presented to the emergency room complaining of constant bilateral groin pain for one day. Physical exam was significant for suprapubic tenderness and a chronic suprapubic catheter and left-sided nephrostomy tube. An initial examination of the patient's urine revealed turbid, yellow-colored fluid, positive for white blood cells, leukocyte esterase, and bacteria. A urine culture was obtained, which returned positive for with >100,000colony-forming units (CFUs)as well as demonstrating low colony counts. The patient was treated with a seven-day course of meropenem 1 gm twice daily, which improved of his symptoms, and then completed a 10-day course of ertapenem 500 mg daily. The patient received a five-day course of vancomycin 1 gm on dialysis days for additional coverage of , despite low colony counts. This is the first documented case of a urinary tract infection caused by . The organism is primarily found in immunocompromised individuals, and a debate is still ongoing as to whether it is a true pathogen or exists primarily as an opportunistic infection. We suggest further inquiry and study of this resistant organism are paramount in establishing its role in both immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent individuals. is a multidrug-resistant organism, which to date has sparse documentation regarding its prevalence and potential for morbidity, especially in compromised individuals. In the era of increasing antibiotic resistance, we suggest that more research is needed to understand the pathogenicity of .
PubMed: 37009357
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35640 -
Plant Disease Mar 2023Naematelia aurantialba (synonym Tremella aurantialba) is one of the jelly fungi and highly valued edible and medicinal mushrooms. It has been cultivated industrially in...
Naematelia aurantialba (synonym Tremella aurantialba) is one of the jelly fungi and highly valued edible and medicinal mushrooms. It has been cultivated industrially in recent years and consumed popularly in China. In September 2022, brown rot disease of fruiting bodies was observed at the N. aurantialba factory in Tongzhou district, Beijing with a disease incidence of ~10%. Symptoms initially appeared as color changing from orange to light brown. The infected area expanded gradually until covered fully the fruiting body. Meanwhile, the interior of the fruiting body became rotten and dark brown. Finally, the whole fruiting body became wrinkled and brown, resulting in significantly reduced yield and economic loss. Isolations were made from 12 infected mushroom samples. Infected tissue within the fruiting body was mashed in sterilized 1.5 mL tubes containing 1 mL of sterile distilled water. After standing for 5-10 min, the suspensions were streaked on the Luria-Bertani (LB) medium and cultured at 37°C for 24h. The physiological and biochemical reactions of isolated strains were determined using the API 20E system (Reyes et al. 2004) according to the manufacturer's instructions. All the strains showed the same reaction results. The bacterial colonies were streaked on fresh LB medium at 37°C for 24 h, and a single pure culture was obtained with round, smooth and semitransparent. The bacterial cells were gram-negative, short-rod, (0.3) 0.8-2.0 (2.5) × (0.1) 0.6-1.0 (1.5) μm, and peri-flagellate. The isolates were further confirmed by sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes with primer 27F/1492R and gyrB-UP1s/gyrB-UP2sr (Liu et al. 2018). Using EzBioCloud data searches, the 16S rRNA sequence of four strains (GenBank accession OP727593, OP727595, OP727596, OP727601) matched the sequence of E. americana type strain ATCC 33852 (accession JMPJ01000013) with identity of 99.65%~99.93 and 100% completeness. The GyrB sequence matched the E. americana in GenBank (MK460250) and showed 98.71% identity and 100% completeness. Finally, the pathogen was identified as E. americana based on morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics. The pathogenicity test was conducted by spreading bacterial suspensions cultured 48h onto 12 healthy cultivated fruiting bodies of N. aurantialba, with sterile distilled water as a control, and then cultured in a chamber at 23°C with 85% relative humidity. Brown symptoms, similar to natural symptoms, were observed on all inoculated fruiting bodies after 48h, whereas the controls remained symptomless. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the inoculated fruiting body and confirmed to be E. americana based on morphological and 16S rRNA molecular characteristics, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. E. americana caused stipe necrosis on Agaricus bisporus in Egypt (Madbouly et al. 2014), the oak tree in Thailand, and pneumonia in Humans (Doonan et al. 2016), and brown blotch on Flammulina velutipes (Liu et al. 2018). To our knowledge, this is the first worldwide report of E. americana infecting jelly fungus N. aurantialba causing brown rot disease. E. americana is an opportunistic cross-kingdom pathogen (Liu et al. 2018). That will provide a critical alert on the prevention, effective monitoring, and control of the disease.
PubMed: 36973910
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-10-22-2499-PDN -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2019Ewingella americana (Ea) is a Gram-negative, lactose-fermenting, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive bacterium that was first described in 1983 as a new genus and...
