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British Medical Journal Aug 1963
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Dermatologic Agents; Framycetin; Humans; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 14043718
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5355.499 -
British Medical Journal Feb 1975The reception, admission, and subsequent management of casualties from the Summerland fire are described. A senior member ofthe staff assessed priorities and direceted...
The reception, admission, and subsequent management of casualties from the Summerland fire are described. A senior member ofthe staff assessed priorities and direceted casualties to different prearranged teams, and a nurse was allocated to each patient to aid continuity of treatment and documentation. Though regular revision and discussion of major accident procedures with all members of the hospital staff and co-ordination with other rescue workers is helpful expensive rehearsals are of limited value in a civilian incident.
Topics: Affective Symptoms; Asphyxia; Blood Donors; Burns; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Death; Disasters; Emergency Service, Hospital; England; Fires; Framycetin; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Intensive Care Units; Sulfadiazine; Telephone
PubMed: 1111764
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5952.256 -
Journal of Dairy Science Oct 2014Dry cow therapy is an important part of mastitis control. This therapy typically consists of an antibiotic or antibiotics administered at a single dose by intramammary...
In vitro susceptibility of bovine mastitis pathogens to a combination of penicillin and framycetin: development of interpretive criteria for testing by broth microdilution and disk diffusion.
Dry cow therapy is an important part of mastitis control. This therapy typically consists of an antibiotic or antibiotics administered at a single dose by intramammary infusion at dry off to treat or prevent infection by prevalent mastitis pathogens. A combination dry cow therapy consisting of the active components penicillin and framycetin is currently used in several countries. Despite its use, standardized methods for the susceptibility testing of this combination against mastitis pathogens have not been established. In this study, which used Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methodology, preliminary interpretive criteria for the broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing of mastitis pathogens to penicillin combined with framycetin (2:1 wt/wt) were established based on the amount of drug achieved and maintained postadministration in the udder. Based on resulting MIC distributions of recent veterinary field isolates and a subset of isolates preselected for resistance to β-lactams or aminoglycosides and concentrations achieved postadministration, criteria for broth microdilution testing of the combination (susceptible, intermediate, resistant in micrograms per milliliter) were set as follows: Escherichia coli ≤8/4, 16/8, ≥32/16; Staphylococcus spp. ≤2/1, 4/2-8/4, >16/8; Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae <0.25/0.12, 0.5/0.25-2/1, >4/2. A disk diffusion test using disks containing 100 μg of framycetin and 10 IU of penicillin was also developed, and preliminary interpretive criteria (susceptible, intermediate, resistant in millimeters) were set based on correlation to broth MIC values and the minimization of interpretive errors between isolates tested concurrently by broth microdilution and disk diffusion as follows: E. coli ≥18, 16-17, ≤15; Staphylococcus spp. ≥21, 18-20, ≤17; Strep. uberis and Strep. dysgalactiae ≥21, 19-20, ≤18. In addition, ranges for the quality control of the testing of this combination by both broth microdilution and disk diffusion are provided. Based on these criteria and recent veterinary mastitis isolates, 96.0/96.8% of E. coli, 93.7/89.1% of Staph. aureus, 94.6/96.4% coagulase-negative staphylococci, 94.5/97.0% of Strep. uberis, and 96.7/100.0% Strep. dysgalactiae were susceptible to the combination by broth microdilution or disk diffusion, respectively. The availability of these methods will allow for the susceptibility testing of clinical isolates in the field and will also provide a way to monitor for resistance development as this combination is used going forward.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Female; Framycetin; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis, Bovine; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillins; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 25129497
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8027 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Feb 2012Aloe vera is a cactus-like perennial succulent belonging to the Liliaceae Family that is commonly grown in tropical climates. Animal studies have suggested that Aloe... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Aloe vera is a cactus-like perennial succulent belonging to the Liliaceae Family that is commonly grown in tropical climates. Animal studies have suggested that Aloe vera may help accelerate the wound healing process.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the effects of Aloe vera-derived products (for example dressings and topical gels) on the healing of acute wounds (for example lacerations, surgical incisions and burns) and chronic wounds (for example infected wounds, arterial and venous ulcers).
