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Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Heat stress can have an impact on parental gamete maturation and reproduction functions. According to current research, the microbial composition of the vaginal cavity...
Heat stress can have an impact on parental gamete maturation and reproduction functions. According to current research, the microbial composition of the vaginal cavity is species specific. Pregnancy, menstruation, and genital diseases have been linked to the dynamics of vaginal ecology. In this study, we characterized the vaginal microbiota and metabolites after heat stress. At the phylum level, the rabbit's vaginal microbial composition of rabbit showed high similarity with that of humans. In the Heat group, the relative abundance of the dominant microbiota , , and increased, while the relative abundance of decreased. Furthermore, heat stress significantly increased the relative abundance of , , , , , and , whereas the relative abundance of 12 genera significantly decreased, including , , , , , , , , , , , and Besides, the relative concentrations of 158 metabolites differed significantly between the Heat and Control groups. Among them, the endocrine hormone estradiol (E) increased in the Heat group and was positively associated with a number of metabolites such as linolelaidic acid (C18:2N6T), N-acetylsphingosine, N-oleoyl glycine, trans-petroselinic acid, syringic acid, 2-(1-adamantyl)-1-morpholinoethan-1-one, 5-OxoETE, and 16-heptadecyne-1,2,4-triol. Further, the majority of the differential metabolites were enriched in steroid biosynthesis and endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption pathways, reflecting that heat stress may affect calcium metabolism, hormone-induced signaling, and endocrine balance of vaginal ecology. These findings provide a comprehensive depiction of rabbit vaginal ecology and reveal the effects of heat stress on the vagina the analysis of vaginal microbiome and metabolome, which may provide a new thought for low female fertility under heat stress.
PubMed: 35495670
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.813622 -
PloS One 2023Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common mental behavioral disorder in children. Alterations in gut microbiota composition are associated with...
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common mental behavioral disorder in children. Alterations in gut microbiota composition are associated with neurological disorders. We aimed to investigate whether a ketogenic diet (KD) can be an alternative therapy for ADHD by altering the gut microbiota. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were randomly allocated to the normal diet (ND), methylphenidate (MPH), and KD groups. SHR in groups KD and MPH exhibited a significant increase in behavioral characteristics of ADHD, such as distance moved and immobility time. KD and MPH treatment led to a significant elevation in concentrations of 5-HT, AC, cAMP, and NE of brain tissue and the expression of DRD1, DAT, PKA, DARPP32, and cAMP at the protein level in WKY rats and SHR. KD and MPH significantly increased the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in SHR. The abundance of Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Blautia significantly increased, whereas that of Lactobacillus, Romboutsia, Facklamia, and Turicibacter significantly declined in the KD group compared with the ND group. The gut microbiota in the KD group of SHR mainly participated in amino acid metabolism- and sugar metabolism-related pathways. KD might alleviate behavioral disorders in ADHD by regulating gut microbiota. This study provides novel insights for the use of KD in treating ADHD.
Topics: Rats; Male; Animals; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Rats, Inbred WKY; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diet, Ketogenic; Methylphenidate; Rats, Inbred SHR; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 37585373
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289133 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Feb 2022Pyelonephritis is one of the most serious bacterial illnesses during childhood. Gram-negative organisms account for up to 90% of the cases. Gram-positive bacteria are... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pyelonephritis is one of the most serious bacterial illnesses during childhood. Gram-negative organisms account for up to 90% of the cases. Gram-positive bacteria are uncommon causes of urinary tract infections, and only a few cases caused by Facklamia hominis have been reported in the literature.
CASE PRESENTATION
A five-year-old girl with tracheostomy and gastrostomy and past medical history of congenital lymphangioma presented with a two-week history of with intermittent fever, frequent urination, and vesical tenesmus. Diagnosis of pyelonephritis was made. Urine culture reported colonies with alpha-hemolysis in blood agar at 48-h of incubation and Facklamia hominis was identified by MALDI-TOF. The patient was successfully treated with gentamicin.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first reported case of pyelonephritis by Facklamia hominis in a child, and the second involving infection in a pediatric patient. Although this pathogen is uncommon, current treatment of F. hominis is a challenge for physicians. This case illustrates the requirement to standardize identification and treatment of care to avoid treatment failure and antimicrobial resistance.
