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Hand Clinics Feb 2020The VY advancement, thenar flaps, and cross-finger flaps are workhorse flaps used in reconstruction of fingertip defects. They are reliable and simple to raise without... (Review)
Review
The VY advancement, thenar flaps, and cross-finger flaps are workhorse flaps used in reconstruction of fingertip defects. They are reliable and simple to raise without need for microvascular dissection. In addition, they usually provide good results in terms of sensibility and range of motion. This article reviews the history, anatomy, and surgical technique of these flaps with a focus on aesthetic refinements with illustrative cases.
Topics: Amputation, Traumatic; Esthetics; Finger Injuries; Fingers; Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Surgical Flaps
PubMed: 31757344
DOI: 10.1016/j.hcl.2019.08.003 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021The 10-s grip and release is a method to evaluate hand dexterity. Current evaluations only visually determine the presence or absence of a disability, but experienced...
The 10-s grip and release is a method to evaluate hand dexterity. Current evaluations only visually determine the presence or absence of a disability, but experienced physicians may also make other diagnoses. In this study, we investigated a method for evaluating hand movement function by acquiring and analyzing fingertip data during a 10-s grip and release using a wearable sensor that can measure triaxial acceleration and strain. The subjects were two healthy females. The analysis was performed on the x-, y-, and z-axis data, and absolute acceleration and contact force of all fingertips. We calculated the variability of the data, the number of grip and release, the frequency response, and each finger's correlation. Experiments with some grip-and-release patterns have resulted in different characteristics for each. It was suggested that this could be expressed in radar charts to intuitively know the state of grip and release. Contact-force data of each finger were found to be useful for understanding the characteristics of grip and release and improving the accuracy of calculating the number of times to grip and release. Frequency analysis suggests that knowing the periodicity of grip and release can detect unnatural grip and release and tremor states. The correlations between the fingers allow us to consider the finger's grip-and-release characteristics, considering the hand's anatomy. By taking these factors into account, it is thought that the 10-s grip-and-release test could give us a new value by objectively assessing the motor functions of the hands other than the number of times of grip and release.
Topics: Acceleration; Female; Fingers; Hand; Hand Strength; Humans; Movement
PubMed: 33803456
DOI: 10.3390/s21051918 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022Finger vein recognition has drawn increasing attention as one of the most popular and promising biometrics due to its high distinguishing ability, security, and...
Finger vein recognition has drawn increasing attention as one of the most popular and promising biometrics due to its high distinguishing ability, security, and non-invasive procedure. The main idea of traditional schemes is to directly extract features from finger vein images and then compare features to find the best match. However, the features extracted from images contain much redundant data, while the features extracted from patterns are greatly influenced by image segmentation methods. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes a new finger vein recognition algorithm by generating code. The proposed method does not require an image segmentation algorithm, is simple to calculate, and has a small amount of data. Firstly, the finger vein images were divided into blocks to calculate the mean value. Then, the centrosymmetric coding was performed using the matrix generated by blocking and averaging. The obtained codewords were concatenated as the feature codewords of the image. The similarity between vein codes is measured by the ratio of minimum Hamming distance to codeword length. Extensive experiments on two public finger vein databases verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results indicate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and has competitive potential in performing the matching task.
Topics: Algorithms; Biometry; Databases, Factual; Fingers; Veins
PubMed: 35336406
DOI: 10.3390/s22062234 -
European Journal of Sport Science Feb 2022This study had two objectives: (a) revealing kinetic parameter differences at the fingers during a fastball and curveball, and (b) examining timing control between the...