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register (9 September 2011), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 3), Ovid MEDLINE (2005 to August Week 5 2011), Ovid MEDLINE (In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations 8 September 2011), Ovid EMBASE (2007 to 2010 Week 35), Ovid AMED (1985 to September 2011) and EBSCO CINAHL (1982 to 9 September 2011). We did not apply date or language restrictions.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included all randomised controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of Aloe vera, aloe-derived products and a combination of Aloe vera and other dressings as a treatment for acute or chronic wounds. There was no restriction in terms of source, date of publication or language. An objective measure of wound healing (either proportion of completely healed wounds or time to complete healing) was the primary endpoint.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently carried out trial selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment, checked by a third review author.
MAIN RESULTS
Seven trials were eligible for inclusion, comprising a total of 347 participants. Five trials in people with acute wounds evaluated the effects of Aloe vera on burns, haemorrhoidectomy patients and skin biopsies. Aloe vera mucilage did not increase burn healing compared with silver sulfadiazine (risk ratio (RR) 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70 to 2.85). A reduction in healing time with Aloe vera was noted after haemorrhoidectomy (RR 16.33 days, 95% CI 3.46 to 77.15) and there was no difference in the proportion of patients completely healed at follow up after skin biopsies. In people with chronic wounds, one trial found no statistically significant difference in pressure ulcer healing with Aloe vera (RR 0.10, 95% CI -1.59 to 1.79) and in a trial of surgical wounds healing by secondary intention Aloe vera significantly delayed healing (mean difference 30 days, 95% CI 7.59 to 52.41). Clinical heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. The poor quality of the included trials indicates that the trial results must be viewed with extreme caution as they have a high risk of bias.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is currently an absence of high quality clinical trial evidence to support the use of Aloe vera topical agents or Aloe vera dressings as treatments for acute and chronic wounds.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aloe; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bandages; Biopsy; Burns; Chronic Disease; Framycetin; Gels; Hemorrhoids; Humans; Phytotherapy; Pressure Ulcer; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Silver Sulfadiazine; Skin; Time Factors; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 22336851
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008762.pub2 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Oct 1996Carbohydrates in biological systems are often associated with specific recognition and signaling processes leading to important biological functions and diseases.... (Review)
Review
Carbohydrates in biological systems are often associated with specific recognition and signaling processes leading to important biological functions and diseases. Considerable efforts have been directed toward understanding and mimicking the recognition processes and developing effective agents to control the processes. The pace of discovery research in glycobiology and development of carbohydrate-based therapeutics, however, has been relatively slow due to the lack of appropriate strategies and methods available for carbohydrate-related research. This review summarizes some of the most recent developments in the field, with particular emphasis on work from our laboratories regarding the use of chemoenzymatic strategies to tackle the carbohydrate recognition problem. Highlights include the study of selectin-carbohydrate and aminoglycoside-RNA interactions and development of agents for the intervention of these recognition processes.
Topics: Base Sequence; Carbohydrate Sequence; Carbohydrates; Cell Adhesion; Drug Design; Framycetin; Glycopeptides; Glycoproteins; Glycoside Hydrolases; Glycosyltransferases; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligosaccharides; Selectins; Sialyl Lewis X Antigen; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 8901537
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.22.12086 -
ChemPlusChem Nov 2022High-resolution mass spectrometry was used for the label-free, direct localization and relative quantification of CMC -modifications of a neomycin-sensing riboswitch...