Topics: Aerococcaceae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool; Female; Fever; Gentamicins; Humans; Pyelonephritis; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 35151319
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-022-00497-4 -
PloS One 2022Psychological stress is associated with various oral diseases such as aphthous stomatitis, oral lichen planus, taste disturbances and glossodynia. However, the...
Psychological stress is associated with various oral diseases such as aphthous stomatitis, oral lichen planus, taste disturbances and glossodynia. However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of psychological stress on salivary proteins and the oral microbiota in a rat model of chronic restraint stress. Six-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to restraint stress for four hours daily for 1 month. The behavior, weights of the adrenal glands, and serum corticosterone levels were evaluated as stress markers. Proteomic analysis of the saliva was performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry and Western blotting. Analysis of the oral microbiota was performed via 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing. The low mean body weights, lower number of entries and time spent in the open arm of elevated plus maze, high adrenal gland/body weight ratios, and high serum corticosterone levels confirmed the high levels of stress in the stress group of rats compared to the controls. Thirty-three protein spots were found to be significantly altered between the two groups. After silver staining, seven visible spots were subjected for mass spectrometry, and the expression levels of the two most significantly altered proteins, BPI fold containing family A member 2 and von Ebner's gland protein, were confirmed by Western blotting. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed a significant reduction in alpha diversity in the stress group compared to the controls. The abundances of oral bacteria, such as Facklamia and Corynebacterium, were significantly altered between the two groups. Additionally, analysis with PICRUSt2 software predicted 37 different functional pathways to be altered between the groups. In conclusion, the present study identified altered salivary proteins and oral microbiota due to psychological stress. These findings might aid in understanding the pathogenesis of stress-related oral diseases.
Topics: Animals; Corticosterone; Microbiota; Mouth; Proteomics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 35613108
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268155 -
Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2017species are a rarely reported etiology of clinical infection with few cases described in literature. However, the prevalence of infection may be underestimated due to...
species are a rarely reported etiology of clinical infection with few cases described in literature. However, the prevalence of infection may be underestimated due to challenges in species identification. We describe 3 cases of species bacteremia and the unique microbiologic aspects inherent to this genus that make it particularly challenging to identify. In addition, given the unique susceptibility profile of species, we discuss the importance of fully identifying this organism when it is a suspected as a pathogen, to optimize therapy based on its distinct antibiotic resistance profile.
PubMed: 28480264
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw272 -
BMC Urology Dec 2020Transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) is one of the most frequent routine procedures in urology. Because of the semisterile environment, postoperative...
BACKGROUND
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) is one of the most frequent routine procedures in urology. Because of the semisterile environment, postoperative infections, including sepsis, are a common complication, with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis or Enterococcus faecalis as frequently isolated pathogens. Facklamia hominis is a gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, alpha-hemolytic, catalase-negative coccus that was first described in 1997. To date, only a few cases of infectious complications have been described. We report the first case of postoperative bacteremia due to Facklamia hominis after TUR-P.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 82-year-old man developed fever only a few hours after elective TUR-P because of benign prostate syndrome. After cultivation of blood cultures, antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone was intravenously administered and changed to oral cotrimoxazole before discharge of the afebrile patient. One anaerobic blood culture revealed Facklamia hominis. Under antibiotic therapy, the patient remained afebrile and showed no signs of infections during follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
Fever and bacteremia are frequent complications after TUR-P. This study is the first report of Facklamia hominis in a postoperative blood culture after TUR-P. To date, there are only a few reports of patients with infectious complications and isolation of Facklamia hominis in various patient samples. Because Facklamia hominis resembles viridans streptococci on blood agar analysis, this pathogen may often be misidentified. In this case identification of Facklamia hominis was possible with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. It has been postulated that Facklamia hominis might be a facultative pathogen and that its incidence will increase in the future.
