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Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Oct 2021: To investigate the protective effect of (FD) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and its mechanism. : Human gastric epithelial GES-1 cells were divided into normal...
: To investigate the protective effect of (FD) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and its mechanism. : Human gastric epithelial GES-1 cells were divided into normal control group, model control group, FD 95% alcohol extract group, FD 50% alcohol extract group and FD decoction extract group. Gastric ulcer was induced by treatment with 1% ethanol in GES-1 cells. The cell proliferation was detected with MTT method in each group. Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, ranitidine group and low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose FD 95% alcohol extract groups (150, 300, 600 mg/kg). The corresponding drugs were administrated by gavage for The gastric ulcer model was induced by intragastric administration of anhydrous ethanol. The gastric ulcer area and ulcer inhibition rate of rats were measured in each group; the degree of gastricmucosal damage was observed by scanning electron microscopy; the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β in serum and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) in gastric tissues were detected by ELISA method. : 95% alcohol extract of FD had the strongest protective effect on proliferation of GES-1 cells. In animal experiments, compared with the normal control group, a large area of ulcers appeared on the gastric mucosa in the model control group, while the ulcer areas of the FD groups and ranitidine group were significantly smaller than that of the model control group (all <0.05). Compared with the model control group, FD groups and ranitidine group significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in serum and the MDA content in the gastric tissues, and increased the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH in gastric tissues (all <0.05). : The 95% alcohol extract of FD can reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum and the content of MDA in gastric tissues, and increase the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH in gastric tissues to achieve the protective effect against gastric ulcer.
Topics: Animals; Ethanol; Gastric Mucosa; Malondialdehyde; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stomach Ulcer; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 34986535
DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0055 -
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine May 2023
Topics: Humans; Gastric Dilatation; Necrosis
PubMed: 36842450
DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2022.378 -
Chirurgia (Bucharest, Romania : 1990) 2018Purpose/Aim: Paraesophageal hiatus hernias are seldom found, however the incidence is increasing accounting for 5-10% of all hiatal hernias. The aim of this review is to... (Review)
Review
Purpose/Aim: Paraesophageal hiatus hernias are seldom found, however the incidence is increasing accounting for 5-10% of all hiatal hernias. The aim of this review is to emphasize controversies in clinical presentation, essential workup investigations and highlight non-surgical and surgical management options. A PubMed literature search using the keywords "large or giant paraesophageal hernia", "hiatus or hiatal hernia", "laparoscopic surgery", "antireflux surgery", "mesh", "gastric volvulus" and "diaphragmatic hernia" published between 1998 until 2017 was conducted. Presenting symptoms are non-specific and can be erroneously attributed to various more common medical conditions. Significant complications as gastric volvulus and stomach necrosis, may occur and the obscured clinical presentation can be confusing for the clinician. Management options in the elective setting are controversial, and surgical repair cannot be easily justified for a minimally symptomatic condition, especially in an elderly and perhaps frail patient. However, in the era of laparoscopic surgery around the hiatus, reduced operative stress makes surgical repair appealing in the elective setting. Surgical matters as the adjunct of an antireflux procedure or not, the use of prosthetic mesh to reinforce the hiatus, gastropexy and the clinical importance of radiological or endoscopic recurrence are still under debate. The laparoscopic treatment of paraesophageal hiatus hernias is effective with low morbidity rates, offered in symptomatic patients and good operative risk asymptomatic individuals. More studies are needed to assess improvement suggestions, as the use of prosthetic mesh or gastropexy, regarding complications and recurrence risks.
Topics: Aged; Hernia, Hiatal; Humans; Laparoscopy; Necrosis; Stomach; Stomach Volvulus; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30596364
DOI: 10.21614/chirurgia.113.6.765 -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... Jan 2008The usual indications for oesophageal replacement in childhood are intractable corrosive strictures and long-gap oesophageal atresia. Generally, paediatric surgeons... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The usual indications for oesophageal replacement in childhood are intractable corrosive strictures and long-gap oesophageal atresia. Generally, paediatric surgeons attempt to preserve the native oesophagus with repeat dilatations. However, when this is not successful, an appropriate conduit must be fashioned to replace the oesophagus. The neo-oesophagus should allow normal oral feeding, not have gastro-oesophageal reflux, and be able to function well for the life-time of the patient.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A Medline search for oesophageal replacement, oesophageal atresia, gastric transposition, colon transposition, gastric tube, caustic stricture was conducted. The commonest conduits including whole stomach, gastric tube, colon and jejunum are all discussed.