High-resolution mass spectrometry was used for the label-free, direct localization and relative quantification of CMC -modifications of a neomycin-sensing riboswitch aptamer domain in the absence and presence of the aminoglycoside ligands neomycin B, ribostamycin, and paromomycin. The chemical probing and MS data for the free riboswitch show high exposure to solvent of the uridine nucleobases U7, U8, U13, U14, U18 as part of the proposed internal and apical loops, but those of U10 and U21 as part of the proposed internal loop were found to be far less exposed than expected. Thus, our data are in better agreement with the proposed secondary structure of the riboswitch in complexes with aminoglycosides than with that of free RNA. For the riboswitch in complexes with neomycin B, ribostamycin, and paromomycin, we found highly similar CMC -modification patterns and excellent agreement with previous NMR studies. Differences between the chemical probing and MS data in the absence and presence of the aminoglycoside ligands were quantitative rather than qualitative (i. e., the same nucleobases were labeled, but to different extents) and can be rationalized by stabilization of both the proposed bulge and the apical loop by aminoglycoside binding. Our study shows that chemical probing and mass spectrometry can provide important structural information and complement other techniques such as NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Riboswitch; Neomycin; Ribostamycin; RNA; Paromomycin; Framycetin; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ligands; Oligonucleotides; Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 36220343
DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200256 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2021The recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a devastating effect globally with no effective treatment. The swift...
The recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a devastating effect globally with no effective treatment. The swift strategy to find effective treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is to repurpose the approved drugs. In this pursuit, an exhaustive computational method has been used on the DrugBank compounds targeting nsp16/nsp10 complex (PDB code: 6W4H). A structure-based pharmacophore model was generated, and the selected model was escalated to screen DrugBank database, resulting in three compounds. These compounds were subjected to molecular docking studies at the protein-binding pocket employing the CDOCKER module available with the Discovery Studio v18. In order to discover potential candidate compounds, the co-crystallized compound S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) was used as the reference compound. Additionally, the compounds remdesivir and hydroxycholoroquine were employed for comparative docking. The results have shown that the three compounds have demonstrated a higher dock score than the reference compounds and were upgraded to molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) studies. The MDS results demonstrated that the three compounds, framycetin, kanamycin, and tobramycin, are promising candidate compounds. They have represented a stable binding mode at the targets binding pocket with an average protein backbone root mean square deviation below 0.3 nm. Additionally, they have prompted the hydrogen bonds during the entire simulations, inferring that the compounds have occupied the active site firmly. Taken together, our findings propose framycetin, kanamycin, and tobramycin as potent putative inhibitors for COVID-19 therapeutics.
PubMed: 34041221
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.636362 -
Journal of Dairy Science Sep 2008The dynamics of intramammary infection (IMI) during the dry period were studied in 435 half-udders of 229 Assaf ewes, belonging to 2 flocks with high and medium IMI... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Influence of an intramammary infusion at drying-off of combined penethamate hydriodide, benethamine penicillin, and framycetin sulfate on intramammary infections and somatic cell counts in dairy sheep.
The dynamics of intramammary infection (IMI) during the dry period were studied in 435 half-udders of 229 Assaf ewes, belonging to 2 flocks with high and medium IMI prevalences. Ewes were randomly assigned to 2 lots: 1) treated lot (TL) with 223 half-udders (118 ewes), which received complete dry therapy (1 syringe/teat) of an antibiotic combination containing 100 mg of penethamate hydriodide, 280 mg of benethamine penicillin, and 100 mg of framycetin sulfate, and 2) control lot (CL) with 212 nontreated half-udders (111 ewes). Two samplings per half-udder were carried out on 2 different days in the 5 d preceding drying-off, and 2 other samplings were again carried out in the 5 first d of the postpartum period. The length of the dry period averaged 109.0 d. Cure, persistent infections, reinfection, and new infection rates were 81.7, 12.8, 5.5, and 7.9%, respectively, for TL and 13.3, 70.4, 16.3, and 22.8%, respectively, for the CL. The prevalence of IMI decreased significantly from 48.9% at drying-off to 13.0% at lambing for the TL, but it did not vary for the CL (46.2 and 52.4%, respectively). Within the TL, IMI prevalence significantly diminished for Staphylococcus (41.3 to 9.9%) and Streptococcus (5.8 to 1.8%) genera, and more specifically this decrease was most evident for Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus agalactiae species. Log somatic cell count (SCC) diminished significantly between drying-off (5.68) and lambing (5.33) in the TL, whereas log SCC did not vary in the CL (5.61 vs. 5.66). This SCC reduction was very significant in the flock with the greater IMI prevalence. As a conclusion, the antibiotic formulation used as dry therapy drastically diminished IMI prevalence and SCC during the dry period in dairy ewes as a result of greater IMI cure rates and lower reinfection and new infection rates in the TL compared with the CL.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cell Count; Dairying; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Framycetin; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis; Milk; Penicillin G; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 18765604
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0842 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jan 2014Venous leg ulcers are a type of chronic wound affecting up to 1% of adults in developed countries at some point during their lives. Many of these wounds are colonised by... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Venous leg ulcers are a type of chronic wound affecting up to 1% of adults in developed countries at some point during their lives. Many of these wounds are colonised by bacteria or show signs of clinical infection. The presence of infection may delay ulcer healing. Two main strategies are used to prevent and treat clinical infection in venous leg ulcers: systemic antibiotics and topical antibiotics or antiseptics.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this review was to determine the effects of systemic antibiotics and topical antibiotics and antiseptics on the healing of venous ulcers.
