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Cureus Aug 2022We present a case of infective endocarditis (IE) of the aortic valve, mitral valve, and aortomitral curtain caused by The patient was an otherwise healthy 53-year-old...
We present a case of infective endocarditis (IE) of the aortic valve, mitral valve, and aortomitral curtain caused by The patient was an otherwise healthy 53-year-old male without significant risk factors for infective endocarditis in his medical history. Due to the extent of the infective endocarditis and the rapid deterioration of his clinical condition, which included respiratory failure and severe heart failure, the patient was treated with urgent surgery (a Commando operation where both the aortic and mitral valves were replaced and the aortomitral curtain was reconstructed), broad-spectrum antibiotics, and aggressive postoperative measures such as venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This is the first reported case where the aortic valve, mitral valve, and aortomitral curtain were affected by .
PubMed: 36127981
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28099 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health 2019Gemella species are catalase-negative, facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive cocci, which are part of the human oral microbiome and may occasionally cause systemic... (Review)
Review
Gemella species are catalase-negative, facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive cocci, which are part of the human oral microbiome and may occasionally cause systemic infections. Infective endocarditis (IE) has been reported as the most common infection caused by Gemella species. We report the first case of IE due to Gemella sanguinis in Greece, in a patient with bicuspid aortic valve and review the available literature. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics and aortic valve replacement.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aortic Valve; Diagnosis, Differential; Echocardiography; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Gemella; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Greece; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Young Adult
PubMed: 30670353
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.01.001 -
Journal of the Formosan Medical... Aug 2014We describe a case of infective endocarditis of the native aortic valve due to Gemella sanguinis in a 67-year-old Taiwanese man who had pre-existent valvular heart... (Review)
Review
We describe a case of infective endocarditis of the native aortic valve due to Gemella sanguinis in a 67-year-old Taiwanese man who had pre-existent valvular heart disease. He was successfully treated with aortic valve replacement accompanying a 6-week intravenous antibiotic treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of G sanguinis endocarditis in Taiwan.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Gemella; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Male; Penicillins; Taiwan; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
PubMed: 25037762
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.02.012 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2023Recently, microbiota dysbiosis in lung cancer has attracted immense attention. Studies on lung microbes are mostly based on sequencing, which has left the potentially...
Recently, microbiota dysbiosis in lung cancer has attracted immense attention. Studies on lung microbes are mostly based on sequencing, which has left the potentially functional bacteria with extremely low abundance uncovered. In this study, we characterized and compared the lung and oral cavity microbiotas using culturomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Of the 198 bacteria identified at the species level from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, was predominant (39.90%). Twenty bacterial species isolated from BALF samples were present in at least half of the patients and were also highly abundant in oral samples. Of all isolated strains, Streptococcus and were highly dominant. The abundance of and decreased from the oral cavity to the lung, whereas that of Pseudomonas increased. Linear discriminant analysis effect size demonstrated that was more abundant in the healthy samples than in the cancerous ones, which is in accordance with the isolation of Prevotella oralis only from the healthy group using culturomics. Moreover, Gemella sanguinis and Streptococcus intermedius were isolated only from the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) group, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that they were higher in the NSCLC than in the small-cell lung cancer group. Furthermore, while and were enriched in lung adenocarcinoma, Brucella was enriched in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Overall, alterations were observed in the microbial community of patients with lung cancer, whose diversity might be site and pathology dependent. Using culturomics and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, this study has provided insights into pulmonary and oral microbiota alterations in patients with lung cancer. The relationship between lung microbiota and cancer has been explored based on DNA sequencing; however, culture-dependent approaches are indispensable for further studies on the lung microbiota. In this study, we applied a comprehensive approach combining culturomics and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to detect members of the microbiotas in saliva and BALF samples from patients with unilateral lobar masses. We found alterations in the microbial community of patients with lung cancer, whose diversity might be site and pathology dependent. These features may be potential bacterial biomarkers and new targets for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. In addition, a lung and oral microbial biobank from lung cancer patients was established, which represents a useful resource for studies of host-microbe interactions.
Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Genes, rRNA; Lung; Microbiota; Bacteria
PubMed: 37092999
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00314-23 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023is a catalase-negative, facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive coccus that is commensal in humans but can become opportunistic and cause severe infectious diseases, such...
is a catalase-negative, facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive coccus that is commensal in humans but can become opportunistic and cause severe infectious diseases, such as infective endocarditis. Few studies have tested the antimicrobial susceptibility of . We tested its antimicrobial susceptibility to 27 drugs and defined the resistant genes using PCR in 58 strains, including 52 clinical isolates and six type strains. The type strains and clinical isolates included 22 , 18 (GH) group (genetically indistinguishable from and ), 13 , three , and two . No strain was resistant to beta-lactams and vancomycin. In total, 6/22 (27.3%) strains were erythromycin- and clindamycin-resistant -positive, whereas 4/18 (22.2%) in the GH group, 7/13 (53.8%) , and 1/3 (33.3%) of the strains were erythromycin-non-susceptible - or -positive and clindamycin-susceptible. The MIC of minocycline and the ratios of -positive strains varied across the different species-: 2 µg/mL and 27.3% (6/22); GH group: 8 µg/mL and 27.8% (5/18); : 8 µg/mL and 46.2% (6/13), respectively. Levofloxacin resistance was significantly higher in (9/13 69.2%) than in (2/22 9.1%). Levofloxacin resistance was associated with a substitution at serine 83 for leucine, phenylalanine, or tyrosine in GyrA. The mechanisms of resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin differed across species. In addition, the rate of susceptibility to levofloxacin differed across sp., and the quinolone resistance mechanism was caused by mutations in GyrA alone.
