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Pathology Oncology Research : POR 2022Pituitary adenoma (PA) includes invasive pituitary adenoma (IPA) and noninvasive pituitary adenoma (NIPA), which are associated with the endocrine system. The gut...
Pituitary adenoma (PA) includes invasive pituitary adenoma (IPA) and noninvasive pituitary adenoma (NIPA), which are associated with the endocrine system. The gut microbiome plays an important role in human metabolism, but the association between the gut microbiome and pituitary adenoma remains unclear. A total of 44 subjects were enrolled in this study. Of these, 29 PA patients were further divided into IPA patients ( = 13) and NIPA patients ( = 16), while 15 healthy age-matched subjects were defined as control subjects. We collected faecal samples and characterized the gut microbial profiles by metagenomic sequencing using the Illumina X-ten platform. PLS-DA showed different microbial clusters among the three groups, and slightly different microbial ecological networks were observed. LEfSe analysis revealed significant alterations in the microbial community among PA patients. In particular, the enrichment of innocuum, along with the reduced abundance of Oscillibacter sp. 57_20 and mortiferum, were observed both in the IPA and NIPA groups compared to the control group. Moreover, PA patients could be effectively classified based on these bacteria using a support vector machine algorithm. In summary, this study demonstrated significant differences in the gut microbiome between PA patients and healthy controls. Future mechanistic experiments are needed to determine whether such alterations are a cause or consequence of pituitary adenoma.
Topics: Adenoma; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Pituitary Neoplasms
PubMed: 35991836
DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610402 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2022To characterize the intestinal flora of patients with epilepsy and its correlation with epilepsy.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize the intestinal flora of patients with epilepsy and its correlation with epilepsy.
METHODS
Patients with ages > 18 years were consecutively enrolled from the outpatient department, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2018 to December 2019. A total of 71 subjects were recruited, including epilepsy patients ( = 41) as an observation group and patient family members ( = 30) as a control group. Fresh stool specimens of all the subjects were collected. The 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was analyzed to determine changes in intestinal flora composition and its correlation with epilepsy. Subgroup analysis was then conducted. All patients with epilepsy were divided into an urban group ( = 21) and a rural group ( = 20) according to the region, and bioinformatics analyses were repeated between subgroups.
RESULTS
LEfSe analysis showed that , , , and had relatively increased abundance in the epilepsy group at the genus level. Correlation analysis suggested that sp. ( = 0.584, < 0.01), ( = 0.560, < 0.01), ( = 0.541, < 0.01), and ( = 0.506, < 0.01) were significantly positively correlated with the occurrence of epilepsy ( ≥ 0.5, < 0.05). PICRUSt function prediction analysis showed that there were significant differences in 16 pathways between the groups at level 3. Comparing the rural group with the urban group, increased at the phylum level and , , , and increased at the species level in the rural group.
CONCLUSION
There were significant differences in the composition and functional pathways of gut flora between epilepsy patients and patient family members. The may become a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of epilepsy.
PubMed: 35250450
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.803538 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022It is predicted that by 2035, metabolic syndrome (MS) will be found in nearly more than half of our adult population, seriously affecting the health of our body. MS is...
It is predicted that by 2035, metabolic syndrome (MS) will be found in nearly more than half of our adult population, seriously affecting the health of our body. MS is usually accompanied by the occurrence of abnormal liver enzymes, such as elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). More and more studies have shown that the gut microbiota is involved in MS; however, the correlation between gut microbiota and MS with elevated GGT has not been studied comprehensively. Especially, there are few reports about its role in the physical examination of the population of men with MS and elevated GGT. By using the whole-genome shotgun sequencing technology, we conducted a genome-wide association study of the gut microbiome in 66 participants diagnosed as having MS accompanied by high levels of GGT (case group) and 66 participants with only MS and normal GGT level (control group). We found that the number of gut microbial species was reduced in participants in the case group compared to that of the control group. The overall microbial composition between the two groups is of significant difference. The gut microbiota in the case group is characterized by increased levels of "harmful bacteria" such as , , unclassified, , and and decreased levels of "beneficial bacteria" such as , , , , , and . Moreover, the pathways of POLYAMSYN-PWY, ARG+POLYAMINE-SYN, PWY-6305, and GOLPDLCAT-PWY were also increased in the case group, which may play a role in the elevation of GGT by producing amine, polyamine, putrescine, and endogenous alcohol. Taken together, there are apparent changes in the composition of the gut microbiome in men with MS and abnormal GGT levels, and it is high time to discover specific gut microbiome as a potential therapeutic target in that population. More in-depth studies of relevant mechanism could offer some new methods for the treatment of MS with elevated GGT.
