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International Journal of Medical... 2020The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), with its unique anatomical complexity, is of great clinical importance and involved in many diseases including aneurysm,... (Review)
Review
The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), with its unique anatomical complexity, is of great clinical importance and involved in many diseases including aneurysm, ischemic stroke, neurovascular compression syndrome (NVCS), arteriovenous malformation (AVM), and brain tumor. However, a comprehensive systematic review of the importance of the PICA is currently lacking. In this study, we perform a literature review of PICA by searching all the associated papers in the PUBMED database hoping to provide a better understanding of the artery. The PICA has tortuous and variable course and territory, divided into 5 segments. Various aneurysms involving PICA were not uncommon, of which the treatment is challenging. The PICA infarct typically manifests lateral medullary syndrome (LMS) and is more likely to cause mass effects. The PICA frequently compresses the medulla and the cranial nerves resulting in various neurovascular compression syndromes (NVCS). Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) fed by PICA are associated with aneurysm and dissection which have high risk of rupture and worse outcome. PICA injured by head trauma can cause fatal SAH. VA terminating in PICA probably cause Bow hunter's syndrome (BHS). The PICA supplies many brain tumors and can be used in intracerebellar chemotherapy. The PICA can be exposed and injured during surgeries especially in telovelar approach, and it also plays an important role in bypass surgeries, hinting the surgical importance of PICA. In conclusion, PICA is very important in clinical practice.
Topics: Anatomic Variation; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebellum; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations; Ischemic Stroke; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Vertebral Artery
PubMed: 33173421
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49137 -
Nutrients Dec 2022During pregnancy, women tend to improve their lifestyle habits and refine their dietary intake. Quite often, however, these dietary improvements take an unhealthy turn,...
During pregnancy, women tend to improve their lifestyle habits and refine their dietary intake. Quite often, however, these dietary improvements take an unhealthy turn, with orthorexia nervosa (ON) practices being apparent. The aim of the present pilot cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of ON tendencies and the incidence of pica and record diet practices in a sample of pregnant women. A total of 157 pregnant women were recruited through private practice gynecologists during the first months of 2021. Nutrition-related practices were recorded, orthorexic tendencies were assessed using the translated and culturally adapted Greek version of the ORTO-15 questionnaire, pica practices were evaluated with a binary question and nausea and emesis during pregnancy (NVP) was evaluated using the translated modified Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (mPUQE). Only two women reported pica tendencies, with ice and snow being the consumed items. The majority (61.1%) of women reported improving their diet since conception was achieved. Folic acid and iron oral nutrient supplements (ONS) were reportedly consumed by the majority of participants (87.9% and 72.6%, respectively) and 9.6% reported using herbal medicine products. The ORTO-15 score was reduced with tertiary education attainment, ART conception, being in the third trimester of pregnancy, consumption of folic acid and MV supplements and was only increased among women who were at their first pregnancy. The majority of participants experienced severe NVP and the remaining experienced moderate NVP. NVP was associated with lower hemoglobin levels, lack of supplementary iron intake, avoidance of gluten-containing foods, as well as with increased gestational weight gain. The results highlight the need to screen pregnant women for disturbed eating behaviors and nutrition-related problems, in order to ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Pregnant Women; Pilot Projects; Pica; Cross-Sectional Studies; Morning Sickness; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Vomiting; Nausea; Folic Acid; Iron
PubMed: 36558433
DOI: 10.3390/nu14245275 -
Relationship between Stunting, Wasting, Underweight and Geophagy and Cognitive Function of Children.Journal of Tropical Pediatrics Oct 2020The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric characteristics and both geophagy and cognitive function of children.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric characteristics and both geophagy and cognitive function of children.
STUDY DESIGN
The study prospectively followed singleton children whose mothers participated in the MiPPAD clinical trial in Allada, Benin, from birth to age 12 months. Anthropometric measurements were taken at birth and 9 and 12 months. Wasting, stunting and underweight were defined as weight-for-length, length-for-age and weight-for-age Z-scores less than -2, respectively. Cognitive and motor functions were assessed using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Parent-reported geophageous habits of children were collected when the children were 12 months. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were used to analyse the data.
RESULTS
A total of 632 children (49.7% girls) were involved in the study. Stunting, wasting and underweight were observed in 14.1%, 13.6% and 17.7%, respectively, at 9 months and 17.3%, 12.7% and 17.2%, respectively, at 12 months. The prevalence of geophagy among the children was 48.2%. Impaired growth at 9 and 12 months was consistently associated with low cognitive and gross motor (GM) score. Children stunted at 9 months had lower GM scores at 12 months compared with their non-stunted peers (β = -3.48, 95% confidence interval -6.62 to -0.35).
CONCLUSIONS
Stunting, wasting and underweight are associated with cognitive and GM deficits in infants. In this setting, impaired growth was not associated with geophagy. Further research evaluating geophagy and growth prospectively and concurrently from birth to 36 months is needed.
Topics: Cachexia; Cognition; Female; Growth Disorders; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pica; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Thinness
PubMed: 32129870
DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmaa009 -
Forensic Toxicology Jan 2022The purpose of the current study was to evaluate an analytical characterization of a novel synthetic cannabinoid...
PURPOSE
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate an analytical characterization of a novel synthetic cannabinoid ethyl-2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-EDMB-PICA), which has a similar chemical structure to the controlled synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PICA.
METHODS
The compound was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), supercritical fluid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (SFC-QTOF-MS) and spectroscopic methods, such as attenuated total reflection (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies.
