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Journal of Ovarian Research Sep 2022Ovarian malignant mesoderm mixed tumor (OMMMT) is a rare clinical entity. To provide reference for the treatment and prognosis of OMMMT, we analyzed the clinical... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Ovarian malignant mesoderm mixed tumor (OMMMT) is a rare clinical entity. To provide reference for the treatment and prognosis of OMMMT, we analyzed the clinical features, pathology and molecular biology characteristic of published cases.
METHODS
The English and Chinese reported cases of OMMMT were selected from PubMed, Clinical Trials.gov and CNKI database from 2000 to December 15th, 2021 following the PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS
A total of 63 literatures including 199 OMMMT cases were included. The average age of patients at diagnosis was 56.46 years, the highest incidence age was 60-65 years, and 82% of them were menopausal women. Most patients were diagnosed in FIGO III stage (59.64%). The most common symptom of OMMMT was abdominal pain (60.5%). 61.6% of patients were accompanied by ascites, while ascites was not associated with metastatic tumor and local recurrence. The CA125 of 88.68% patients increased. The most common reported carcinomatous component and sarcomatous component were serous adenocarcinoma (44.96%) and chondrosarcoma (24.81%), respectively. Initial treatment included surgery (94.97%) and taxanes-based (55.10%) or platinum-based (85.71%) chemotherapy regimens. The median survival time of patients was 20 months. Heterologous sarcoma component did not shorten life expectancy. The optimal ovarian tumor cell debulking surgery (OOTCDS), radiotherapy and chemotherapy could significantly prolong the median survival time of patients. Furthermore, platinum drugs could significantly prolong the survival time after comparing various chemotherapy schemes. Besides, the combination of platinum and taxanes was therapeutically superior to the combination of platinum and biological alkylating agents.
CONCLUSION
The OOTCDS and platinum-based chemotherapy regimen can improve the prognosis of OMMMT. Targeted therapy might become a new research direction in the future. Since the elderly patients are the majority, the toxicity of new drugs on the elderly patients is more noteworthy.
Topics: Aged; Alkylating Agents; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Mesoderm; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Taxoids
PubMed: 36114551
DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01037-6 -
The International Journal of... 2006The cellular and developmental analysis of evolutionary-conserved genes directing bilaterian mesodermal and myogenic cell fate previously identified the hydromedusan... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The cellular and developmental analysis of evolutionary-conserved genes directing bilaterian mesodermal and myogenic cell fate previously identified the hydromedusan entocodon and its differentiation product, the striated muscle, as mesodermal derivatives. In view of these findings we presented a hypothesis disputing the diploblast classification of cnidarians without providing further explanations for the apparent diploblasty of the polyp stage and the formation of the subepidermal striated muscle in those Medusozoa lacking the entocodon nodule (Seipel and Schmid, 2005). Hence we carried out a systematic review of the histological and experimental evidence for mesodermal differentiations in cnidarians. In anthozoan and scyphozoan but not in hydrozoan polyps the presumptive mesodermal elements include amoeboid cells, the mesentery retractor muscles and scleroblasts, all of which are embedded or deeply rooted in the extracellular matrix (mesoglea) and derive from the ectoblastemal cells invading the extracellular matrix from the gastrulation site during or shortly after endoderm formation. These data lend further support to the cnidarian mesodermate hypothesis, whereby cnidarians and bilaterians share a common triploblast ancestor, the Urtriploblast, a small, motile, possibly medusa-like organism that did not feature a sessile polyp stage in its life cycle. As a consequence the diploblasty of the hydrozoan polyps may represent a derived morphology resulting from heterochronic modulations of the gastrulation process after endoderm formation.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cnidaria; Germ Layers; Life Cycle Stages; Mesoderm; Models, Biological; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 16892172
DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.062150ks -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023Pluripotency describes the ability of stem cells to differentiate into derivatives of the three germ layers. In reporting new human pluripotent stem cell lines, their... (Review)
Review
Pluripotency describes the ability of stem cells to differentiate into derivatives of the three germ layers. In reporting new human pluripotent stem cell lines, their clonal derivatives or the safety of differentiated derivatives for transplantation, assessment of pluripotency is essential. Historically, the ability to form teratomas in vivo containing different somatic cell types following injection into immunodeficient mice has been regarded as functional evidence of pluripotency. In addition, the teratomas formed can be analyzed for the presence of malignant cells. However, use of this assay has been subject to scrutiny for ethical reasons on animal use and due to the lack of standardization in how it is used, therefore questioning its accuracy. In vitro alternatives for assessing pluripotency have been developed such as ScoreCard and PluriTest. However, it is unknown whether this has resulted in reduced use of the teratoma assay. Here, we systematically reviewed how the teratoma assay was reported in publications between 1998 (when the first human embryonic stem cell line was described) and 2021. Our analysis of >400 publications showed that in contrast to expectations, reporting of the teratoma assay has not improved: methods are not yet standardized, and malignancy was examined in only a relatively small percentage of assays. In addition, its use has not decreased since the implementation of the ARRIVE guidelines on reduction of animal use (2010) or the introduction of ScoreCard (2015) and PluriTest (2011). The teratoma assay is still the preferred method to assess the presence of undifferentiated cells in a differentiated cell product for transplantation since the in vitro assays alone are not generally accepted by the regulatory authorities for safety assessment. This highlights the remaining need for an in vitro assay to test malignancy of stem cells.