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Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Mar 2016The eyelids are composed of four layers: skin and subcutaneous tissue including its adnexa, striated muscle, tarsus with the meibomian glands, and the palpebral... (Review)
Review
The eyelids are composed of four layers: skin and subcutaneous tissue including its adnexa, striated muscle, tarsus with the meibomian glands, and the palpebral conjunctiva. Benign and malignant tumors can arise from each of the eyelid layers. Most eyelid tumors are of cutaneous origin, mostly epidermal, which can be divided into epithelial and melanocytic tumors. Benign epithelial lesions, cystic lesions, and benign melanocytic lesions are very common. The most common malignant eyelid tumors are basal cell carcinoma in Caucasians and sebaceous gland carcinoma in Asians. Adnexal and stromal tumors are less frequent. The present review describes the more important eyelid tumors according to the following groups: Benign and malignant epithelial tumors, benign and malignant melanocytic tumors, benign and malignant adnexal tumors, stromal eyelid tumors, lymphoproliferative and metastatic tumors, other rare eyelid tumors, and inflammatory and infections lesions that simulate neoplasms.
Topics: Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Eyelid Neoplasms; Eyelids; Humans; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 27146927
DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.181752 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2019Palpebral hidrocystomas are benign tumors also known as cystic apocrine adenoma, cyst of sweat gland, apocrine retention cyst or cyst of Moll. They originate from...
Palpebral hidrocystomas are benign tumors also known as cystic apocrine adenoma, cyst of sweat gland, apocrine retention cyst or cyst of Moll. They originate from eccrine or apocrine sweat glands and often occur on the face and the eyelids. Other atypical locations such as the chest, the shoulders and the foreskin have been reported. Hidrocystoma is a small translucent, shiny cyst. It appears as single or multiple cystic lesion. Their histogenesis is uncertain. Indeed, apocrine hidrocystoma could arise from the residuals of the primitive apocrine glands or of the gland of Moll. The eccrine hidrocystoma could arise from the eccrine glands or the excretory duct of the glands of Moll. Their clinical differentiation is little obvious and diagnosis is based on histological examination. They are characterized by two clinical presentations: isolated hidrocystomas and the associated types. Isolated hidrocystoma is the most common type: hidrocystoma appears as single or multiple cystic lesions and it is not associated with extraocular signs. Apocrine hidrocystomas are solitary in 93% of cases while eccrine hidrocystomas appear most often as multiple lesions. The associated types are more rare and have been only described for the multiple hidrocystomas. If in the majority of cases a treatment based on argon laser is sufficient, more voluminous hidrocystomas require surgical resection. We here report the case of a young patient presenting with translucent nodule in the external canthus of the left eye. Hidrocystoma, molluscum pendulum and syringoma were the suspected diagnoses. Surgical resection was performed as well as histologic examination which confirmed the diagnosis of hidrocystoma.
