-
ACS Applied Bio Materials Jul 2022Gelatin is an excellent gelling agent and is widely employed for hydrogel formation. Because of the poor mechanical properties of gelatin when dry, gelatin-aerogels are...
Gelatin is an excellent gelling agent and is widely employed for hydrogel formation. Because of the poor mechanical properties of gelatin when dry, gelatin-aerogels are comparatively rare. Herein we demonstrate that protein nanofibrils can be employed to improve the mechanical properties of gelatin aerogels, and the materials can moreover be functionalized with a an electrically conductive polyelectrolyte resulting in formation of an elastic electrically conductive aerogel that can be employed as a piezoresistive pressure sensor. The aerogel sensor shows a good linear relationship in a wide pressure range (1.8-300 kPa) with a sensitivity of 1.8 kPa. This work presents a convenient way to produce electrically conductive elastic aerogels from low-cost protein precursors.
Topics: Electric Conductivity; Gelatin; Hydrogels
PubMed: 35694974
DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00348 -
PloS One 2021Marine gelatin is one of the food proteins used in food and non-food products, offering desirable functionalities such as gelling, thickening, and binding. Jellyfish has...
Marine gelatin is one of the food proteins used in food and non-food products, offering desirable functionalities such as gelling, thickening, and binding. Jellyfish has been chosen for this gelatin research, in view of the benefits of its main collagen protein and lower fat content, which may reduce the amounts of chemicals used in the preparative steps of gelatin production. To date, the lack of identified proteins in gelatin has limited the understanding of differentiating intrinsic factors quantitatively and qualitatively affecting gel properties. No comparison has been made between marine gelatin of fish and that of jellyfish, regarding protein type and distribution differences. Therefore, the study aimed at characterizing jellyfish gelatin extracted from by-products, that are i.e., pieces that have broken off during the grading and cleaning step of salted jellyfish processing. Different pretreatment by hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentrations (0.1 and 0.2 M) and hot water extraction time (12 and 24 h) were studied as factors in jellyfish gelatin extraction. The resultant jellyfish gelatin with the highest gel strength (JFG1), as well as two commercial gelatins of fish gelatin (FG) and bovine gelatin (BG), were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results show that the jellyfish gelatin (JFG1) extracted with 0.1 M HCl at 60°C for 12 h delivered a maximum gel strength of 323.74 g, which is lower than for FG and BG, exhibiting 640.65 and 540.06 g, respectively. The gelling and melting temperatures of JFG1 were 7.1°C and 20.5°C, displaying a cold set gel and unstable gel at room temperature, whereas the gelling and melting temperatures of FG and BG were 17.4°C, 21.3°C, and 27.5°C, 32.7°C, respectively. Proteomic analysis shows that 29 proteins, of which 10 are types of collagen proteins and 19 are non-collagen proteins, are common to all BG, FG, and JFG1, and that JFG1 is missing 3 other collagen proteins (collagen alpha-2 (XI chain), collagen alpha-2 (I chain), and collagen alpha-2 (IV chain), that are important to gel networks. Thus, the lack of these 3 collagen types influences the inferior gel properties of jellyfish gelatin.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Collagen; Gelatin; Gels; Proteomics; Scyphozoa; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 34143821
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253254 -
Psychiatria Danubina Nov 2020Allergic reactions in anesthesia are a rare event, however, might be life threatening when occurred. Clinical manifestations may not be indicative at first, and... (Review)
Review
Allergic reactions in anesthesia are a rare event, however, might be life threatening when occurred. Clinical manifestations may not be indicative at first, and difficult to differentiate from different situations during operation and anesthesia. Colloids represent a group of fluids often used during perioperative period that, among other adverse reactions, have an allergic potential. Albumin is a natural colloid that has the lowest incidence of these reactions. However, it is found as an additional substance in other blood products, and, therefore, has to be taken into consideration if anaphylaxis occurs. Dextrans cause the most severe reactions due to dextran reactive antibodies. Pretreatment with Dextran 1 may inhibit the reaction. Gelatins have the highest incidence of anaphylaxis among colloids. Patients with history of allergy to some food, vaccines, cosmetics containing gelatin are at greater perioperative risk for anaphylaxis. Not to forget, gelatins are also a part of topical haemostatic agents used in surgery. Testing for colloid allergies is limited due to their pathophysiologic mechanism, so the clinical assessment is usually essential. Treatment of anaphylaxis caused by colloids is the same as for any other cause. This is a review of the most common colloids and their association with allergic reactions in everyday practice.