PubMed: 37887239
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101538 -
Cureus Jun 2022A 78-year-old man presented with back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed marrow edema within the L4 and L5 vertebral bodies and a spinal epidural abscess in the...
A 78-year-old man presented with back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed marrow edema within the L4 and L5 vertebral bodies and a spinal epidural abscess in the spinal canal. The patient was considered to have pyogenic spondylodiscitis at the L4/L5 level. The Gram-positive cocci isolated from blood cultures were subsequently identified as using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Symptom improvement was achieved and the infection was eradicated with conservative treatment (treatment with ceftriaxone [CTRX] and minocycline [MINO]). We report the first case of -associated pyogenic spondylodiscitis. MALDI-TOF MS was useful in identifying this uncommon bacterium.
PubMed: 35911324
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26413 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... 2020Gemella sanguinis is an extremely rare cause of infectious endocarditis, with only 12 cases previously reported in the literature. Here we report the third known case of...
INTRODUCTION
Gemella sanguinis is an extremely rare cause of infectious endocarditis, with only 12 cases previously reported in the literature. Here we report the third known case of isolated mitral valve endocarditis secondary to G. sanguinis.
PRESENTATION OF CASE
A 53-year-old man with mitral valve prolapse and history of recent dental instrumentation presented with malaise, thigh and finger pain and new pansystolic murmur. He was diagnosed with severe mitral insufficiency due to infectious endocarditis secondary to G. sanguinis. He underwent mitral valve replacement and was treated with a long course of antibiotics.
DISCUSSION
G. sanguinis is a rare cause of infectious endocarditis with very few reported cases in the literature. In the majority of reported cases, a strategy of valve replacement along with prolonged antibiotic course results in good outcome for the patient.
PubMed: 32276216
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.03.001 -
Clinical Kidney Journal Jun 2013A 67-year-old man was evaluated for haematuria, with a rising creatinine level from 88 to 906 µmol/L and positive c-anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody...
Gemella sanguinis endocarditis with c-ANCA/anti-PR-3-associated immune complex necrotizing glomerulonephritis with a 'full-house' pattern on immunofluorescence microscopy.
A 67-year-old man was evaluated for haematuria, with a rising creatinine level from 88 to 906 µmol/L and positive c-anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)/anti-proteinase 3 (anti-PR3). A kidney biopsy revealed necrotizing glomerulonephritis with a 'full-house' pattern on immunofluorescence microscopy. Echocardiography and blood cultures growing Gemella sanguinis diagnosed endocarditis. Dialysis was required for a month. Three months later, following valve replacement, glucocorticoids and 2 months of antibiotic therapy, the creatinine level decreased to 62 µmol/L and c-ANCA/anti-PR3 disappeared. This first case of c-ANCA/anti-PR3 positive glomerulonephritis with a 'full-house' immunofluorescence pattern due to bacterial endocarditis underlines the importance of ruling out infection with ANCA positivity or kidney biopsy suggestive of lupus nephritis.
PubMed: 26064489
DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sft030 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023Congenital heart disease (CHD) remains a predisposing cardiac condition for infective endocarditis (IE). Case report: We present the case of 8-year-old boy with no known...
Congenital heart disease (CHD) remains a predisposing cardiac condition for infective endocarditis (IE). Case report: We present the case of 8-year-old boy with no known pre-existing cardiac disease diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE) with After admission, he underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), which revealed the presence of Shone syndrome with a bicuspid valve, mitral parachute valve and severe aortic coarctation. He developed a paravalvular aortic abscess with severe aortic regurgitation and left ventricle (LV) systolic dysfunction for which he required a complex surgical intervention after six weeks of antibiotic treatment, consisting of Ross operation and coarctectomy, with a complicated postoperative course, cardiac arrest and ECMO support for five days. The evolution was slow and favorable, with no significant residual valvular lesions. However, persistent LV systolic dysfunction and increased muscle enzymes required further investigation to establish a genetic diagnosis of Duchenne disease. As is not considered a frequent pathogen of IE, no current guidelines refer specifically to it. Additionally, the predisposing cardiac condition of our patient is not currently classified as "high-risk" for IE; this is not considered an indication for IE prophylaxis in the current guidelines. Conclusion: This case illustrates the importance of accurate bacteriological diagnosis in infective endocarditis and poses concerns regarding the necessity of IE prophylaxis in "moderate risk" cardiac conditions such as congenital valvular heart disease, especially aortic valve malformations.
PubMed: 37107068
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040706 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oct 1998Six strains of a hitherto undescribed gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccus isolated from human sources were characterized by phenotypic and...
Six strains of a hitherto undescribed gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccus isolated from human sources were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown strains were genealogically identical and constitute a new subline within the genus Gemella. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from Gemella haemolysans, Gemella bergeriae, and Gemella morbillorum by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Gemella sanguinis sp. nov. The type strain is CCUG 37820(T).
Topics: DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Cocci; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 9738079
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.36.10.3090-3093.1998