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Journal of the American Medical... Dec 2022The Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are 2 frequently used brief cognitive screening tasks. Here, we provide a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
The Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are 2 frequently used brief cognitive screening tasks. Here, we provide a conversion method from MMSE to MoCA for patients with Alzheimer's dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinson dementia/Lewy body dementia, as well as for patients with dementia and with or without previous stroke. This conversion is needed as everyday clinical practice varies in their use of the 2 scales, which makes comparisons between studies, meta-analysis, and patient cohorts difficult.
DESIGN
Observational cohort study.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
A total of 387 patients with recently diagnosed dementia in memory clinics from the Swedish registry for cognitive/dementia disorders (SveDem) from 2007 to 2018.
METHODS
Overall, 387 patients of the Swedish registry for cognitive/dementia disorders with both MMSE and MoCA scores were evaluated. An equipercentile equating method was used to convert MMSE to MoCA scores in the different patient populations. Furthermore, receiver operating curves were used to examine whether MMSE or MoCA scores can distinguish between patients with different dementia types.
RESULTS
MMSE scores were converted to MoCA scores for all dementia types and depicted in a conversion table. Results show that the equipercentile equating method and log-linear smoothing allow the creation of a conversion table in which for each test score of the MMSE, the equivalent score of the MoCA for each investigated group can be looked up (and vice-versa).
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
This study reports a reliable and easy conversion for transforming MMSE to MoCA scores (and vice-versa) in patients with Alzheimer's dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson dementia or Lewy body dementia, as well as patients with dementia with and without previous stroke.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Frontotemporal Dementia; Lewy Body Disease; Mental Status and Dementia Tests; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 35561758
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.03.018 -
International Journal of Microbiology 2022food-borne infections are a serious public health problem. In Benin, there is a proliferation of pork consumption in several forms. This study aims to determine the...
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of and Isolated from Pig Guts, Pig Feces, and Surface Swabs from the Cutting Tables at Slaughterhouse and Taverns in Southern Benin.
food-borne infections are a serious public health problem. In Benin, there is a proliferation of pork consumption in several forms. This study aims to determine the prevalence and the antimicrobial resistance of strains isolated from pig guts, pig feces, and surface swabs from the cutting tables in southern Benin. For this purpose, 200 samples of pig guts, 40 samples of swabs from the cutting table surface, and 8 samples of pig feces were collected and subjected to bacteriological examination. The method used for the identification of bacteria was microbiological culture combined with molecular identification by PCR. The identified strains were then subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing according to the methodology recommended by the EUCAST. Antibiotic profiles were compared between strains isolated from pig guts, pig feces, and cutting table surfaces on the one hand and among the different sampling sites on the other hand. The results obtained show that 47.6% of the samples analyzed were contaminated by spp. Molecular identification revealed 34.7% of and 9.3% of . The study of antimicrobial susceptibility showed resistance to ciprofloxacin, 44% to ampicillin, 23.9% to erythromycin, 11% to gentamicin, and 10.1% to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. In total, 90.8% of the isolated strains were multidrug resistant. The use of antimicrobials in livestock production systems has increased considerably, which could explain, at least partially, the prevalence of and the resistance of strains to antibiotics. To limit the risk of food-borne infections, it is therefore important to include in the list of pathogens to be tested during sanitary quality control of meat and meat products in Benin.
PubMed: 36212611
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5120678 -
Alzheimer's & Dementia (Amsterdam,... 2021The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) are two commonly used instruments for assessing cognitive function....
BACKGROUND
The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) are two commonly used instruments for assessing cognitive function. Although conversion between 3MSE and MMSE is useful in applications such as integrative data analysis, there are limited published reports on the topic. Our objective is to provide a dual tool: (1) an item-level conversion tool to score responses for deriving both 3MSE and MMSE measures, and (2) cross-walk tables to facilitate quick conversion between 3MSE and MMSE.
METHODS
An SAS program tool allows scoring of 3MSE item-level responses into MMSE score. Using integrated data sets (n = 8346), actual 3MSE and MMSE scores obtained from the same individuals were linked to form cross-walk tables.
RESULTS
An SAS conversion program was made available. Cross-walk tables were derived. Validation sample shows bias is -0.11 (standard deviation = 1.02) in 3MSE→MMSE; the converse had substantially large bias.
DISCUSSION
The 3MSE→MMSE conversion table can be used in clinical practice and legacy system data.
PubMed: 33816754
DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12161 -
Telemedicine Reports 2023Contrary to common perception, telehealth is not simply a substitute for in-person care. With an array of modalities-live audio-video, asynchronous patient...
Contrary to common perception, telehealth is not simply a substitute for in-person care. With an array of modalities-live audio-video, asynchronous patient communication, and remote patient monitoring, to name a few-telehealth creates entirely new avenues of care delivery (Table 1). Although our current care model is reactive-relying on episodic visits to an office or hospital-telehealth allows us to be proactive, filling in the gaps to provide a continuum of care. Widespread uptake of telehealth has created fertile ground for long-overdue health system reform. In this study, we describe essential next steps: redefine telehealth clinical appropriateness, evolve payment models, provide necessary training, and reimagine the patient-physician interaction.
PubMed: 37283853
DOI: 10.1089/tmr.2023.0019 -
Acta Radiologica Open Feb 2021The scope and productivity of artificial intelligence applications in health science and medicine, particularly in medical imaging, are rapidly progressing, with... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The scope and productivity of artificial intelligence applications in health science and medicine, particularly in medical imaging, are rapidly progressing, with relatively recent developments in big data and deep learning and increasingly powerful computer algorithms. Accordingly, there are a number of opportunities and challenges for the radiological community.