Topics: Anaphylaxis; Anesthesia; Colloids; Dextrans; Gelatin; Humans; Incidence
PubMed: 33212446
DOI: No ID Found -
Marine Drugs Oct 2019In this study, we aimed to obtain gelatin from the marine snail using acidic and enzymatic extraction methods and to characterize these natural products for cosmetic...
In this study, we aimed to obtain gelatin from the marine snail using acidic and enzymatic extraction methods and to characterize these natural products for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Marine gelatins presented protein values and hydroxyproline content similar to those of commercial mammalian gelatin, but with higher melting temperatures. Their electrophoretic profile and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed protein and absorption bands situated in the amide region, specific for gelatin molecule. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed significant differences in the structure of the lyophilized samples, depending on the type of gelatin. In vitro studies performed on human keratinocytes showed no cytotoxic effect of acid-extracted gelatin at all tested concentrations and moderate cytotoxicity of enzymatic extracted gelatin at concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/mL. Also, both marine gelatins favored keratinocyte cell adhesion. No irritant potential was recorded as the level of IL-1α and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokines released by HaCaT cells cultivated in the presence of marine gelatins was significantly reduced. Together, these data suggest that marine snails are an alternative source of gelatins with potential use in pharmaceutical and skincare products.
Topics: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Biological Products; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line; Cytokines; Gelatin; Humans; Inflammation; Keratinocytes; Snails
PubMed: 31627413
DOI: 10.3390/md17100589 -
Journal of Tissue Engineering and... Feb 2022Cartilage damage typically starts at its surface, either due to wear or trauma. Treatment of these superficial defects is important in preventing degradation and...
Cartilage damage typically starts at its surface, either due to wear or trauma. Treatment of these superficial defects is important in preventing degradation and osteoarthritis. Biomaterials currently used for deep cartilage defects lack appropriate properties for this application. Therefore, we investigated photo-crosslinked gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA) as a candidate for treatment of surface defects. It allows for liquid application, filling of surface defects and forming a protective layer after UV-crosslinking, thereby keeping therapeutic cells in place. gelMA and photo-initiator lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoylphosphinate (Li-TPO) concentration were optimized for application as a carrier to create a favorable environment for human articular chondrocytes (hAC). Primary hAC were used in passages 3 and 5, encapsulated into two different gelMA concentrations (7.5 wt% (soft) and 10 wt% (stiff)) and cultivated for 3 weeks with TGF-β3 (0, 1 and 10 ng/mL). Higher TGF-β3 concentrations induced spherical cell morphology independent of gelMA stiffness, while low TGF-β3 concentrations only induced rounded morphology in stiff gelMA. Gene expression did not vary across gel stiffnesses. As a functional model gelMA was loaded with two different cell types (hAC and/or human adipose-derived stem cells [ASC/TERT1]) and applied to human osteochondral osteoarthritic plugs. GelMA attached to the cartilage, smoothened the surface and retained cells in place. Resistance against shear forces was tested using a tribometer, simulating normal human gait and revealing maintained cell viability. In conclusion gelMA is a versatile, biocompatible material with good bonding capabilities to cartilage matrix, allowing sealing and smoothening of superficial cartilage defects while simultaneously delivering therapeutic cells for tissue regeneration.