Topics: Eyelid Neoplasms; Eyelids; Female; Hidrocystoma; Humans; Sweat Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 31448032
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.70.15601 -
Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology... 2017The ocular adnexa include the eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus, and orbital soft tissue. One percent of all lymphomas and approximately 8% of all extranodal... (Review)
Review
The ocular adnexa include the eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus, and orbital soft tissue. One percent of all lymphomas and approximately 8% of all extranodal lymphomas arise in the ocular adnexa and their incidence is increasing. Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia comprises 16% of all lymphoproliferative tumors of the ocular adnexa. The relative frequencies of ocular adnexal lymphoma presentation are in the orbit, 37%; conjunctiva, 29%; lacrimal apparatus, 20%; and eyelid, 14%. The most frequent primary lymphoma types of the ocular adnexa are extranodal marginal zone lymphoma, 62%; follicular lymphoma, 17%; and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 10%. The eyelids show the highest proportion of secondary lymphoma involvement, 49% of all eyelid lymphoproliferative lesions, compared with 24% in all ocular adnexa. The specific aspects of the site, histologic, immunohistochemical, cytogenetic, and molecular findings of the most relevant lymphoma types occurring in the various parts of the ocular adnexa will be discussed in relation to clinical parameters and relevance for therapy choice. Furthermore, the implications of the updated version of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues in relation to ocular adnexal lymphoma are reviewed.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Conjunctival Neoplasms; Eyelid Neoplasms; Humans; Incidence; Lymphoma; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis
PubMed: 28399341
DOI: 10.22608/APO.2016209 -
Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology... 2017Eyelid malignancies represent between 5% and 10% of all skin cancers. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common, followed by squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous cell... (Review)
Review
Eyelid malignancies represent between 5% and 10% of all skin cancers. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common, followed by squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous cell carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and melanoma. The gold standard treatment for periocular epithelial malignancies is surgical excision. Given the constraints of the anatomy and function of the eyelids, excision with negative margins and reconstruction can be challenging. In cases of significant tissue invasion or metastasis, complete tumor removal may not be possible. This review examines the management of periocular skin cancer from diagnosis and staging, including the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy, to both surgical and nonsurgical treatment. The development of targeted drug therapy against specific genetic mutations in cutaneous malignancies has allowed for the treatment of specific cancer cells with less systemic toxicity than more traditional treatments.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Eyelid Neoplasms; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis
PubMed: 28399340
DOI: 10.22608/APO.201701 -
Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology... 2024In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the five most common malignant eyelid tumors with current treatment recommendations based on international guidelines.... (Review)
Review
In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the five most common malignant eyelid tumors with current treatment recommendations based on international guidelines. Particular attention is paid to the clinicopathological correlation and the update with regard to adequate treatment. Newer systemic therapies enrich the existing treatment options, of which complete tumor excision remains the most important therapeutic measure.
Topics: Humans; Eyelid Neoplasms
PubMed: 38615904
DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100057 -
Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt... Apr 2016Periocular sebaceous carcinoma (PSC) is a rare but aggressive neoplasm that tends to clinically and histopathologically mimic other conditions. PSC can be challenging to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Periocular sebaceous carcinoma (PSC) is a rare but aggressive neoplasm that tends to clinically and histopathologically mimic other conditions. PSC can be challenging to diagnose using histomorphology alone given its overlap with 2 more common tumors that occur in this area (basal cell carcinoma [BCC] and squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]). Use of immunohistochemistry can help resolve this differential diagnosis.
METHODS
A review of the literature was performed, focusing on the epidemiology, morphology, and immunohistochemical features of PSC.
RESULTS
The most useful immunostains in the differential diagnosis of PSC are epithelial membrane antigen, Ber-Ep4, androgen receptor (AR), and adipophilin. To discern PSC from BCC, one should use EMA, Ber-Ep4, AR, and adipophilin, whereas discerning PSC from SCC can be achieved by evaluating AR and adipophilin. In addition, p53 and ERBB2 (formally known as HER2/neu) are other potentially useful immunohistochemical markers for the differential diagnosis of PSC.
CONCLUSIONS
Use of new immunohistochemical techniques, as well as the elucidation of molecular alterations, such as the presence of ERBB2 amplification, will advance our understanding of PSC.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Eyelid Neoplasms; Eyelids; Humans; Immunohistochemistry
PubMed: 27218789
DOI: 10.1177/107327481602300206 -
American Family Physician Jun 1998Eyelid problems range from benign, self-resolving processes to malignant, possibly metastatic, tumors. Inflammation, infection, benign and malignant tumors, and... (Review)
Review
Eyelid problems range from benign, self-resolving processes to malignant, possibly metastatic, tumors. Inflammation, infection, benign and malignant tumors, and structural problems such as ectropion, entropion and blepharoptosis may occur. Fortunately, most eyelid disorders are not vision-threatening or life-threatening; however, many cause irritative symptoms such as burning, foreign-body sensation or pain. Blepharitis, or eyelid inflammation, one of the most common problems, is characterized by erythematous eyelids with accumulation of debris along the eyelid margin. Malignant eyelid tumors may be associated with lash loss and erosion of normal eyelid structures. Recognition and diagnosis of these problems are crucial to their proper management. Warm compresses and antibiotics suffice for many conditions, while excision, cryotherapy or laser treatment are required for some.
