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Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Sep 2022The paranasal sinuses (maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses) are complex anatomical structures. The development and growth of these have been investigated... (Review)
Review
The paranasal sinuses (maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses) are complex anatomical structures. The development and growth of these have been investigated utilizing a number of different methods ranging from cadaveric analysis to modern cross sectional imaging with 3D modeling. An understanding of normal pediatric paranasal sinus embryology and development enables us to better determine when pathology may be affecting the normal developmental process. Cystic fibrosis, chronic sinusitis, deviated nasal septum and cleft lip and palate are some of the conditions which have been shown to effect paranasal sinus development to varying degrees. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is becoming increasingly common and an understanding of sinus anatomy together with when periods of rapid growth occur during childhood is important clinically. Although concerns have been raised regarding the impact of FESS on facial growth, there is limited evidence of this in regards to either changes in anthropomorphic measurements or clinical assessments of symmetry post operatively.
Topics: Child; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Ethmoid Bone; Humans; Paranasal Sinuses; Sphenoid Sinus
PubMed: 35437820
DOI: 10.1002/ca.23888 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Sep 2016This paper presents a brief history of the successive anatomical, physiological and pathophysiological concepts about the paranasal sinuses. Sinusology, the science of... (Review)
Review
This paper presents a brief history of the successive anatomical, physiological and pathophysiological concepts about the paranasal sinuses. Sinusology, the science of the paranasal sinuses, is founded on scientific work on the production of nitric oxide (NO) by the sinuses and on the evo-devo theory of their formation. The paranasal sinuses seem to develop after regression of the erythropoietic marrow in the maxillary, frontal and sphenoid bones and its replacement by cavities filled with gas, which escapes into the nasal fossae through the ostium. The sinus epithelium synthesizes NO continuously. The paranasal sinus cavities form a compartmentalized reservoir of NO, which is released discontinuously in boli after an opening of the ostium. Ostium opening can be induced by sound vibration, either internal (humming) or external (an acoustic vibration added to the in-breath). NO plays the role of an "aerocrine" messenger between the upper and lower respiratory tracts, reducing pulmonary vascular resistance and facilitating alveolar oxygen transfer into the bloodstream. Its physiological role in arterial blood oxygenation could be involved in speech and singing or be activated by physiological snoring during sleep. Rhinology, the science of the nose, in which the evo-devo concept distinguishes the respiratory and the olfactory nose, is now backed up by sinusology.
Topics: Abscess; Drainage; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Nitric Oxide; Otolaryngology; Paranasal Sinus Diseases; Paranasal Sinuses; Rhinitis; Sinusitis
PubMed: 27378676
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2016.05.011 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Sep 2021Pott's puffy tumor is a potential complication of acute frontal sinusitis, characterized by subperiosteal abscess and osteomyelitis of the frontal bone. It can be...
Pott's puffy tumor is a potential complication of acute frontal sinusitis, characterized by subperiosteal abscess and osteomyelitis of the frontal bone. It can be managed with a combination of open and endoscopic sinus surgery and intravenous antibiotic therapy. In the current report, a 15-year-old male presented with a classic case of Pott's puffy tumor which was managed with bilateral ethmoidectomies, frontal sinusotomies, and frontal sinus trephination, resulting in discharge on intravenous antibiotic therapy and subsequent complete resolution of symptoms.
Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Edema; Erythema; Ethmoid Sinus; Frontal Bone; Frontal Sinus; Humans; Male; Pott Puffy Tumor; Trephining
PubMed: 34414793
DOI: 10.1177/01455613211039031 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Sep 2021Isolated frontal sinus disease is a rare and highly morbid condition. Although chronic frontal sinusitis has been described in literature, clinically it is quite...
Isolated frontal sinus disease is a rare and highly morbid condition. Although chronic frontal sinusitis has been described in literature, clinically it is quite uncommon in the absence of paranasal sinusitis and rhinitis. Here we examine a case of isolated chronic frontal sinusitis presenting with anosmia-a curious clinical manifestation.