Topics: Cartilage; Chondrocytes; Gelatin; Humans; Hydrogels; Methacrylates; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 34861104
DOI: 10.1002/term.3273 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Aug 2022The fish industry produces every year huge amounts of waste that represent an underutilized source of chemical richness. In this contribution, type I collagen was...
The fish industry produces every year huge amounts of waste that represent an underutilized source of chemical richness. In this contribution, type I collagen was extracted from the scales of and carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from the scales of These materials were combined to make hybrid films with UV-blocking ability, by casting a mixture of gelatin, glycerol (15%), and CDs (0, 1, 3, and 5%). The films were fully characterized from the mechanical, morphological, and optical point of view. Here, 40 μm thick films were obtained, characterized by a high water solubility (70%); moreover, the presence of CDs improved the film mechanical properties, in particular increasing the tensile strength (TS) up to 17 MPa and elongation at break (EAB) up to 40%. The CDs also modulated water vapor permeability and the thermal stability of the films. From the optical point of view, with just 5% loading of CDs the films blocked almost 70% of the UV radiation with negligible change in transparency (88.6% for the nonloaded vs 84.4% for 5% CDs) and opacity (1.32 for nonloaded vs 1.61 for 5% CDs). These types of hybrid biobased films hold promise for the production of sustainable UV-shields both for human health and for prolonging the shelf life of food.
Topics: Animals; Carbon; Fishes; Gelatin; Humans; Permeability; Solubility; Tensile Strength; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 35877809
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11749 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Phage therapy is one alternative to cure infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria. Due to the narrow host range of phages, hundreds to thousands of phages are...
Phage therapy is one alternative to cure infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria. Due to the narrow host range of phages, hundreds to thousands of phages are required to cover the diversity of bacterial pathogens. In personalized phage therapy, fast selection of the phages for individual patients is essential for successful therapy. The aims of this study were to set up a rapid hydrogel-based liquid phage susceptibility assay (PST) for the selection of phages for therapeutic use and to establish a "ready-to-screen" plate concept, where phages are readily stored in hydrogel as small droplets in microtiter plate wells. We first tested four commercially available hydrogels (GrowDex, Askina, Purilon, and Intrasite) for their suitability as phage matrices in PSTs with four phages, two of which infecting and two . Of these four hydrogels, GrowDex was the best matrix for PST, as it did not inhibit bacterial growth, released phages quickly when mixed with bacterial culture, and maintained phage viability well. We then optimized the assay for both optical density and microscopy readers using GrowDex as matrix with 23 bacterial strains representing 10 different species and 23 phages possessing different morphologies and genome sizes. When the bacterial growth was monitored by microscopy reader, the PST was executed in just 3 hours, and there was no need for overnight culturing bacterial cells prior to the assay, whereas using optical density reader, bacteria had to be pre-cultured overnight, and the assay time was five hours. Finally, we evaluated the effect of three different chemical stabilizers (trehalose, hyaluronic acid, and gelatin) in a six-month stability assay with six model phages. These phages assay behaved very differently in respect to the chemical stabilizers, and there was not a single stabilizer suitable for all phages. However, when gelatin (0.01%) or hyaluronic acid (0.2 mg/ml) was used as stabilizer, all tested phages were still considered as positives in PST after a six-month storage in 1 ml volume. In "ready-to-screen" plates, the differences in phage stabilities were even more profound, varying from two to six months for the most and least stable phages, respectively.
Topics: Humans; Bacteriophages; Hydrogels; Gelatin; Hyaluronic Acid; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli
PubMed: 36569196
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1032052 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022The potential use of gelatin materials in the liquid composite molding manufacturing (LCM) process was investigated, with specific focus on the reinforcement deformation...