This study had two objectives: (a) revealing kinetic parameter differences at the fingers during a fastball and curveball, and (b) examining timing control between the wrist and finger torques. The participants were eight baseball pitchers. The kinetics of the wrist and fingers were calculated using an inverse dynamics method. The peak torque and work of finger adduction during the curveball was significantly larger than that during the fastball. During the fastball pitch, the maximal correlation coefficient between the wrist flexion torque and finger flexion torque was very high ( = 0.94 ± 0.05). The reasons for this result are twofold: (a) the extrinsic finger muscles cross the wrist (biarticular muscle) and (b) the wrist flexion torque during the fastball pitch acts in the direction of acceleration of the ball. During the curveball pitch, we found two typical types of wrist and finger torque control. Furthermore, the two pitchers exerted large wrist extension and radial torque, and finger adduction torque. Although the other six pitchers hardly exerted these torques, they exerted wrist flexion torque predominantly. It was considered that the six pitchers selected wrist flexion torque as the control for the fastball and curveball pitch to confuse the batter.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Fingers; Humans; Kinetics; Torque; Wrist; Wrist Joint
PubMed: 33331246
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1866080 -
PloS One 2022Mild proximal-to-distal tapering of the fingers is a relatively common trait in humans. When more extreme, finger tapering is a feature observed in many genetic...
Mild proximal-to-distal tapering of the fingers is a relatively common trait in humans. When more extreme, finger tapering is a feature observed in many genetic syndromes. The range of variation for finger tapering in the general population is not well understood, and sex differences in the degree of tapering, while suspected, have not been documented. Part of the difficulty is a lack of objective methods to evaluate finger tapering. In the present report, we developed a tapering index based on linear measures derived from digital hand scans. We measured this index in a sample of 166 male and 166 age-matched female adults. We then looked at correlations both among fingers and with demographic and anthropometric variables, followed by tests for sex differences. We observed weak correlations between tapering and age, height and weight. Correlations between pairs of fingers tended to be more in the moderate range and were highest among the middle three fingers (ranging from 0.34 to 0.64). Tapering tended to increase slightly moving radially across the hand from the fifth finger to the second finger. Males showed less tapering than females for all fingers, with statistically significant differences involving the left second finger (p = 0.003), left fifth finger (p< 0.001), right second finger (p = 0.038), and right fourth finger (p = 0.021). Finally, we established baseline norms for both males and females out to three standard deviations. Our results indicate that finger tapering is present, to some degree, in most of the population and that the trait can be measured using a relatively simple and non-invasive method. These findings may have relevance for fields as diverse as medical genetics, forensics, and industrial design.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Male; Female; Fingers; Anthropometry; Reference Values; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 36576913
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279202 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2019Exceptional finger dexterity enables skillful motor actions such as those required for musical performance. However, it has been not known whether and in what manner... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Exceptional finger dexterity enables skillful motor actions such as those required for musical performance. However, it has been not known whether and in what manner neuromuscular or biomechanical features of the fingers subserve the dexterity. We aimed to identify the features firstly differentiating the finger dexterity between trained and untrained individuals and secondly accounting for the individual differences in the dexterity across trained individuals. To this aim, two studies were conducted. The first study compared the finger dexterity and several neuromuscular and biomechanical characteristics of the fingers between pianists and non-musicians. As a measure of the dexterity, we used the maximum rate of repetitive finger movements. The results showed no differences in any biomechanical constraints of the fingers between the two groups (i.e. anatomical connectivity between the fingers and range of motion). However, the pianists exhibited faster finger movements and more independent control of movements between the fingers. These observations indicate expertise-dependent enhancement of the finger dexterity and reduction of neuromuscular constraints on movement independence between the fingers. The second study assessed individual differences in the finger dexterity between trained pianists. A penalized regression determined an association of the maximum movement speed of the fingers with both muscular strength and biomechanical characteristics of the fingers, but not with neuromuscular constraints of the fingers. None of these features covaried with measures of early and deliberate piano practice. These findings indicate that distinct biological factors of finger motor dexterity differentiate between the effects of piano practicing and individual differences across skilled pianists.