SEARCH METHODS
In May 2013, for this second update, we searched the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register (searched 24 May 2013); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2013, Issue 4); Ovid MEDLINE (1948 to Week 3 May 2013); Ovid MEDLINE (In-Process & Other Non-indexed Citations, 22 May 2013); Ovid EMBASE (1980 to Week 20 2013); and EBSCO CINAHL (1982 to 17 May 2013). No language or publication date restrictions were applied.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) recruiting people with venous leg ulceration, evaluating at least one systemic antibiotic, topical antibiotic or topical antiseptic that reported an objective assessment of wound healing (e.g. time to complete healing, frequency of complete healing, change in ulcer surface area) were eligible for inclusion. Selection decisions were made by two review authors while working independently.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Information on the characteristics of participants, interventions and outcomes was recorded on a standardised data extraction form. In addition, aspects of trial methods were extracted, including randomisation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and outcome assessors, incomplete outcome data and study group comparability at baseline. Data extraction and validity assessment were conducted by one review author and were checked by a second. Data were pooled when appropriate.
MAIN RESULTS
Forty-five RCTs reporting 53 comparisons and recruiting a total of 4486 participants were included, Many RCTs were small, and most were at high or unclear risk of bias. Ulcer infection status at baseline and duration of follow-up varied across RCTs. Five RCTs reported eight comparisons of systemic antibiotics, and the remainder evaluated topical preparations: cadexomer iodine (11 RCTs reporting 12 comparisons); povidone-iodine (six RCTs reporting seven comparisons); peroxide-based preparations (four RCTs reporting four comparisons); honey-based preparations (two RCTs reporting two comparisons); silver-based preparations (12 RCTs reporting 13 comparisons); other topical antibiotics (three RCTs reporting five comparisons); and other topical antiseptics (two RCTs reporting two comparisons). Few RCTs provided a reliable estimate of time to healing; most reported the proportion of participants with complete healing during the trial period. Systemic antibioticsMore participants were healed when they were prescribed levamisole (normally used to treat roundworm infection) compared with placebo: risk ratio (RR) 1.31 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.62). No between-group differences were detected in terms of complete healing for other comparisons: antibiotics given according to antibiogram versus usual care; ciprofloxacin versus standard care/placebo; trimethoprim versus placebo; ciprofloxacin versus trimethoprim; and amoxicillin versus topical povidone-iodine. Topical antibiotics and antiseptics Cadexomer iodine: more participants were healed when given cadexomer iodine compared with standard care. The pooled estimate from four RCTs for complete healing at four to 12 weeks was RR 2.17 (95% CI 1.30 to 3.60). No between-group differences in complete healing were detected when cadexomer iodine was compared with the following: hydrocolloid dressing; paraffin gauze dressing; dextranomer; and silver-impregnated dressings.Povidone iodine: no between-group differences in complete healing were detected when povidone-iodine was compared with the following: hydrocolloid; moist or foam dressings according to wound status; and growth factor. Time to healing estimates for povidone-iodine versus dextranomer, and for povidone-iodine versus hydrocolloid, were likely to be unreliable.Peroxide-based preparations: four RCTs reported findings in favour of peroxide-based preparations when compared with usual care for surrogate healing outcomes (change in ulcer area). There was no report of complete healing.Honey-based preparations: no between-group difference in time to healing or complete healing was detected for honey-based products when compared with usual care.Silver-based preparations: no between-group differences in complete healing were detected when 1% silver sulphadiazine ointment was compared with standard care/placebo and tripeptide copper complex; or when different brands of silver-impregnated dressings were compared; or when silver-impregnated dressings were compared with non-antimicrobial dressings.Other topical antibiotics: data from one RCT suggested that more participants healed at four