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Reumatologia ClinicaThe clinical anatomy of several pain syndromes of the knee is herein discussed. These include the iliotibial tract syndrome, the anserine syndrome, bursitis of the... (Review)
Review
The clinical anatomy of several pain syndromes of the knee is herein discussed. These include the iliotibial tract syndrome, the anserine syndrome, bursitis of the medial collateral ligament, Baker's cyst, popliteus tendon tenosynovitis and bursitis of the deep infrapatellar bursa. These syndromes are reviewed in terms of the structures involved and their role in knee physiology. All of the discussed structures can be identified in their normal state and more so when they are affected by disease. The wealth of information gained by cross examination of the medial, lateral, posterior and anterior aspects of the knee brings to life knowledge acquired at the dissection table, from anatomical drawings and from virtual images.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Knee Injuries; Knee Joint; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal Pain; Physical Examination; Syndrome
PubMed: 23219082
DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2012.10.002 -
Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent... Jun 2018Most sexually abused children will not have signs of genital or anal injury, especially when examined nonacutely. A recent study reported that only 2.2% (26 of 1160) of... (Review)
Review
Most sexually abused children will not have signs of genital or anal injury, especially when examined nonacutely. A recent study reported that only 2.2% (26 of 1160) of sexually abused girls examined nonacutely had diagnostic physical findings, whereas among those examined acutely, the prevalence of injuries was 21.4% (73 of 340). It is important for health care professionals who examine children who might have been sexually abused to be able to recognize and interpret any physical signs or laboratory results that might be found. In this review we summarize new data and recommendations concerning documentation of medical examinations, testing for sexually transmitted infections, interpretation of lesions caused by human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus in children, and interpretation of physical examination findings. Updates to a table listing an approach to the interpretation of medical findings is presented, and reasons for changes are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Child, Preschool; Documentation; Female; Genitalia; Humans; Male; Physical Examination; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 29294380
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2017.12.011 -
BMJ Case Reports Jan 2018A 35-year-old man stopped breathing after injecting a large dose of heroin. He subsequently received cardiopulmonary resuscitation from friends. He arrived to accident...
A 35-year-old man stopped breathing after injecting a large dose of heroin. He subsequently received cardiopulmonary resuscitation from friends. He arrived to accident and emergency department with Glasgow Coma Scale of 13. On examination, he had distended and tense abdomen. CT Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis confirmed massive tension pneumoperitoneum. A 14 Fr intravenous cannula was inserted through the umbilicus to relieve the intra-abdominal pressure. An emergency laparotomy showed petechia along the anterior gastric wall, haematoma of lesser omentum but showed no evidence of gastrointestinal perforation or organ injury. Air leak test performed by insufflating air into the stomach via nasogastric tube and abdomen filled with normal saline showed no leak. On-table oesophagogastroduodenoscopy showed mild oesophagitis and petechia of cardiac gastric mucosa. He was treated with intravenous antibiotics and discharged on the fifth postoperative day with adequate analgesia.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Adult; Analgesia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cannula; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Decompression, Surgical; Drug Overdose; Heroin; Humans; Laparotomy; Male; Peritonitis; Pneumoperitoneum; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29386215
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223069 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Oct 2020
Topics: Examination Tables; Humans
PubMed: 33077455
DOI: No ID Found -
Academic Forensic Pathology Mar 2016The diagnosis of strangulation at autopsy is a persistent challenge for the forensic pathologist. The main difficulty is interpreting the observations made at the... (Review)
Review
The diagnosis of strangulation at autopsy is a persistent challenge for the forensic pathologist. The main difficulty is interpreting the observations made at the postmortem table and deciding whether the observations are a sufficient basis to render an expert opinion that death was caused by external compression of the neck. This may have considerable importance to the criminal justice system and may lead to a conviction for murder. There are five main pitfalls and artifacts encountered in the neck at postmortem examination. These five areas provide the majority of the interpretative difficulties experienced by the pathologist. These challenges include: 1) developmental anatomy of the hyoid bone; 2) triticeous cartilages; 3) Prinsloo-Gordon hemorrhage; 4) postmortem hypostatic hemorrhage; and 5) resuscitation-related neck injury. This review explores these five areas. Awareness of the pitfalls and artifacts in the neck is essential for a satisfactory and evidence-based approach to interpreting observations of the neck at autopsy.
PubMed: 31239872
DOI: 10.23907/2016.005 -
American Family Physician Oct 2005Though relatively common, syncope is a complex presenting symptom defined by a transient loss of consciousness, usually accompanied by falling, and with spontaneous... (Review)
Review
Though relatively common, syncope is a complex presenting symptom defined by a transient loss of consciousness, usually accompanied by falling, and with spontaneous recovery. Syncope must be carefully differentiated from other conditions that may cause a loss of consciousness or falling. Syncope can be classified into four categories: reflex mediated, cardiac, orthostatic, and cerebrovascular. A cardiac cause of syncope is associated with significantly higher rates of morbidity and mortality than other causes. The evaluation of syncope begins with a careful history, physical examination, and electrocardiography. Additional testing should be based on the initial clinical evaluation. Older patients and those with underlying organic heart disease or abnormal electrocardiograms generally will need additional cardiac evaluation, which may include prolonged electrocardiographic monitoring, echocardiography, and exercise stress testing. When structural heart disease is excluded, tests for neurogenic reflex-mediated syncope, such as head-up tilt-table testing and carotid sinus massage, should be performed. The use of tests such as head computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, carotid and transcranial ultrasonography, and electroencephalography to detect cerebrovascular causes of syncope should be reserved for those few patients with syncope whose history suggests a neurologic event or who have focal neurologic signs or symptoms.
Topics: Algorithms; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrocardiography; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; Exercise Test; Humans; Medical History Taking; Physical Examination; Syncope; Tilt-Table Test
PubMed: 16273816
DOI: No ID Found -
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Apr 2018Panniculitides represent a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases that are traditionally considered one of the most difficult challenge for clinicians and... (Review)
Review
Panniculitides represent a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases that are traditionally considered one of the most difficult challenge for clinicians and pathologists. They may occur in a variety of dermato/rheumatologic diseases and are of particular relevance for clinicians dealing with such pathologies, including immune-mediated/autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders. In fact, panniculitides can be the initial sign of presentation of a dermato/rheumatologic disease, thereby providing the physician with important clues to the correct diagnosis. Then, panniculitides may serve as an easy-to-access indicator of both systemic involvement and prognostic outcome in dermato/rheumatologic disorders. This review will focus on clinical and histopathological findings of panniculitides in the setting of dermato/rheumatologic disorders and discusses the value of skin biopsies and consequent histopathological examination in the diagnosis of these disorders with the help of a logarithmic table.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; Panniculitis; Prognosis; Rheumatic Diseases; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 29249125
DOI: 10.23736/S0392-0488.17.05845-X -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2011
Topics: Digital Rectal Examination; Humans; Lithotripsy; Male; Operating Tables; Phimosis; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Urinary Incontinence; Urology
PubMed: 21756375
DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382011000300001