RESULTS
No randomised controlled studies exist comparing the different types of conduits available for children. The techniques used tend to be based on personal preference and local experience rather than on any discernible objective data. The biggest series with long-term outcome are reported for gastric transposition and colon replacement. Comparison of a number of studies shows no significant difference in early or late complications. Early operative complications include graft necrosis, anastomotic leaks and sepsis. Late problems include strictures, poor feeding, gastro-oesophageal reflux, tortuosity of the graft and the development of Barrett's oesophagus. The biggest series, however, seem to have lower complications than small series probably reflecting the experience, built up over years, in their respective centres.
CONCLUSIONS
Long-term follow-up is recommended because of the risks of late strictures, excessive tortuosity of the neo-oesophagus and the development of Barrett's oesophagus.
Topics: Artificial Organs; Barrett Esophagus; Child; Colon; Esophageal Diseases; Esophagus; Humans; Intestine, Small; Risk Factors; Stomach
PubMed: 18201490
DOI: 10.1308/003588408X242222 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jan 2014Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a bacterial virulence factor that converts glutamine into glutamate and ammonia, and converts... (Review)
Review
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a bacterial virulence factor that converts glutamine into glutamate and ammonia, and converts glutathione into glutamate and cysteinylglycine. H. pylori GGT causes glutamine and glutathione consumption in the host cells, ammonia production and reactive oxygen species generation. These products induce cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and necrosis in gastric epithelial cells. H. pylori GGT may also inhibit apoptosis and induce gastric epithelial cell proliferation through the induction of cyclooxygenase-2, epidermal growth factor-related peptides, inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-8. H. pylori GGT induces immune tolerance through the inhibition of T cell-mediated immunity and dendritic cell differentiation. The effect of GGT on H. pylori colonization and gastric persistence are also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Mucosal; T-Lymphocytes; Virulence Factors; gamma-Glutamyltransferase
PubMed: 24574736
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i3.630 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Dec 2021BACKGROUND Gastric necrosis and perforation are rare life-threatening conditions in preterm neonates, which require urgent diagnosis and surgical intervention. CASE...
BACKGROUND Gastric necrosis and perforation are rare life-threatening conditions in preterm neonates, which require urgent diagnosis and surgical intervention. CASE REPORT We report a case of a 4-day-old patient with neonatal gastric necrosis. The patient presented with sudden acute abdominal distension, respiratory distress, and metabolic acidosis. The abdomen was markedly distended, tender, and tympanic with collateral circulation. An X-ray of the abdomen showed a huge pneumoperitoneum. An urgent exploratory laparotomy revealed 2 wide horizontal perforations and necrosis of the fundus and gastric body. Subtotal gastrectomy with esogastric anastomosis was done. Postoperatively, the patient was administered total parenteral nutrition and triple antibiotics and improved gradually. He passed stool and the abdomen was soft, lax, and non-distended and the wound healed. An upper gastrointestinal tract (UGIT) contrast study 1 week after the operation showed no leakage or stricture. The patient was discharged 2 months postoperatively with a bodyweight of 2 kg and was followed in the Outpatient Department (OPD). The patient survived after 80% gastric resection for necrosis of the stomach, which was a unique outcome for this major surgery. CONCLUSIONS Gastric perforation is a rare life-threatening condition in preterm neonates, usually managed by direct closure in layers. Exceptionally, partial gastrectomy is needed, which is a major operation, with a high mortality rate and poor outcome. We present a case of a preterm neonate who survived after 80% gastric resection for stomach necrosis.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Gastrectomy; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Necrosis; Stomach Diseases
PubMed: 34962911
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.931820 -
Nutrients Nov 2022The role of the gastric mucosal microbiome in -negative gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the microbial alterations and host...
The role of the gastric mucosal microbiome in -negative gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the microbial alterations and host inflammatory cytokine responses in -negative GC. Gastric mucosal samples were obtained from 137 -negative patients with GC ( = 45) and controls (chronic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia, = 92). We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing ( = 67), a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to determine the relative mRNA expression levels of (tumor necrosis factor), (interleukin 1 beta), (interleukin 6), (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8), (interleukin 10), (interleukin 17A), (transforming growth factor beta 1) ( = 113), and the correlation analysis between sequencing and expression data ( = 47). Gastric mucosal microbiota in patients with GC showed reduced diversity and a significantly different composition compared to that of the controls. was significantly enriched, while and were depleted in the cancer group compared to the control group. These taxa could distinguish the two groups in a random forest algorithm. Moreover, the combined relative abundance of these taxa, a GC microbiome index, significantly correlated with gastric mucosal expression, which was elevated in the cancer group. Overall, altered gastric mucosal microbiota was found to be associated with increased mucosal expression in -negative GC.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections; Stomach Neoplasms; Gastritis; Cytokines; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Gastric Mucosa
PubMed: 36501012
DOI: 10.3390/nu14234981 -
BMJ Case Reports Sep 2017Acute gastric necrosis is a very rare but potentially fatal condition which has been reported in patients with abnormal eating behaviours.We describe the case of a...
