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Scientific Reports Nov 2022Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) and brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) are the most widely grown solanaceous crops in the world. However, their production has reduced over...
Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) and brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) are the most widely grown solanaceous crops in the world. However, their production has reduced over several years due to the attack of various fungal and bacterial pathogens and various abiotic factors. Still, the major constrain in their production are pathogens with fungal etiology, especially the fungal wilt of solanaceous crops. Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani have been previously identified as the pathogens causing wilt disease in chili and brinjal. Recently, a new fungal pathogen F. equiseti has been reported as the causal agent of wilt disease infecting chili. The current study focused on identifying fungal pathogens associated with the wilted plants of chili and brinjal, collected from different parts of the Himalayan region of Kashmir valley, through morpho-cultural and molecular characterization. DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing were performed on various isolates. DNA barcoding using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was used to identify the pathogen followed by the pathogenicity test. Further confirmation of the pathogen was done by sequencing of transcription elongation factor (TEF) and Calmodulin (CAL2). In current study Fusarium chlamydosporum has been reported as the wilt causing pathogen of chili and brinjal for the first time in Kashmir Himalayas.
Topics: Solanum melongena; Capsicum; Vegetables; Crops, Agricultural
PubMed: 36437280
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23259-w -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Bacterial pigment is one of the secondary metabolites produced by bacteria and has functions that are yet to be understood in relation to soil-borne pathogenic fungi and...
Bacterial pigment is one of the secondary metabolites produced by bacteria and has functions that are yet to be understood in relation to soil-borne pathogenic fungi and plants in mutualistic processes. The study evaluates the growth, photosynthetic, and physiological characteristics of alfalfa after interacting with different concentrations of Cp2 pink pigment and . The findings showed that Cp2 pink pigment has the ability to inhibit the growth of alfalfa, with the inhibition ratio gradually increasing with rising concentration. inhibited the growth of alfalfa, which reduced the photosynthetic physiological response and elevated antioxidant enzymes, which are typically manifested by yellowing leaves and shortened roots. Under the combined effect of Cp2 pink pigment and , increasing concentrations of Cp2 pink pigment intensified the symptoms in alfalfa and led to more pronounced growth and physiological response. This indicates that the Cp2 pink pigment is one of the potential virulence factors secreted by the strain Cp2, which plays an inhibitory role in the interactions between and alfalfa, and also has the potential to be developed into a plant immunomodulator agent.
PubMed: 37928657
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1285961 -
AMB Express Oct 2020A newly identified cellulase-producing Fusarium chlamydosporum HML278 was cultivated under solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse, and two new β-glucosides...
A newly identified cellulase-producing Fusarium chlamydosporum HML278 was cultivated under solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse, and two new β-glucosides enzymes (BG FH1, BG FH2) were recovered from fermentation solution by modified non-denaturing active gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular weight of BG FH1 and BG FH2 was 93 kDa and 52 kDa, respectively, and the enzyme activity was 5.6 U/mg and 11.5 U/mg, respectively. The optimal reaction temperature of the enzymes was 60 ℃, and the enzymes were stable with a temperature lower than 70 ℃. The optimal pH of the purified enzymes was 6.0, and the enzymes were stable between pH 4-10. K and V values were 2.76 mg/mL and 20.6 U/mg for pNPG, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that BG FH1and BG FH2 had hydrolysis activity toward cellobiose and could hydrolyze cellobiose into glucose. In addition, both enzymes exhibited transglycoside activity, which could use glucose to synthesize cellobiose and cellotriose, and preferentially synthesize alcohol. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that F. chlamydosporum HML278 produces heat-resistant β-glucosidases with both hydrolytic activity and transglycosidic activity, and these β-glucosidases have potential application in bioethanol and papermaking industries.
PubMed: 33030626
DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01116-1 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023Mungbean is a vital pulse crop in India that can thrive in dry-land conditions and is grown in three seasons, with the added benefit of being used as green manure due to...
INTRODUCTION
Mungbean is a vital pulse crop in India that can thrive in dry-land conditions and is grown in three seasons, with the added benefit of being used as green manure due to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Recently, pod rot disease has emerged as a serious threat to mungbean cultivation in India.
METHODS
In this study, morpho-molecular identification of associated pathogens and the bio-efficacy of systemic and non-systemic fungicides as well as genotype screening was performed during the years 2019 and 2020. The pathogens associated with this disease were confirmed on the basis of morphological and molecular characterization. For the molecular characterization, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef-1) gene sequences were amplified by using primers (EF1 and EF2).
RESULTS
Under in vitro conditions, trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole 75% WG was found to be the most effective against Fusarium equiseti (ED 2.39 μg ml) and Fusarium chlamydosporum (ED 4.23 μg ml) causal agents of pod rot of mungbean. Under field conditions, three applications of trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole 75% WG at 0.07% as a foliar application at fortnightly intervals starting from the last week of July proved to be the most effective against pod rot disease on mungbean cultivars, i.e., ML 2056 and SML 668. To identify the potential resistance sources, 75 interspecific derivative and mutant lines of mungbean were screened for disease reaction to pod rot under natural epiphytotic conditions for the years 2019 and 2020. Genotypic differences were observed for resistance to pod rot disease. The study revealed that among the tested genotypes, ML 2524 exhibited resistance to pod rot disease, with a disease incidence of 15.62% and disease severity of 7.69%. In addition, 41 other genotypes were found to be moderately resistant (MR) to the disease.