Topics: Aerococcaceae; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteremia; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Postoperative Complications; Transurethral Resection of Prostate
PubMed: 33287796
DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-00762-8 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Domestic yaks () are indigenous to the Tibetan Plateau and display a high diarrhea rate due to poor habitat and husbandry conditions. has been shown to exert beneficial...
Domestic yaks () are indigenous to the Tibetan Plateau and display a high diarrhea rate due to poor habitat and husbandry conditions. has been shown to exert beneficial effects as antimicrobial, growth promotion, and gut microbiota in humans and/or murine models, but the relevant data regarding isolated from yaks was unavailable. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of from yaks on the intestinal microbial community in a mouse model and determine whether supplementation contributed in alleviating diarrhea by modulating gut microbiota. A total of 12 ileac samples from four groups were collected for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of V3-V4 region. Results revealed that although supplementation did not change the diversity of gut microbiota in mice, the proportion of some intestinal microbiota significantly changed. Specifically, the proportion of and in the treated-group (L-group) were increased as compared to control group (C-group), whereas , , , , , , , , , and were significantly decreased in the L-group. In contrast, () infection significantly decreased the proportion of beneficial bacteria such as , , , and , while loads of pathogenic bacteria significantly increased including and . Interestingly, administration could ameliorate the microbial community structure of -induced diarrheal mice by reducing the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as , , , , , , and . Results in this study revealed that supplementation not only improved the gut microbiota but also alleviated diarrhea in mice, which may be mediated by modulating the composition and function of gut microbiota. Moreover, this study is expected to provide a new theoretical basis for the establishment of a preventive and treatment system for diarrhea in yaks.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Diarrhea; Escherichia coli; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillus; Mice; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 33665171
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.610781 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2022This study aimed to compare the immune function and gut microbiota between double-layer caged and litter floor pen-raised broiler chickens. Eighty meaty male chicks were...
This study aimed to compare the immune function and gut microbiota between double-layer caged and litter floor pen-raised broiler chickens. Eighty meaty male chicks were selected and divided into cage group and litter floor group, with 20 replicates in each group. The broilers were raised in the same chicken house. The rearing density of the two rearing systems was same. The broilers were sampled on days 13 and 34. The results showed that compared with the cage group, the litter floor broilers had worse growth performance (23.24% increase in feed conversion ratio) in the early stage; better slaughter performance at day 42; stronger peripheral immune function (including higher lysozyme activity, T-cell ratio, Th-cell ratio, Tc-cell ratio, CD4/CD8, IL-10, B-cell ratio, IgG and IgA levels; and spleen immune-related gene expression); and stronger intestinal immune function (including higher ileum , , , , , , and mRNA expression levels and ileal mucosa sIgA levels). Compared with the cage group, the alpha diversity of ileum microbiota of the litter floor broilers was higher, and the relative abundance levels of litter breeding bacteria (, , and ) and potential pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus and Staphylococcus) were higher (0.05). Through Spearman correlation analysis, it was found that enriched microbes in the ileum of litter floor broilers were positively correlated with immune function. In summary, compared with cage broilers, litter floor broilers had more potential pathogenic bacteria and litter breeding bacteria in the ileum, which may be one of the important reasons for the stronger immune function status. In China, the three-dimensional rearing system (cage) for broilers has gradually become a trend. In production, it was found that the incidence of disease in broiler chickens raised in cage systems was significantly higher than that of ground litter. Given that broilers raised on ground litter systems may be exposed to more environmental microbes, it is important to understand whether the rearing environment affects the function and status of the host immune system by altering the gut microbiota. In this study, rearing environment-derived gut microbes associated with stronger immune function in ground litter broilers were provided, which will provide new insights into strategies to target gut microbes to promote immune function and status in broilers raised in cages.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Chickens; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Immunity; Immunoglobulin A; Male; Meat
PubMed: 35766494
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00045-22 -
BMC Medicine Mar 2023Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), which is associated with vaginal dysbiosis, is responsible for up to one-third of all preterm births. Consecutive...