Topics: Adult; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Polyamines; gamma-Glutamyltransferase
PubMed: 35967853
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.946757 -
Journal of Bacteriology Mar 19976-Phosphoryl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl:6-phosphoglucohydrolase (P-beta-glucosidase, EC 3.2.1.86) has been purified from Fusobacterium mortiferum. Assays for enzyme activity...
6-Phosphoryl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl:6-phosphoglucohydrolase (P-beta-glucosidase, EC 3.2.1.86) has been purified from Fusobacterium mortiferum. Assays for enzyme activity and results from Western immunoblots showed that P-beta-glucosidase (Mr, 53,000; pI, 4.5) was induced by growth of F. mortiferum on beta-glucosides. The novel chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates, p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-phosphate (pNPbetaGlc6P) and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-phosphate (4MUbetaGlc6P), respectively, were used for the assay of P-beta-glucosidase activity. The enzyme hydrolyzed several P-beta-glucosides, including the isomeric disaccharide phosphates cellobiose-6-phosphate, gentiobiose-6-phosphate, sophorose-6-phosphate, and laminaribiose-6-phosphate, to yield glucose-6-phosphate and appropriate aglycons. The kinetic parameters for each substrate are reported. P-beta-glucosidase from F. mortiferum was inactivated by 6-phosphoglucono-delta-lactone (P-glucono-delta-lactone) derived via oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate. The pbgA gene that encodes P-beta-glucosidase from F. mortiferum has been cloned and sequenced. The first 42 residues deduced from the nucleotide sequence matched those determined for the N terminus by automated Edman degradation of the purified enzyme. From the predicted sequence of 466 amino acids, two catalytically important glutamyl residues have been identified. Comparative alignment of the amino acid sequences of P-beta-glucosidase from Escherichia coli and F. mortiferum indicates potential binding sites for the inhibitory P-glucono-delta-lactone to the enzyme from F. mortiferum.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Binding Sites; Cloning, Molecular; Fusobacterium; Gluconates; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosidases; Glucosides; Kinetics; Lactones; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Sequence Alignment; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 9045824
DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.5.1636-1645.1997 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Mar 2002Fusobacterium mortiferum utilizes sucrose [glucose-fructose in alpha(1-->2) linkage] and its five isomeric alpha-D-glucosyl-D-fructoses as energy sources for growth....
Fusobacterium mortiferum utilizes sucrose [glucose-fructose in alpha(1-->2) linkage] and its five isomeric alpha-D-glucosyl-D-fructoses as energy sources for growth. Sucrose-grown cells are induced for both sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase (S6PH) and fructokinase (FK), but the two enzymes are not expressed above constitutive levels during growth on the isomeric compounds. Extracts of cells grown previously on the sucrose isomers trehalulose alpha(1-->1), turanose alpha(1-->3), maltulose alpha(1-->4), leucrose alpha(1-->5) and palatinose alpha(1-->6) contained high levels of an NAD+ plus metal-dependent phospho-alpha-glucosidase (MalH). The latter enzyme was not induced during growth on sucrose. MalH catalysed the hydrolysis of the 6'-phosphorylated derivatives of the five isomers to yield glucose 6-phosphate and fructose, but sucrose 6-phosphate itself was not a substrate. Unexpectedly, MalH hydrolysed both alpha- and beta-linked stereomers of the chromogenic analogue p-nitrophenyl glucoside 6-phosphate. The gene malH is adjacent to malB and malR, which encode an EII(CB) component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar:phosphotransferase system and a putative regulatory protein, respectively. The authors suggest that for F. mortiferum, the products of malB and malH catalyse the phosphorylative translocation and intracellular hydrolysis of the five isomers of sucrose and of related alpha-linked glucosides. Genes homologous to malB and malH are present in both Klebsiella pneumoniae and the enterohaemorrhagic strain Escherichia coli O157:H7. Both these organisms grew well on sucrose, but only K. pneumoniae exhibited growth on the isomeric compounds.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Escherichia coli O157; Fusobacterium; Isomerism; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Sucrose; alpha-Glucosidases
PubMed: 11882720
DOI: 10.1099/00221287-148-3-843 -
Journal of Bacteriology May 1992Studies of sucrose utilization by Fusobacterium mortiferum ATCC 25557 have provided the first definitive evidence for phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent...