BACKGROUND
Ewingella americana (Ea) is a Gram-negative, lactose-fermenting, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive bacterium that was first described in 1983 as a new genus and species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is not known whether Ea is a true pathogen or simply an opportunistic infectious agent, as most of the cases have been described in patients at risk.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 4-year-old girl described here was hospitalized due to a productive cough over the previous 3 weeks and a fever > 38 °C associated with tachypnea over the previous 2 days. Her familial and personal medical histories were negative for relevant diseases, including respiratory infections. At admission, she was febrile (axillary temperature 39.2 °C) and had dyspnea with retractions, grunting and nasal flaring. A chest examination revealed fine crackling rales in the left upper field associated with bilateral wheezing. A chest X-ray revealed segmental consolidation of the lingula of the left lung. Laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis (15.,800 white blood cells/mm with 50.3% neutrophils), a slight increase in serum C-reactive protein (11.9 mg/L) and normal procalcitonin values (< 0.12 ng/mL). A nasopharyngeal swab culture did not reveal viral or bacterial respiratory pathogens, including atypical bacteria. A blood culture revealed the presence of a Gram-negative, lactose-fermenting rod that was oxidase negative and catalase positive. The isolate was identified by means of the VITEK®2 identification system (bioMérieux, Firenze, Italy) as Ea. This identification was confirmed by sequencing the 16 s ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA). The pathogen was sensitive to aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime but was intermediate against sulfametoxazole/trimethoprim and resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, fosfomycin, and oxacillin. The child was immediately treated orally with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and erythromycin. Based on the results of a blood culture and sensitivity tests, the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid medication was stopped after 3 days. Erythromycin was continued for a total of 10 days, and the child was discharged after 3 days in the hospital. Follow-up visit 1 month later did not reveal any respiratory problems.
CONCLUSION
This case shows that Ea infections in healthy subjects are mild even in pediatric age, and the need for antibiotic therapy is debated. Cases occurring in subjects with underlying chronic disease can be significantly more complicated and require appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aminoglycosides; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefotaxime; Child, Preschool; Enterobacteriaceae; Erythromycin; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Italy; Pneumonia; Thorax
PubMed: 31060497
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4021-4 -
FEMS Microbiology Ecology Mar 2004The prevalence and mycopathogenic potential of Enterobacteriaceae (especially Ewingella americana) in cultivated mushrooms were studied. A total of 95 samples of...
The prevalence and mycopathogenic potential of Enterobacteriaceae (especially Ewingella americana) in cultivated mushrooms were studied. A total of 95 samples of Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus were analyzed to quantify the Enterobacteriaceae and to identify the species isolated. The host pathogenicity test was used to verify their mycopathogenic potential. The genus Pseudomonas was also quantified, since it is the predominant bacterial group in cultivated mushrooms. The counts of Enterobacteriaceae ranged from 2.88 to 3.66 log(10) CFU g(-1), which was significantly lower than the counts of Pseudomonas spp. (4.52-7.80 log(10) CFU g(-1)). Among the 151 strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated, 112 strains (74.2%) were classified as Ewingella americana by the API 20 E system. Other species identified were Enterobacter amnigenus bgp. 1, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella terrigena, Pantoea spp. bgp. 2 and Serratia rubidaea. Only E. americana showed mycopathogenic effect, causing a browning lesion and necrosis in the center of the A. bisporus stipe. This is the first report of the isolation of E. americana from healthy cultivated button mushroom as well as from other species of cultivated mushrooms different from A. bisporus.
Topics: Agaricales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Colony Count, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Prevalence; Pseudomonas; Spain
PubMed: 19712317
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-6496(03)00283-6 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021In this study, the microbiological and sensory quality of cultivated mushrooms ( and and ) available at the Austrian retail level were determined. Aerobic mesophilic...
In this study, the microbiological and sensory quality of cultivated mushrooms ( and and ) available at the Austrian retail level were determined. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMC), (EB), (PS), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeast, moulds and presumptive were enumerated at the day of purchase and after storage at 4 °C for 7 or 12 days. Additionally, the presence of spp. and was investigated. Isolates of presumptive spoilage bacteria were confirmed by partial 16S rRNA sequencing. At the day of purchase, 71.2% of the samples were of high microbiological quality and grouped into the low contamination category (AMC < 5.0 log cfu/g), while the sensory quality of 67.1% was categorized as "very good or good". After storage, the number of samples with high microbial quality was 46.6%, and only 37.0% of the samples scored as "very good or good". The most abundant species across all mushroom samples were the species complex (58.4%) and the potential mushroom pathogen (28.3%). All mushroom samples tested negative for spp., and . The microbiological and sensory quality of the analysed mushrooms at the day of purchase and after storage was considered to be good overall. Longer transport distances were found to have a significant influence on the microbiological and sensory quality.
PubMed: 33918846
DOI: 10.3390/foods10040816 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oct 1992Ewingella americana was isolated from two blood cultures from a 75-year-old male after cholecystectomy. The characteristics of this strain are compared with the reported...
Ewingella americana was isolated from two blood cultures from a 75-year-old male after cholecystectomy. The characteristics of this strain are compared with the reported biochemical characteristics of 44 American strains. Previously described infections and pseudoinfections with E. americana are reviewed.
Topics: Aged; Bacteremia; Cholecystectomy; Cholecystitis; Cholelithiasis; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Male; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 1400980
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.30.10.2746-2747.1992