Acute gastric necrosis is a very rare but potentially fatal condition which has been reported in patients with abnormal eating behaviours.We describe the case of a 24-year-old female with a background of Asperger's syndrome, who presented with abdominal pain and gross distension. She underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomy and was found to have a massively distended, necrotic stomach. A total gastrectomy was performed with interval reconstruction planned. This case reports the surgical management of a rarely seen condition and highlights the importance of recognising gastric necrosis and its causes, which include patients with abnormal eating behaviours, the majority of whom are young females. This is the first report highlighting gastric necrosis in a patient with Asperger's syndrome and coincides with a growing recognition of the association between eating disorders and the autistic spectrum. It is also a rare example of patient survival following total gastric necrosis with perforation.
Topics: Asperger Syndrome; Diagnosis, Differential; Emergencies; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Gastrectomy; Humans; Necrosis; Stomach; Stomach Rupture; Young Adult
PubMed: 28954749
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221158 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Apr 2015Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is regarded as the major cause of various gastric diseases (gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer) and induces the... (Review)
Review
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is regarded as the major cause of various gastric diseases (gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer) and induces the production of several cytokines. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is recently recognized as an important player in the pathophysiology of infectious and immune-mediated gastrointestinal diseases. H. pylori infection increases IL-17 in the gastric mucosa of humans. IL-17 usually causes secretion of IL-8 through activation of ERK 1/2 MAP kinase pathway. The released IL-8 attracts neutrophils promoting inflammation. T regulatory cells (Tregs) suppress the inflammatory reaction driven by IL-17, there by favoring bacterial persistence in H. pylori-infection. The pathogenesis of H. pylori-induced inflammation is not well understood. Inflammation is promoted by both host factors and H. pylori factors, such as the proteins cytotoxin associated gene A (cagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA). IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TGF-β1, IL-17, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-22 have been reported to be involved in H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal inflammation, but the details and relation to different patterns of inflammation remain unclear. Numerous studies have demonstrated important functions of IL-17 in acute and chronic inflammatory processes. This paper reviews the role of IL-17 in gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer related to H. pylori.
Topics: Gastric Mucosa; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Inflammation; Interleukin-17
PubMed: 25773771
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.03.010 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2021This study investigated the gastroprotective effects and possible mechanism of Kangfuxin (KFX), an ethanol extract of Periplaneta americana L. (Dictyoptera; Blattidae),...
This study investigated the gastroprotective effects and possible mechanism of Kangfuxin (KFX), an ethanol extract of Periplaneta americana L. (Dictyoptera; Blattidae), on improving healing quality and preventing recurrence of gastric ulcer. The effects of KFX were investigated in patients treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), gastric ulcer animal model, and rat gastric mucosal cells and fibroblasts. Moreover, the relationship between KFX and p38/NF-κB pathway were explored both in vivo and in vitro. In patients, KFX exhibited protective effects against gastric ulcers and resulted in a decrease in the CD3 expression. In vivo animal experiments confirmed that KFX accelerated ulcer healing by promoting neovascularization (increased CD34 expression), suppressing inflammation (decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and IL-8 expression), and enhancing growth factor expression, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In vitro experiments demonstrated that treatment with 10% KFX rat serum decreased IL-1β, IL-1Ra, SIL-1RAP, TNF-α, and ICAM-1 expression in rat gastric mucosal cells or fibroblasts and increased IL-1R expression compared to that in the group treatment with 10% normal rat serum. Furthermore, KFX inhibited the activation of p38/NF-κB pathway both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, KFX treatment could effectively improve healing quality and prevent gastric ulcer recurrence, which might be attributed to neovascularization, suppressed inflammation, and enhanced growth factor expression. The p38/NF-κB pathway may be one of important mechanism to mediate the effects of KFX.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Cells, Cultured; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Male; Materia Medica; Rats; Recurrence; Stomach Ulcer; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33761454
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111513