Topics: Eyelid Diseases; Eyelid Neoplasms; Humans
PubMed: 9636333
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuro-Signals Mar 2022The goal of radiotherapy in the treatment of eyelid and ocular surface tumors is to eradicate tumor burden in a manner that maintains visual function and preserve... (Review)
Review
The goal of radiotherapy in the treatment of eyelid and ocular surface tumors is to eradicate tumor burden in a manner that maintains visual function and preserve surrounding sensitive ocular tissue. Interventional radiotherapy (IRT-brachytherapy) is a radiotherapy technique associated with a highly focal dose distribution, with the advantage of boosting limited size target volumes to very high dose while sparing normal tissue. The reduction in the ocular and adnexal complications that result from this form of therapy, has led in recent years, to an increase in the use of IRT for the treatment of eyelid and ocular surface tumors. For eyelid malignancies, IRT is used as an independent treatment in small eyelids tumors, in postoperative treatment of high-risk patients and as well as salvage therapy in local recurrences. In the treatment of conjunctival malignancies, due to the high risk of local recurrence, the use of adjuvant therapies as IRT has shown to improve outcomes. In this review, we focus on eyelid and ocular surface IRT techniques and provide an overview of indication, outcomes and toxicity of IRT for the treatment of naïve and recurrent eyelid and conjunctival tumors.
Topics: Brachytherapy; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Eyelid Neoplasms; Eyelids; Humans; Recurrence
PubMed: 35333486
DOI: 10.33594/000000505 -
Dermatology Online Journal May 2019Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is an uncommon tumor affecting the head and neck region. It usually presents as solitary or multiple erythematous or brownish... (Review)
Review
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is an uncommon tumor affecting the head and neck region. It usually presents as solitary or multiple erythematous or brownish papules and nodules. It is considered a reactive angioproliferative disorder by some, whereas others believe it to be a neoplastic growth. Involvement of the eyelid is a rare occurrence. We report an instance of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia involving the eyelid in a 19-year-old woman with review of literature.
Topics: Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia; Eyelid Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Young Adult
PubMed: 31220905
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Mar 2024The eyelids are a common site for skin tumours and account for 5-10% of all skin tumours. Treatment is mainly surgical and aims to preserve the anatomical structure of...
INTRODUCTION
The eyelids are a common site for skin tumours and account for 5-10% of all skin tumours. Treatment is mainly surgical and aims to preserve the anatomical structure of the eyelid, its function and not least its aesthetic appearance.
AIM
Presentation of recurrence and complication rates of tumour-related eyelid surgery in a cohort of 450 tumours.
RESULTS
Analysis of a cohort of 450 tumours operated on revealed 13 (2.8%) operations with recurrences and 32 (7%) with complications. The statistical significance of recurrences was observed for the involved and uninvolved ciliary margin. At the temporal canthus, 23.1% of recurrences occurred compared to 7.7% at the medial canthus. SGC has the highest recurrence rate. Complications include the following: ectropion, dehiscence, gross cicatrix with normal function, retraction, post-radiation damage, sub-graft haemorrhage and graft rejection.
CONCLUSIONS
The recurrence rate of eyelid tumours is lower than that of complications. The choice of surgical technique determines the frequency of complications and histological control of the excised tissue, as well as the frequency of recurrences.
Topics: Humans; Eyelid Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Female; Male; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Middle Aged; Aged; Postoperative Complications; Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Eyelids
PubMed: 38668033
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31040130