Studies of sucrose utilization by Fusobacterium mortiferum ATCC 25557 have provided the first definitive evidence for phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar:phosphotransferase activity in the family Bacteroidaceae. The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sucrose:phosphotransferase system and the two enzymes required for the dissimilation of sucrose 6-phosphate are induced specifically by growth of F. mortiferum on the disaccharide. Monomeric sucrose 6-phosphate hydrolase (M(r), 52,000) and a dimeric ATP-dependent fructokinase (subunit M(r), 32,000) have been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The physicochemical and catalytic properties of these enzymes have been examined, and the N-terminal amino acid sequences for both proteins are reported. The characteristics of sucrose 6-phosphate hydrolase and fructokinase from F. mortiferum are compared with the same enzymes from both gram-positive and gram-negative species. Butyric, acetic, and D-lactic acids are the end products of sucrose fermentation by F. mortiferum. A pathway is proposed for the translocation, phosphorylation, and metabolism of sucrose by this anaerobic pathogen.
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Amino Acid Sequence; Biological Transport, Active; Butyrates; Enzyme Induction; Fusobacterium; Glycoside Hydrolases; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System; Phosphofructokinase-1; Substrate Specificity; Sucrose; beta-Fructofuranosidase
PubMed: 1533618
DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.10.3227-3235.1992 -
Journal of Bacteriology Jul 1997The Fusobacterium mortiferum malH gene, encoding 6-phospho-alpha-glucosidase (maltose 6-phosphate hydrolase; EC 3.2.1.122), has been isolated, characterized, and...
The Fusobacterium mortiferum malH gene, encoding 6-phospho-alpha-glucosidase (maltose 6-phosphate hydrolase; EC 3.2.1.122), has been isolated, characterized, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The relative molecular weight of the polypeptide encoded by malH (441 residues; Mr of 49,718) was in agreement with the estimated value (approximately 49,000) obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the enzyme purified from F. mortiferum. The N-terminal sequence of the MalH protein obtained by Edman degradation corresponded to the first 32 amino acids deduced from the malH sequence. The enzyme produced by the strain carrying the cloned malH gene cleaved [U-14C]maltose 6-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate (Glc6P) and glucose. The substrate analogs p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside 6-phosphate (pNP alphaGlc6P) and 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside 6-phosphate (4MU alphaGlc6P) were hydrolyzed to yield Glc6P and the yellow p-nitrophenolate and fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferyl aglycons, respectively. The 6-phospho-alpha-glucosidase expressed in E. coli (like the enzyme purified from F. mortiferum) required Fe2+, Mn2+, Co2+, or Ni2+ for activity and was inhibited in air. Synthesis of maltose 6-phosphate hydrolase from the cloned malH gene in E. coli was modulated by addition of various sugars to the growth medium. Computer-based analyses of MalH and its homologs revealed that the phospho-alpha-glucosidase from F. mortiferum belongs to the seven-member family 4 of the glycosylhydrolase superfamily. The cloned 2.2-kb Sau3AI DNA fragment from F. mortiferum contained a second partial open reading frame of 83 residues (designated malB) that was located immediately upstream of malH. The high degree of sequence identity of MalB with IIB(Glc)-like proteins of the phosphoenol pyruvate dependent:sugar phosphotransferase system suggests participation of MalB in translocation of maltose and related alpha-glucosides in F. mortiferum.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Chromosome Mapping; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Fusobacterium; Gene Expression; Genomic Library; Glucosidases; Maltose; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; alpha-Glucosidases
PubMed: 9209025
DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.13.4129-4137.1997 -
Pharmaceutical Biology Dec 2023A Chinese herbal formula, Tiaopi Xiezhuo decoction (TXD), is developed from a classical Chinese prescription Sanhuang Xiexin decoction.