The potential use of gelatin materials in the liquid composite molding manufacturing (LCM) process was investigated, with specific focus on the reinforcement deformation phenomenon. The adoptability of gelatin as a binder in a composite material with glass fiber for application in the LCM process was evaluated by analyzing the permeability and microscopic structure of the gelatin-coated glass fiber. To assess the tow deformation, the permeability of the non-crimped unidirectional glass fiber mat was evaluated at different flow rates that could be applied in the LCM process. Hysteresis of the permeability was observed as the flow rate increased and decreased, indicative of tow deformation. The permeability of the gelatin-treated glass fiber mat exhibited a relatively smaller variation than that of the untreated glass fiber at the same flow rate. Tow deformation in the untreated and gelatin-treated non-crimped glass fiber mats at different flow rates was evaluated by microscopic analysis and quantified using the tow thickness index. Relatively smaller variations in the permeability and minimal changes in the tow thickness of the gelatin-treated glass fiber mat were observed via microscopic analysis, indicating that gelatin effectively maintained the binding structure of the glass fiber mat.
Topics: Gelatin; Glass; Resins, Plant; Composite Resins; Materials Testing
PubMed: 36347913
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23569-z -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2021The expansion of fish filleting, driven by the increasing demand for convenience food, concomitantly generates a rising amount of skinning by-products. Current trends...
The expansion of fish filleting, driven by the increasing demand for convenience food, concomitantly generates a rising amount of skinning by-products. Current trends point to a growing share of aquaculture in fish production, so we have chosen three established aquaculture species to study the properties of gelatin extracted from their skin: rainbow trout, commonly filleted; and seabass and seabream, marketed whole until very recently. In the first case, trout skin yields only 1.6% gelatin accompanied by the lowest gel strength (96 g bloom), while yield for the other two species exceeds 6%, and gel strength reaches 181 and 229 g bloom for seabass and seabream, respectively. These results are in line with the proportion of total imino acids analyzed in the gelatin samples. Molecular weight profiling shows similarities among gelatins, but seabass and seabream gelatins appear more structured, with higher proportion of β-chains and high molecular weight aggregates, which may influence the rheological properties observed. These results present skin by-products of seabream, and to a minor extent seabass, as suitable raw materials to produce gelatin through valorization processes.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Bass; Fish Products; Gelatin; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Perciformes; Sea Bream; Seafood; Skin
PubMed: 34829985
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212104 -
Marine Drugs Jul 2023Fish skin gelatin is an important functional product in the food, cosmetics, and biomedicine industries, and establishing a green and effective fish skin gelatin...
Fish skin gelatin is an important functional product in the food, cosmetics, and biomedicine industries, and establishing a green and effective fish skin gelatin extraction method is an effective way to obtain high-quality gelatin and improve its production efficiency. In this study, a trypsin method was used to extract the skin gelatin of sea perch, tilapia, and grass carp, and the microstructures of skin gelatin of these three fish species were analyzed, with such functional characteristics as thermal stability, gel strength, and emulsifying properties measured. The study results show that the skin gelatin of sea perch and tilapia obtained through the trypsin method has a relatively big molecular mass, a dense network structure, and a stable trihelix conformation. In addition, the skin gelatin of these three fish species has a relatively high β-turn content in the secondary structure, good gel strength, and water absorption properties. The compositions of the collagen-associated proteins in the skin gelatins of these three fish species extracted with the trypsin method are significantly different from each other, with positive effects of decorin and biglycan on the stability of the network structure of gelatin and a certain damaging effect of metalloendopeptidase on the network structure of gelatin. The skin gelatin of tilapia has high thermal stability and good emulsifying performance. Therefore, this gelatin type has bright application prospects in such fields as food processing, cosmetics, and drug development. In contrast, the skin gelatin of grass carp has poor functional properties. Therefore, there are significant differences among the structures and functions of skin gelatin extracted from different kinds of fish through the trypsin method. This finding has provided a useful reference for the production of customized fish gelatin according to demand.
Topics: Animals; Perches; Gelatin; Tilapia; Carps; Trypsin
PubMed: 37623704
DOI: 10.3390/md21080423