Topics: Adult; Biomechanical Phenomena; Female; Fingers; Humans; Male; Motor Skills; Music; Psychomotor Performance
PubMed: 31434947
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48718-9 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Apr 2020
Topics: Female; Fingers; Hematoma; Humans; Middle Aged
PubMed: 32238371
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.87a.19122 -
Hand Clinics Feb 2020Retrograde flow digital artery flaps are a versatile single-stage option for the coverage of fingertip and dorsal digit defects. There are technical challenges... (Review)
Review
Retrograde flow digital artery flaps are a versatile single-stage option for the coverage of fingertip and dorsal digit defects. There are technical challenges associated with pedicle dissection and preparation. Techniques vary predominantly in the vessel utilized (either the proper digital artery or its branches) and the incorporation of the digital nerve or its branches in the pedicle with subsequent neurorrhaphy. Venous failure is more common. There is often mild but perceivable donor site morbidity. Evidence favors an innervated flap for better sensory recovery. Cold intolerance follows sacrifice of a digital artery.
Topics: Finger Injuries; Fingers; Humans; Orthopedic Procedures; Surgical Flaps
PubMed: 31757346
DOI: 10.1016/j.hcl.2019.08.005 -
Orthopaedic Surgery Jun 2022Digital trauma amputations and digital agenesis strongly affect the functionality and aesthetic appearance of the hand. Autologous reconstruction is the gold standard of... (Review)
Review
Digital trauma amputations and digital agenesis strongly affect the functionality and aesthetic appearance of the hand. Autologous reconstruction is the gold standard of treatment. Unfortunately, microsurgical options and transplantation procedures are not possible for patients who present contraindications or refuse to undergo transplantation from the toe (e.g. toe-to-thumb transplantation). To address these issues, osseointegrated finger prostheses are a promising alternative. The functional assessments registered during follow-up confirmed the promising outcomes of osseointegrated prostheses in the treatment of hand finger amputees. This review outlines (a) a detailed analysis of osseointegrated finger metallic components of the implants, (b) the surgical procedures suggested in the literature, and (c) the functional assessments and promising outcomes that demonstrate the potential of these medical osseointegrated devices in the treatment of finger amputees.
Topics: Amputation, Traumatic; Amputees; Artificial Limbs; Fingers; Humans; Osseointegration
PubMed: 35524645
DOI: 10.1111/os.13296 -
Physiological Reports Mar 2020Cooperative hand movements (e.g., opening a bottle) require a close coordination of the hands. This is reflected in a neural coupling between the two sides. The aim of...
Cooperative hand movements (e.g., opening a bottle) require a close coordination of the hands. This is reflected in a neural coupling between the two sides. The aim of this study was to investigate in how far neural coupling is present not only during bilateral hand but also during bilateral finger movements. For this purpose unilateral mechanical and electrical nerve stimuli were delivered during bilateral sequentially and synchronously performed finger movements on a keyboard and, for comparison, during bilateral hand flexion movements. Electromyographic (EMG) activity and reflex responses in forearm flexor and extensor muscles of both sides were recorded and analyzed. Confounding EMG activity related to hand movements during the finger task was limited by wrist fixating braces. During the hand flexion task, complex reflex responses appeared in the forearm muscles of both sides to unilateral stimulation of the ulnar nerve (mean latency 57 ms), reflecting neural coupling between the two hands. In contrast, during the bilateral finger movement task, unilateral electrical nerve or mechanical stimulation of the right index finger was followed by dominant ipsilateral reflex responses (latency 45 and 58 ms, respectively). The results indicate that in contrast to the coupled hand movements, finger movements may not be coupled but can move independently on each side. Functionally this makes sense because during most activities of daily living, a close cooperation of the hands but not of individual fingers is needed. This independence of individual finger movements may rely on strong, specific, contralateral cortico-motoneuronal control.
Topics: Adult; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Fingers; Hand; Humans; Male; Movement; Muscle, Skeletal; Neurons; Psychomotor Performance; Reflex; Ulnar Nerve
PubMed: 32198852
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14393