PURPOSE
To provide review on the challenges and barriers experienced in diagnostic radiology on the basis of the key clinical applications of machine learning techniques.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Studies published in 2010-2019 were selected that report on the efficacy of machine learning models. A single contingency table was selected for each study to report the highest accuracy of radiology professionals and machine learning algorithms, and a meta-analysis of studies was conducted based on contingency tables.
RESULTS
The specificity for all the deep learning models ranged from 39% to 100%, whereas sensitivity ranged from 85% to 100%. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 85% for the deep learning algorithms for detecting abnormalities compared to 75% and 91% for radiology experts, respectively. The pooled specificity and sensitivity for comparison between radiology professionals and deep learning algorithms were 91% and 81% for deep learning models and 85% and 73% for radiology professionals (p < 0.000), respectively. The pooled sensitivity detection was 82% for health-care professionals and 83% for deep learning algorithms (p < 0.005).
CONCLUSION
Radiomic information extracted through machine learning programs form images that may not be discernible through visual examination, thus may improve the prognostic and diagnostic value of data sets.
PubMed: 33623711
DOI: 10.1177/2058460121990296 -
Public Health Nutrition Aug 2016To examine temporal trends and determinants of discretionary salt use in the USA.
OBJECTIVE
To examine temporal trends and determinants of discretionary salt use in the USA.
DESIGN
Multiple logistic regression was used to assess temporal trends in discretionary salt use at the table and during home cooking/preparation, adjusting for demographic characteristics, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2012. Prevalence and determinants of discretionary salt use in 2009-2012 were also examined.
SETTING
Participants answered salt use questions after completing a 24 h dietary recall in a mobile examination centre.
SUBJECTS
Nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized US children and adults, aged ≥2 years.
RESULTS
From 2003 to 2012, the proportion of the population who reported using salt 'very often' declined; from 18 % to 12 % for use at the table (P<0·01) and from 42 % to 37 % during home cooking (P<0·02). While one-third of the population reported never adding salt at the table, most used it during home cooking/preparation (93 %). Use of discretionary salt was least commonly reported among young children and older adults and demographic and health subgroups at risk of CVD.
CONCLUSIONS
While most people reported using salt during home cooking/preparation, a minority reported use at the table. Reported 'very often' discretionary salt use has declined. That discretionary salt use is less common among those at risk of CVD suggests awareness of messages to limit Na intake.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Choice Behavior; Cooking; Diet; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 26979532
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980016000392 -
Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022In order to explore the observation and nursing of adverse reactions in severe patients with enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, a family nursing service model was...
In order to explore the observation and nursing of adverse reactions in severe patients with enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, a family nursing service model was proposed in patients with enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. 150 patients who underwent enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in a hospital were selected as the research objects. The patients were divided into two groups by random number table method. 75 patients in the control group received routine nursing intervention and 75 patients in the observation group received family nursing service intervention. The anxiety score, depression score, examination time, one-time success rate, comfort score, incidence of adverse reactions, excellent image quality rate and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. The results showed that the anxiety score and depression score of the observation group were lower than those of the control group ( < 0.05), the examination time of the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group ( < 0.05), and the comfort score and one-time success rate of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower than that in the control group ( < 0.05), the excellent and good image quality rate (95.00%) and nursing satisfaction (97.22%) were significantly higher than those in the control group (83.00%, 86.56%). This shows that the application effect of family nursing service mode in magnetic resonance enhanced scanning is remarkable. Therefore, the use of family care mode in MRI patient examination can effectively reduce patients' anxiety and depression scores, shorten examination time, reduce adverse reactions, improve the success rate of one-time examination, improve patients' comfort during examination and patients' evaluation of nursing services. The effect is ideal and worthy of clinical research and promotion.
Topics: Anxiety; Hospitals; Humans; Incidence; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 35399836
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5319179 -
International Urology and Nephrology Feb 2023Continuous oxygen therapy to compensate for decreased oxygen saturation in the blood is a life-saving treatment used in case lung involvement. Excess oxygen delivery was...
PURPOSE
Continuous oxygen therapy to compensate for decreased oxygen saturation in the blood is a life-saving treatment used in case lung involvement. Excess oxygen delivery was reported to be a common situation, in which about 50% of the patients showed hyperoxemia and 4% in severe hyperoxemia. In this work, we investigated the effects of hyperoxia on the rat kidneys and whether tadalafil has an effect to reduce this damage.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three groups of 8 male rats each weighing 300-350 g were formed. The groups were divided into the control group, hyperoxia group, and hyperoxia and tadalafil administered group for 10 days. At the end of the 10th day, blood and kidney samples were taken for biochemical analysis (SOD and NO levels) and histopathological examination.
RESULTS
While our findings showed that SOD levels were significantly different among the control and experimental groups and within the experimental groups, no statistical difference was found in terms of NO levels among the groups (Table 1). While the glomerular and tubular injury was higher in the Hyperoxia group and the Hyperoxia + Tadalafil group than in the control group (p < 0.001), as a result of the rate of severe glomerular and tubular injury in the hyperoxia group, was 62.5% and 43.8% and in the group given tadalafil was 43.8% and 31.3%, respectively (Table 2).
CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to hyperoxia condition causes renal glomerular and tubular damage, and tadalafil does not show a protective effect on this damage according to this study's dose and exposure time.
Topics: Animals; Male; Rats; Hyperoxia; Kidney; Oxygen; Superoxide Dismutase; Tadalafil; Acute Kidney Injury
PubMed: 36443608
DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03416-w