weeks when treated with an enzymatic cleanser (a non-antibiotic preparation) compared with a chloramphenicol-containing ointment (additional active ingredients also included in the ointment): RR 0.13 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.99). No between-group differences in complete healing were detected for framycetin sulphate ointment versus enzymatic cleanser; chloramphenicol ointment versus framycetin sulphate ointment; mupirocin ointment versus vehicle; and topical antibiotics given according to antibiogram versus an herbal ointment.Other topical antiseptics: data from one RCT suggested that more participants receiving an antiseptic ointment (ethacridine lactate) had responsive ulcers (defined as > 20% reduction in area) at four weeks when compared with placebo: RR 1.45 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.73). Complete healing was not reported. No between-group difference was detected between chlorhexidine solution and usual care.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
At present, no evidence is available to support the routine use of systemic antibiotics in promoting healing of venous leg ulcers. However, the lack of reliable evidence means that it is not possible to recommend the discontinuation of any of the agents reviewed. In terms of topical preparations, some evidence supports the use of cadexomer iodine. Current evidence does not support the routine use of honey- or silver-based products. Further good quality research is required before definitive conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of povidone-iodine, peroxide-based preparations, ethacridine lactate, chloramphenicol, framycetin, mupirocin, ethacridine or chlorhexidine in healing venous leg ulceration. In light of the increasing problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, current prescribing guidelines recommend that antibacterial preparations should be used only in cases of clinical infection, not for bacterial colonisation.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Humans; Occlusive Dressings; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Varicose Ulcer; Wound Healing
PubMed: 24408354
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003557.pub5 -
Dermatology and Therapy Dec 2014Skin and soft tissue infections involve microbial invasion of the skin and underlying soft tissues and are estimated to affect 7-10% of hospitalized patients worldwide....
INTRODUCTION
Skin and soft tissue infections involve microbial invasion of the skin and underlying soft tissues and are estimated to affect 7-10% of hospitalized patients worldwide. Nadifloxacin, a topical fluoroquinolone, has been shown to be effective against aerobic Gram-negative, Gram-positive (including MRSA and coagulase-negative staphylococci), and anaerobic bacteria. However, there is paucity of data comparing efficacy and safety of 1% nadifloxacin with other anti-bacterials for skin infections in Indian patients.
METHODS
This article presents the results of one post-marketing surveillance (PMS) and three randomized, open, non-blinded, multi-centric clinical studies that compared nadifloxacin with mupirocin and framycetin, and nadifloxacin with fusidic acid. Patients in India, aged from 1 to 65 years old, suffering from mild to moderate bacterial skin infections including impetigo, secondarily infected wounds, folliculitis, infected atopic dermatitis, and furunculosis were randomly allocated to three treatment groups within the studies. Efficacy was assessed by the evaluation of symptoms of erythema, exudation, swelling, pruritus, crusting, pain and tenderness in all the studies.
RESULTS
A total of 272 subjects were enrolled in the study and subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups; 92 in the nadifloxacin group, 90 in the mupirocin group, and 90 in the framycetin group. A significant reduction in the mean scores for bacterial infection symptoms in the nadifloxacin groups was observed when compared to mupirocin, framycetin and fusidic acid groups. Both physician and patients rated nadifloxacin as excellent (complete remission of symptoms) on a 4-point scale in the studies. No adverse events (AEs) were reported in the clinical studies. In the PMS, only two patients (of 329, 0.6%) reported AEs including burning and itching, one in each patient that had resolved at the time of reporting.
CONCLUSION
Nadifloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is a new alternative topical agent in the treatment of bacterial skin infection with minimal AEs.
PubMed: 25212256
DOI: 10.1007/s13555-014-0062-1