BACKGROUND
Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), which is associated with vaginal dysbiosis, is responsible for up to one-third of all preterm births. Consecutive ascending colonization, infection, and inflammation may lead to relevant neonatal morbidity including early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). The present study aims to assess the vaginal microbial composition of PPROM patients and its development under standard antibiotic therapy and to evaluate the usefulness of the vaginal microbiota for the prediction of EONS. It moreover aims to decipher neonatal microbiota at birth as possible mirror of the in utero microbiota.
METHODS
As part of the PEONS prospective multicenter cohort study, 78 women with PPROM and their 89 neonates were recruited. Maternal vaginal and neonatal pharyngeal, rectal, umbilical cord blood, and meconium microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Significant differences between the sample groups were evaluated using permutational multivariate analysis of variance and differently distributed taxa by the Mann-Whitney test. Potential biomarkers for the prediction of EONS were analyzed using the MetaboAnalyst platform.
RESULTS
Vaginal microbiota at admission after PPROM were dominated by Lactobacillus spp. Standard antibiotic treatment triggers significant changes in microbial community (relative depletion of Lactobacillus spp. and relative enrichment of Ureaplasma parvum) accompanied by an increase in bacterial diversity, evenness and richness. The neonatal microbiota showed a heterogeneous microbial composition where meconium samples were characterized by specific taxa enriched in this niche. The vaginal microbiota at birth was shown to have the potential to predict EONS with Escherichia/Shigella and Facklamia as risk taxa and Anaerococcus obesiensis and Campylobacter ureolyticus as protective taxa. EONS cases could also be predicted at a reasonable rate from neonatal meconium communities with the protective taxa Bifidobacterium longum, Agathobacter rectale, and S. epidermidis as features.
CONCLUSIONS
Vaginal and neonatal microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing after PPROM may form the basis of individualized risk assessment for consecutive EONS. Further studies on extended cohorts are necessary to evaluate how far this technique may in future close a diagnostic gap to optimize and personalize the clinical management of PPROM patients.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT03819192, ClinicalTrials.gov. Registered on January 28, 2019.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Neonatal Sepsis; Premature Birth; Pregnant Women; Cohort Studies; Prospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbiota
PubMed: 36907851
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02805-x -
Digestive and Liver Disease : Official... Nov 2023Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with imbalance of gut microbiome, indicating participation of gut environment in hepatic health status. Therefore,...
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with imbalance of gut microbiome, indicating participation of gut environment in hepatic health status. Therefore, modulating gut environment via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising therapeutic procedure for NASH patients. However, the effect and mechanism of the FMT remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the gut-liver axis to understand the FMT-mediated hepatic improvement in NASH. Feces from specific pathogen free mice were infused allogeneically into gastrointestinal tract of mice fed with high fat, high cholesterol and fructose (HFHCF), resulting in suppressing hepatic pathogenic events, featured by decreasing inflammatory and fibrotic mediators. The FMT elevated NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a key transcription factor that regulates antioxidant enzymes, in livers. The HFHCF-induced NASH increased intestinal permeability with abundant Facklamia and Aerococcus, an imbalanced gut environment that was significantly improved by the FMT, characterized with restoration of intestinal barrier function and an enrichment of Clostridium. Notably, the gut environment created by FMT was inferred to produce metabolites from the aromatic biogenic amine degradation pathway, specifically 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA), which is known to ameliorate liver injury. We suggest that gut-derived molecules, related to hepatic improvement such as 4-HPA are the potential therapeutic agents for preventing and treating NASH.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Oxidative Stress; Inflammation
PubMed: 37380586
DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.06.015