CONCLUSION
Altogether, the identified management options will offer an immediate solution to manage this disease under recent outbreak conditions and pave a path for futuristic disease management using identified resistant sources in breeding programs.
PubMed: 37235015
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1164245 -
Fungal Systematics and Evolution Dec 2019represents a well-defined morpho-species of both phytopathological and clinical importance. Presently, five phylo-species lacking Latin binomials have been resolved in...
represents a well-defined morpho-species of both phytopathological and clinical importance. Presently, five phylo-species lacking Latin binomials have been resolved in the species complex (FCSC). Naming these phylo-species is complicated due to the lack of type material for . Over the years a number of isolates (which were formerly identified based on morphology only) have been accessioned in the culture collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. The present study was undertaken to correctly identify these ' isolates based on multilocus phylogenetic inference supported by morphological characteristics. Closer scrutiny of the metadata associated with one of these isolates allowed us to propose a neotype for . Phylogenetic inference revealed the presence of nine phylo-species within the FCSC in this study. Of these, eight could be provided with names supported by subtle morphological characters. In addition, a new species, as , is introduced in the species complex and is raised to species level, as in the species complex (FIESC).
PubMed: 32467911
DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2019.04.10 -
Microorganisms Feb 2021genus comprises important saprophytic and phytopathogenic fungi and is widespread in nature. The present study reports the occurrence of spp. in soils from two...
genus comprises important saprophytic and phytopathogenic fungi and is widespread in nature. The present study reports the occurrence of spp. in soils from two mangrove forests in northern Peninsular Malaysia and analyzed physico-chemical properties of the mangrove soil. Based on TEF-1α sequences, nine species were identified: species complex (FSSC) ( = 77), ( = 20), ( = 10), ( = 7), ( = 4), ( = 3), ( = 2), ( = 1) and ( = 1); FSSC isolates were the most prevalent. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined TEF-1α and ITS sequences revealed diverse phylogenetic affinities among the FSSC isolates and potentially new phylogenetic clades of FSSC. Soil analysis showed varied carbon content, pH, soil moisture, and salinity, but not nitrogen content, between sampling locations. Regardless of the physico-chemical properties, various species were recovered from the mangrove soils. These were likely saprophytes; however, some were well-known plant pathogens and opportunistic human pathogens. Thus, mangrove soils might serve as inoculum sources for plant and human pathogenic species. The present study demonstrates the occurrence of various species in the extreme environment of mangrove soil, thereby contributing to the knowledge on species diversity in .
PubMed: 33652900
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030497 -
PloS One 2018From 2006 to 2013, an increasing incidence of fusariosis was observed in the hematologic patients of our University Hospital. We suspected of an environmental source,...
From 2006 to 2013, an increasing incidence of fusariosis was observed in the hematologic patients of our University Hospital. We suspected of an environmental source, and the indoor hospital air was investigated as a potential source of the fungemia. Air samplings were performed in the hematology and bone marrow transplant (BMT) wards using an air sampler with pre-defined air volumes. To study the molecular relationship among environmental and clinical isolates, 18 Fusarium spp. recovered from blood cultures were included in the study. DNA sequencing of a partial portion of TEF1α gene was performed for molecular identification. Molecular typing was carried out by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) using a four-gene scheme: TEF1α, rDNA, RPB1 and RPB2. One hundred four isolates were recovered from the air of the hematology (n = 76) and the BMT (n = 28) wards. Fusarium isolates from the air were from five species complexes: Fusarium fujikuroi (FFSC, n = 56), Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti (FIESC, n = 24), Fusarium solani (FSSC, n = 13), Fusarium chlamydosporum (FCSC, n = 10), and Fusarium oxysporum (FOSC, n = 1). Fifteen Fusarium isolates recovered from blood belonged to FSSC, and three to FFSC. MLST identified the same sequence type (ST) in clinical and environmental isolates. ST1 was found in 5 isolates from blood and in 7 from the air, both identified as FSSC (Fusarium petroliphilum). STn1 was found in one isolate from blood and in one from the air, both identified as FFSC (Fusarium napiforme). F. napiforme was isolated from the air of the hospital room of the patient with fungemia due to F. napiforme. These findings suggested a possible clonal origin of the Fusarium spp. recovered from air and bloodcultures. In conclusion, our study found a diversity of Fusarium species in the air of our hospital, and a possible role of the air as source of systemic fusariosis in our immunocompromised patients.
Topics: Bone Marrow Transplantation; DNA, Fungal; Fungal Proteins; Fusariosis; Fusarium; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Peptide Elongation Factor 1; Phylogeny
PubMed: 29698435
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196426 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jul 2018This research aims to characterize the pigment produced by isolated fungi and to evaluate its anticancer activities.