PubMed: 33425694
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02298-7 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Jun 2018Nasal sinus schwannomas are rare tumors, particularly in the frontal sinus.
INTRODUCTION
Nasal sinus schwannomas are rare tumors, particularly in the frontal sinus.
CASE REPORT
The authors report the case of a woman with left frontal sinus schwannoma discovered in a context of frontal sinusitis with orbital and ocular complications. The surgical procedure consisted of endonasal tumor resection and external drainage.
DISCUSSION
The pathogenesis of frontal sinus schwannomas remains unclear. These tumors can present with a wide range of clinical and radiological signs, making them difficult to diagnosis. Surgical resection of these tumors is also complex.
Topics: Female; Frontal Sinus; Humans; Middle Aged; Neurilemmoma; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms
PubMed: 29703708
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2018.03.001 -
Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical... Apr 2017Pott puffy tumor is osteomyelitis of the frontal bone with associated subperiosteal abscess causing swelling and edema over the forehead and scalp. It is a complication...
Pott puffy tumor is osteomyelitis of the frontal bone with associated subperiosteal abscess causing swelling and edema over the forehead and scalp. It is a complication of frontal sinusitis or trauma. We present the case of an 8-year-old girl with frontal swelling. Imaging evaluation showed frontal osteomyelitis as a complication of frontal sinusitis with associated epidural and subperiosteal abscess. The patient was treated surgically and recovered well. This case highlights the need for high clinical suspicion and early diagnosis and management to prevent life-threatening complications. Unfortunately, in our case the patient had to undergo surgery for this complication, which could have been prevented by earlier diagnosis.
PubMed: 28405074
DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2017.11929575 -
Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Mar 2017Frontal sinus outflow tract (FSOT) injury may occur in cases of frontal sinus fractures and nasoethmoid orbital fractures. Since the FSOT is lined with mucosa that is... (Review)
Review
Frontal sinus outflow tract (FSOT) injury may occur in cases of frontal sinus fractures and nasoethmoid orbital fractures. Since the FSOT is lined with mucosa that is responsible for the path from the frontal sinus to the nasal cavity, an untreated injury may lead to complications such as mucocele formation or chronic frontal sinusitis. Therefore, evaluation of FSOT is of clinical significance, with FSOT being diagnosed mostly by computed tomography or intraoperative dye. Several options are available to surgeons when treating FSOT injury, and they need to be familiar with these options to take the proper treatment measures in order to follow the treatment principle for FSOT, which is a safe sinus, and to reduce complications. This paper aimed to examine the surrounding anatomy, diagnosis, and treatment of FSOT.
PubMed: 28913294
DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2017.18.1.1 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2017Complications occur in 3% of the cases of frontal sinusitis. These are mainly oculo-orbital, intracranial and osteomyelitis. Our aim is to describe the contribution of...
Complications occur in 3% of the cases of frontal sinusitis. These are mainly oculo-orbital, intracranial and osteomyelitis. Our aim is to describe the contribution of different imaging modalities in the diagnosis of these complications and their post-treatment monitoring. within a 15 years period (2000-2014), 10 patients with complicated frontal sinusitis were included into this retrospective study. 10 patients (9 males) aged 9 to 70 year old (mean 28). Two of these patients (20%) had a history of craniofacial trauma. Frontal headache was present in all cases (100%), frontal swelling in 8 cases (80%) and unilateral palpebral edema in 3 cases (30%). A CT scan of the face and brain was performed in all cases and revealed frontal osteomyelitis in 6 cases (60%), extradural empyema in 3 cases (33%), intracranial frontal abscess in 2 cases (20%) and occulo-orbital complications in 3 cases (30%). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in one patient and demonstrated thrombosis of the upper longitudinal sinus. 40% of our patients associated 2 complications. Cross-sectional imaging is important in early and accurate diagnosis of complicated frontal sinusitis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain Abscess; Child; Craniocerebral Trauma; Female; Frontal Sinusitis; Headache; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Osteomyelitis; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 28690724
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.26.209.11817