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Journal of Bacteriology Dec 2016
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Gentian Violet; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Phenazines; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 27815540
DOI: 10.1128/JB.00726-16 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Aug 2019Grapefruit seed extract (GSE) is a safe and effective preservative that is used widely in the food industry. However, there are few studies addressing the anti-biofilm...
Grapefruit seed extract (GSE) is a safe and effective preservative that is used widely in the food industry. However, there are few studies addressing the anti-biofilm effect of GSE. In this study, the anti-biofilm effect of GSE was investigated against biofilm-forming strains of and . The GSE minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for and were 25 μg/ml and 250 μg/ml, respectively. To investigate biofilm inhibition and degradation effect, crystal violet assay and stainless steel were used. Biofilm formation rates of four strains ( 7, 8, ATCC 25922, and O157:H4 FRIK 125) were 55.8%, 70.2%, 55.4%, and 20.6% at 1/2 × MIC of GSE, respectively. The degradation effect of GSE on biofilms attached to stainless steel coupons was observed (≥ 1 log CFU/coupon) after exposure to concentrations above the MIC for all strains and 1/2 × MIC for 7. In addition, the specific mechanisms of this anti-biofilm effect were investigated by evaluating hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production rate, and motility. Significant changes in EPS production rate and motility were observed in both and in the presence of GSE, while changes in hydrophobicity were observed only in . No relationship was seen between auto-aggregation and biofilm formation. Therefore, our results suggest that GSE might be used as an anti-biofilm agent that is effective against and .
Topics: Biofilms; Citrus paradisi; Escherichia coli; Gentian Violet; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Seeds; Stainless Steel; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 31370119
DOI: 10.1041/jmb.1905.05022 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2020
Review
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gentian Violet; Humans; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 32769306
DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_579_19 -
Journal of Immunology Research 2020Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of tumor-related deaths worldwide. In this study, we explored the in vivo effects of quercetin, a plant flavonol from...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of tumor-related deaths worldwide. In this study, we explored the in vivo effects of quercetin, a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols with antioxidant effects, on colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS). Thirty mice were randomly assigned into three groups: the control group, the AOM/DSS group, and the quercetin+AOM/DSS group. CRC was induced by AOM injection and a solution of 2% DSS in the drinking water. In the AOM/DSS-induced colon cancer mice model, quercetin treatment dramatically reduced the number and size of colon tumors. In addition, quercetin significantly restored the leukocyte counts by decreasing the inflammation caused by AOM/DSS. We also observed that the expression of oxidative stress markers, such as lipid peroxide (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glucose-6-phosphate (G6PD), and glutathione (GSH), could be reduced by quercetin, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory function of quercetin comes from its antioxidant effect. Moreover, potential biomarkers were identified with serum metabolite profiling. Increased levels of 2-hydroxybutyrate, 2-aminobutyrate, and 2-oxobutyrate and decreased levels of gentian violet, indole-3-methyl acetate, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, indoxyl sulfate, and indoxyl were also found in the AOM/DSS-treated mice. However, quercetin treatment successfully decreased the levels of 2-hydroxybutyrate, 2-aminobutyrate, 2-oxobutyrate, endocannabinoids, and sphinganine and increased the levels of gentian violet, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, indoxyl sulfate, and indoxyl. Together, our data demonstrated that quercetin could maintain relatively potent antitumor activities against colorectal cancer in vivo through its anti-inflammation effect.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Azoxymethane; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinogenesis; Colon; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gentian Violet; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oxidative Stress; Quercetin; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 32537472
DOI: 10.1155/2020/9242601 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Sep 2012A rapid means of assessing reproductive status in rodents is useful not only in the study of reproductive dysfunction but is also required for the production of new...
A rapid means of assessing reproductive status in rodents is useful not only in the study of reproductive dysfunction but is also required for the production of new mouse models of disease and investigations into the hormonal regulation of tissue degeneration (or regeneration) following pathological challenge. The murine reproductive (or estrous) cycle is divided into 4 stages: proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus. Defined fluctuations in circulating levels of the ovarian steroids 17-β-estradiol and progesterone, the gonadotropins luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones, and the luteotropic hormone prolactin signal transition through these reproductive stages. Changes in cell typology within the murine vaginal canal reflect these underlying endocrine events. Daily assessment of the relative ratio of nucleated epithelial cells, cornified squamous epithelial cells, and leukocytes present in vaginal smears can be used to identify murine estrous stages. The degree of invasiveness, however, employed in collecting these samples can alter reproductive status and elicit an inflammatory response that can confound cytological assessment of smears. Here, we describe a simple, non-invasive protocol that can be used to determine the stage of the estrous cycle of a female mouse without altering her reproductive cycle. We detail how to differentiate between the four stages of the estrous cycle by collection and analysis of predominant cell typology in vaginal smears and we show how these changes can be interpreted with respect to endocrine status.
Topics: Animals; Estrous Cycle; Female; Gentian Violet; Mice; Staining and Labeling; Vagina; Vaginal Douching
PubMed: 23007862
DOI: 10.3791/4389 -
Dermatology Online Journal May 2020To review the use of gentian violet in dermatology. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the use of gentian violet in dermatology.
DESIGN
A comprehensive literature search on gentian violet in dermatology practice was performed through PubMed.
RESULTS
Gentian violet is effective in treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-colonized skin lesions; mean number of days for complete eradication was 9.1 days. Gentian violet is almost as effective as ketoconazole and more effective than nystatin in the treatment of oral thrush in AIDS patients. In an in vitro study on cutaneous T cell lymphoma cell lines, there was no difference between nitrogen mustard and gentian violet in stimulating apoptosis. When comparing gentian violet to silver sulfadiazine dressings in healing burn wounds, the gentian violet treatment group reported less pain, fewer febrile episodes, and decreased bacterial growth compared to control. In atopic dermatitis subjects, gentian violet decreased Staphylococcus aureus colonization and improved disease severity in lesional skin compared to non-lesional skin.