RESULTS
In this study, we reported a comprehensive analytical data of 5F-EDMB-PICA. The data of analytical characterization for the 5F-EDMB-PICA were obtained by GC-MS, SFC-QTOF-MS, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and H and C NMR spectroscopy.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we presented a comprehensive analytical characterization of 5F-EDMB-PICA obtained by H NMR, C NMR, GC-MS, SFC-QTOF-MS, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The analytical data of 5F-EDMB-PICA are very useful for forensic, toxicological, and clinical diagnosis.
Topics: Indoles; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Forensic Toxicology; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; Cannabinoids
PubMed: 36454500
DOI: 10.1007/s11419-021-00605-7 -
Cureus Jul 2020Pica is an unusual condition in which patients crave and chew substances with no nutritional value. Ice pica (pagophagia) is commonly seen in patient with iron...
Pica is an unusual condition in which patients crave and chew substances with no nutritional value. Ice pica (pagophagia) is commonly seen in patient with iron deficiency. People chew ice cubes or add ice to their drinks to cool or refresh themselves, and they may not consider this as an abnormal behavior. Excessive ice chewing/eating can have significant health risks, including electrolyte abnormalities and metabolic disorders. We report a patient admitted to our hospital with severe hyponatremia and seizures due to iron deficiency-associated pagophagia. Ice pica leading to hyponatremia and seizure is not commonly seen in clinical practice. It was a challenging case and the patient was seen and investigated at outpatient clinic for polyuria, though an underlying cause was not identified. Patients may be secretive or reluctant to mention their pica habit. Studies have also shown that most physicians are unaware of pica and most cases can be easily missed.
PubMed: 32742885
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9330 -
Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.... 1990Pica is an eating disorder that is manifested by a craving for oral ingestion of a given substance that is unusual in kind and or quantity. It is a long-standing... (Review)
Review
Pica is an eating disorder that is manifested by a craving for oral ingestion of a given substance that is unusual in kind and or quantity. It is a long-standing practice that has far reaching implications for prevention and treatment--implications for public health as well as clinical personnel who work in settings where they have the potential for influencing health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of their patients. Pica practices also challenge researchers and social scientists whose work encompass development and refinement of models related to nutritional deficiencies. The body of literature on pica is so fragmented that it is difficult to find a precise summary of the knowns and unknowns about the condition. There is little consistency in defining pica, classifying substances ingested, identifying key characteristics of practicers, recommending treatment, or in projecting outcomes. This review presents a framework for understanding pica as a general practice, summarizes divergent reported hypotheses and conclusions, and illustrates that there is a need for more comprehensive studies of prevalence and incidence and use of deductive as well as inductive research processes.
Topics: Adult; Child, Preschool; Ethnicity; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Pica; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Socialization; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 2106702
DOI: No ID Found -
Forensic Science, Medicine, and... Dec 2022Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) remain one of the largest groups of new psychoactive substances. Recently, new synthetic cannabinoids 5F-MDMB-PICA and 4F-MDMB-BINACA are...
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) remain one of the largest groups of new psychoactive substances. Recently, new synthetic cannabinoids 5F-MDMB-PICA and 4F-MDMB-BINACA are increasing in popularity. A 33-year-old man lost consciousness after smoking an unknown substance. A glass pipe and two lumps of substance that turned out to contain 5F-MDMB-PICA and 4F-MDMB-BINACA were found at the scene. Blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid were collected during the examination of the body. The synthetic cannabinoids were isolated from autopsy materials by precipitation with acetonitrile and extraction with ethyl acetate. The screening and quantitative analyses were performed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q/TOF) technique was used for metabolite identification. 5F-MDMB-PICA was detected and quantified in all analysed materials, whereas 4F-MDMB-BINACA was found only in cerebrospinal fluid. The determined concentrations of 5F-MDMB-PICA were 0.9 (blood), 0.1 (urine) and 3.2 ng/mL (cerebrospinal fluid). The concentration of 4F-MDMB-BINACA in cerebrospinal fluid was 0.1 ng/mL. The main metabolites of both compounds (hydrolysis and oxidative defluorination) were found in all analysed body fluids. Cerebrospinal fluid may be important alternative material in autopsy cases. Rapid elimination of 5F-MDMB-PICA and 4F-MDMB-BINACA compounds also means that the metabolite analysis can be crucial for the investigation. Laboratories must be made aware of their presence and incorporate these SCs and their metabolites into workflows for detection and confirmation. Ester hydrolysis and oxidative defluorination products can be found in blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid making them useful biomarkers of intake.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Chromatography, Liquid; Illicit Drugs; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Cannabinoids; Body Fluids
PubMed: 35699867
DOI: 10.1007/s12024-022-00492-3 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Aug 2003Please This earth is blessed Do not play in it Sign on the wall of El Santuario de Chimayo, New Mexico (Review)
Review
Please This earth is blessed Do not play in it Sign on the wall of El Santuario de Chimayo, New Mexico
Topics: Adult; Animals; Child, Preschool; Cultural Diversity; Female; Humans; Pica; Pregnancy; Religion and Medicine
PubMed: 12971372
DOI: 10.3201/eid0908.ad0908 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Jun 1971
Review
Topics: Air Pollution; Bone and Bones; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Dexamethasone; Dimercaprol; Edetic Acid; Globins; Humans; Hydro-Lyases; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Mannitol; Nephritis; Paint; Penicillamine; Pica; Porphyrins; Spectrum Analysis; Time Factors; United Kingdom; Water Pollution
PubMed: 4997770
DOI: 10.1136/adc.46.247.233 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... May 2006
Topics: Animals; Ascaridida Infections; Ascaridoidea; Feces; Humans; Pica; Raccoons
PubMed: 16682706
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.051652