AIM
This research aims to characterize the pigment produced by isolated fungi and to evaluate its anticancer activities.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Pigment-producing fungi was isolated and identified as Fusarium chlamydosporum. The pigment was extracted with chloroform, purified by preparative TLC and characterized by Fourier transmittance infrared, electron spray ionization mass spectroscopy, liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) ( HNMR, C NMR) spectral analysis, which revealed the pigment to be 'long chain hydrocarbons with poly unsaturated groups' (m/z 702). Pigment stability varied with different pH, temperature and sunlight conditions. The pigment-induced cell death in human breast adenocarcinoma cells MCF-7 and showed no significant toxicity in CHOK 1 cells. Lipid peroxidation assay revealed that treatment with pigment was able to reduce the lipid peroxidation caused by H O in MCF-7 cells.
CONCLUSIONS
The F. chlamydosporum pigment is a compound of long-chain hydrocarbons with poly unsaturated groups, possessing selective cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cancer cell lines.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
The pigment can be used as a colouring agent in cosmetics. Its anticancer potential can be used in production of therapeutics in increasing demand cancer research.
Topics: Animals; CHO Cells; Cell Survival; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Fusarium; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Mycotoxins; Pigments, Biological
PubMed: 29527765
DOI: 10.1111/jam.13756 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Mar 2000Infection of cereal grains with Fusarium species can cause contamination with mycotoxins that affect human and animal health. To determine the potential for mycotoxin...
Infection of cereal grains with Fusarium species can cause contamination with mycotoxins that affect human and animal health. To determine the potential for mycotoxin contamination, we isolated Fusarium species from samples of rice seeds that were collected in 1997 on farms in the foothills of the Nepal Himalaya. The predominant Fusarium species in surface-disinfested seeds with husks were species of the Gibberella fujikuroi complex, including G. fujikuroi mating population A (anamorph, Fusarium verticillioides), G. fujikuroi mating population C (anamorph, Fusarium fujikuroi), and G. fujikuroi mating population D (anamorph, Fusarium proliferatum). The widespread occurrence of mating population D suggests that its role in the complex symptoms of bakanae disease of rice may be significant. Other common species were Gibberella zeae (anamorph, Fusarium graminearum) and Fusarium semitectum, with Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium anguioides, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Fusarium equiseti, and Fusarium oxysporum occasionally present. Strains of mating population C produced beauvericin, moniliformin, and gibberellic acid, but little or no fumonisin, whereas strains of mating population D produced beauvericin, fumonisin, and, usually, moniliformin, but no gibberellic acid. Some strains of G. zeae produced the 8-ketotrichothecene nivalenol, whereas others produced deoxynivalenol. Despite the occurrence of fumonisin-producing strains of mating population D, and of 8-ketotrichothecene-producing strains of G. zeae, Nepalese rice showed no detectable contamination with these mycotoxins. Effective traditional practices for grain drying and storage may prevent contamination of Nepalese rice with Fusarium mycotoxins.
Topics: Carboxylic Acids; Food Contamination; Fumonisins; Fusarium; Gibberellins; Mycotoxins; Nepal; Oryza; Reproduction; Seeds; Trichothecenes
PubMed: 10698766
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.66.3.1020-1025.2000 -
Genetics and Molecular Research : GMR Nov 2014The occurrence of Fusarium spp associated with pecan tree (Carya illinoinensis) diseases in Brazil has been observed in recent laboratory analyses in Rio Grande do Sul...
The occurrence of Fusarium spp associated with pecan tree (Carya illinoinensis) diseases in Brazil has been observed in recent laboratory analyses in Rio Grande do Sul State. Thus, in this study, we i) obtained Fusarium isolates from plants with disease symptoms; ii) tested the pathogenicity of these Fusarium isolates to pecan; iii) characterized and grouped Fusarium isolates that were pathogenic to the pecan tree based on morphological characteristics; iv) identified Fusarium spp to the species complex level through TEF-1α sequencing; and v) compared the identification methods used in the study. Fifteen isolates collected from the inflorescences, roots, and seeds of symptomatic plants (leaf necrosis or root rot) were used for pathogenicity tests. Morphological characterization was conducted using only pathogenic isolates, for a total of 11 isolates, based on the mycelial growth rate, sporulation, colony pigmentation, and conidial length and width variables. Pathogenic isolates were grouped based on morphological characteristics, and molecular characterization was performed by sequencing TEF-1α genes. Pathogenic isolates belonging to the Fusarium chlamydosporum species complex, Fusarium graminearum species complex, Fusarium proliferatum, and Fusarium oxysporum were identified based on the TEF-1α region. Morphological characteristics were used to effectively differentiate isolates and group the isolates according to genetic similarity, particularly conidial width, which emerged as a key morphological descriptor in this study.
Topics: Brazil; Carya; Colony Count, Microbial; Fusarium; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases; Spores, Fungal; Trees
PubMed: 25501150
DOI: 10.4238/2014.November.11.5