CONCLUSION
Studies have investigated gentian violet's antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-angiogenic, antitumor, and wound healing properties. Gentian violet is a low cost and well-tolerated topical agent with the potential for widespread applications in dermatology.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Dermatology; Gentian Violet; Humans; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 32621695
DOI: No ID Found -
Experimental Dermatology Dec 2013Gentian violet (GV) has a long and varied history as a medicinal agent. Historically used as an antibacterial and antifungal, recent reports have shown its utility as an... (Review)
Review
Gentian violet (GV) has a long and varied history as a medicinal agent. Historically used as an antibacterial and antifungal, recent reports have shown its utility as an antitypranosomal, antiviral and anti-angiogenic agent. The objective of this article is to summarize evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of GV use in dermatology. Recent discoveries have found novel targets of GV, namely NADPH oxidase in mammalian cells and thioredoxin reductase 2 in bacterial, fungal and parasitic cells. These discoveries have expanded the use of GV in the 21st century. Given that GV is well tolerated, effective and inexpensive, its use in dermatology is predicted to increase.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antineoplastic Agents; Dermatology; Gentian Violet; History, 19th Century; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Plant Extracts; Skin Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections
PubMed: 24118276
DOI: 10.1111/exd.12257 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 1991The purpose of the study was to examine intercenter variability in the interpretation of Gram-stained vaginal smears from pregnant women. The intercenter reliability of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The purpose of the study was to examine intercenter variability in the interpretation of Gram-stained vaginal smears from pregnant women. The intercenter reliability of individual morphotypes identified on the vaginal smear was evaluated by comparing them with those obtained at a standard center. A new scoring system that uses the most reliable morphotypes from the vaginal smear was proposed for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis. This scoring system was compared with the Spiegel criteria for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis. The scoring system (0 to 10) was described as a weighted combination of the following morphotypes: lactobacilli, Gardnerella vaginalis or bacteroides (small gram-variable rods or gram-negative rods), and curved gram-variable rods. By using the Spearman rank correlation to determine intercenter variability, gram-positive cocci had poor agreement (0.23); lactobacilli (0.65), G. vaginalis (0.69), and bacteroides (0.57) had moderate agreement; and small (0.74) and curved (0.85) gram-variable rods had good agreement. The reliability of the 0 to 10 scoring system was maximized by not using gram-positive cocci, combining G. vaginalis and bacteroides morphotypes, and weighting more heavily curved gram-variable rods. For comparison with the Spiegel criteria, a score of 7 or higher was considered indicative of bacterial vaginosis. The standardized score had improved intercenter reliability (r = 0.82) compared with the Spiegel criteria (r = 0.61). The standardized score also facilitates future research concerning bacterial vaginosis because it provides gradations of the disturbance of vaginal flora which may be associated with different levels of risk for pregnancy complications.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Bacteriological Techniques; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Gentian Violet; Humans; Phenazines; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Reproducibility of Results; Staining and Labeling; Vaginal Smears; Vaginitis
PubMed: 1706728
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.29.2.297-301.1991 -
International Wound Journal Jan 2023The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of Lugol's solution 5% and Gentian violet 1% against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm in...
The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of Lugol's solution 5% and Gentian violet 1% against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm in vivo. The bactericidal efficacy for treatment of MRSA-biofilm skin wound infection was tested in a murine model. Luciferase-tagged S. aureus Xen31, a MRSA-strain derived from S. aureus ATCC-3359130, was used for infection. Wounds were made in the skin of mice and infected with MRSA. The mice were treated with Lugol's solution and Gentian violet. Application of the antimicrobial agents started 24 hours post infection and was repeated daily for five-days. The antimicrobial effect on the biofilm bacteria was evaluated by measuring bioluminescence from MRSA daily for seven-days. Lugol's solution and Gentian violet showed a significant reduction in luminescent signals from the first assessment day to all subsequent days (P < .001). Lugol's solution and Gentian violet effectively eradicated MRSA in biofilm in vivo and could be alternatives or in addition to topical antibiotics when MRSA-biofilm wound infection is suspected.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Gentian Violet; Staphylococcus aureus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Wound Infection; Soft Tissue Injuries; Biofilms
PubMed: 35633295
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13846 -
California Medicine Feb 1954Thirty cases of anogenital moniliasis were studied. Only five followed oral use of broad spectrum antibiotics. Although anogenital pruritus commonly follows the use of...
Thirty cases of anogenital moniliasis were studied. Only five followed oral use of broad spectrum antibiotics. Although anogenital pruritus commonly follows the use of such drugs, it is rarely proved to be moniliasis, which is clinically diagnosed by symptoms of intertriginous denudation with satellite vesicopustules or the presence of cheesy, grossly detachable plaques. The diagnosis may be confirmed by microscopic observation of delicate hyphae and clusters of spores, or of chlamydospores on corn meal agar. One per cent aqueous gentian violet, 0.1 per cent gentian violet jel, or locally applied mercurials are the most effective forms of treatment, but effort must also be directed against predisposing factors (obesity, hyperhidrosis, oral or local use of broad spectrum antibiotics, diabetes and pregnancy).
Topics: Anal Canal; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Anus Diseases; Candidiasis; Disease; Genitalia; Gentian Violet; Obesity; Pruritus
PubMed: 13126812
DOI: No ID Found