CONTEXT
A Chinese herbal formula, Tiaopi Xiezhuo decoction (TXD), is developed from a classical Chinese prescription Sanhuang Xiexin decoction.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the regulatory effect of TXD on gut dysbiosis, as a treatment of constipation in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The chemical content of TXD was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A total of 29 PD patients were enrolled and treated with TXD orally (3 g crude drug/each/twice/day) for 3 months. Blood and faecal samples were collected at the beginning and end, to determine the changes in biochemical characteristics and gut microbial composition. The stool conditions were asked to be scored. Additional 30 healthy individuals were recruited as a control for the analysis of gut microbiota.
RESULTS
Although having no significant effects on serum biochemical characteristics, 3-month TXD intervention improved constipation in PD patients: decreased 80% abdominal distention ( < 0.01), increased 2.6-fold sloppy stools ( < 0.05) and eliminated hard stool completely ( < 0.01). The analysis of gut microbiota showed that, compared to the healthy group, the microbial richness was reduced in PD patients. After a 3-month TXD treatment, this reduced richness was raised, and , 2-146FA, , 2-1-58FAA, and were accumulated in the intestinal flora. Furthermore, the bacterial species enriched by TXD correlated with the improvement of constipation.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
TXD treatment may improve constipation by modulating gut dysbiosis in PD patients. These findings provide data to support the further application of TXD in the adjuvant treatment of PD.
Topics: Humans; Constipation; Dysbiosis; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Peritoneal Dialysis; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
PubMed: 36994999
DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2193595 -
Infection and Immunity Dec 1991Strains of eight Fusobacterium species differed in the ability to use sugars as energy sources for growth. For Fusobacterium russii ATCC 25533, F. gonidiaformans ATCC...
Strains of eight Fusobacterium species differed in the ability to use sugars as energy sources for growth. For Fusobacterium russii ATCC 25533, F. gonidiaformans ATCC 25563, and F. nucleatum ATCC 10953 (except for fructose), growth was marginal to poor on all of the sugars tested. Other species displayed reasonable growth on glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose, and two strains of F. mortiferum (ATCC 25557 and ATCC 9817) grew well on six of the sugars tested, including sucrose and maltose. Glucose transport by resting cells of most of the species was dependent upon (or markedly stimulated by) the presence of a fermentable amino acid. By contrast, F. mortiferum cells rapidly accumulated glucose and other sugars in the absence of amino acids. Although these cells were constitutive for glucose uptake, accumulation of other sugars was specifically induced by growth of F. mortiferum on the appropriate sugar. Spectrophotometric analyses and in situ staining of anionic polyacrylamide gels showed that glucose and fructose (mannose) are phosphorylated by separate ATP-dependent kinases. Fructokinase was stable in air at 4 degrees C, but under these conditions, greater than 70% of the glucokinase activity was lost. After overnight dialysis of the extract, no glucokinase activity was detectable; however, 65% of the initial enzyme activity was retained by inclusion of 1 mM dithiothreitol in the dialysis buffer. Thin-section electron microscopy showed that cells of F. mortiferum produced various amounts of intracellular glycogen during growth on the following sugars (in decreasing order of formation): galactose greater than sucrose greater than glucose greater than mannose greater than fructose. Mechanisms for sugar transport regulation, phosphorylation, and polymer synthesis by F. mortiferum cells are proposed.
Topics: Biological Transport; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Fusobacterium; Glucose; Glycogen; Phosphorylation; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 1937813
DOI: 10.1128/iai.59.12.4547-4554.1991 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Feb 2022
Topics: Abscess; Adult; Agammaglobulinemia; Bacteremia; Fusobacterium; Humans; Male; Prostate
PubMed: 34475002
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.07.012