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Teratoma; Embryonic Stem Cells; Cell Line; Injections; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 36835305
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043879 -
Molecular Neurobiology Feb 2013Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an incurable form of brain cancer with a very poor prognosis. Because of its highly invasive nature, it is impossible to remove all... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an incurable form of brain cancer with a very poor prognosis. Because of its highly invasive nature, it is impossible to remove all tumor cells during surgical resection, making relapse inevitable. Further research into the regulatory mechanism underpinning GBM pathogenesis is therefore warranted, and over the past decade, there has been an increased focus on the functional role of microRNA (miRNA). This systematic review aims to present a comprehensive overview of all the available literature on the expression profiles and function of miRNA in GBM. Here, we have reviewed 163 papers and identified 253 upregulated, 95 downregulated, and 17 disputed miRNAs with respect to expression levels; 85 % of these miRNAs have not yet been functionally characterized. A focus in this study has been 26 interesting miRNAs involved in the mesenchymal mode of migration and invasion, demonstrating the importance of miRNAs in the context of the cellular niche. Both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive miRNAs were found to affect target genes involved in cell migration, cytoskeletal rearrangement, invasiveness, and angiogenesis. Clearly, the distinct functional properties of these miRNAs need further investigation and might hold a great potential in future molecular therapies targeting GBM.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Cell Movement; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glioblastoma; Humans; Mesoderm; MicroRNAs; Neoplasm Invasiveness
PubMed: 23054677
DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8349-7 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jul 2008The clinical condition generalized epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, also known as bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, is an autosomal dominant disorder and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The clinical condition generalized epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, also known as bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, is an autosomal dominant disorder and presents as a bullous disease of the newborn followed by an ichthyotic skin disorder throughout life. Clinical epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (cEHK) has characteristic histopathologic findings. Mosaic cEHK, which occurs without a family history, is a sporadic condition that clinically resembles epidermal nevi but demonstrates histopathologic findings similar to the generalized disorder; when a postzygotic mutation involves the germ line, the disease can occur in subsequent generations as generalized cEHK. Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens (IBS) is similar histopathogically, but is clinically distinct from generalized cEHK, presenting with more superficial bullae.
OBJECTIVES
It is well established that the clinical diagnoses generalized cEHK, mosaic cEHK, and IBS have similar histopathologic findings of epidermolysis with hyperkeratosis. We sought (1) to characterize the spectrum of histopathologic features and (2) to assess whether there were histopathologic differences between these clinically distinct disorders.
METHODS
One hundred seventeen skin biopsy slides from the National Registry for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Disorders were reviewed, with those reviewers blinded to clinical information. All slides were systematically evaluated for a variety of features, including differences in the pattern of the epidermolysis and hyperkeratosis. Clinical predictions of whether the biopsy specimen was obtained from patients with generalized cEHK, mosaic cEHK, or IBS were made on the basis of histologic pattern of the epidermolysis and hyperkeratosis.
RESULTS
Eighteen of the 117 slides revealed features sufficient to make a histologic diagnosis of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (hEHK). One additional slide, for which a definitive histologic diagnosis was not possible, had features of both hEHK and acantholytic dyskeratosis. Two distinct patterns of the histopathologic changes were observed within the 18 slides diagnostic of hEHK: (1) continuous involvement of the entire horizontal epidermis and (2) focal involvement revealing skip areas of normal-appearing epidermis along the horizontal epidermis. Upon clinical correlation, all 12 of the slides with continuous involvement were from patients with generalized cEHK. One slide was from acral skin and had continuous involvement; this was from a patient with Vorner's palmoplantar keratoderma. Of the remaining 5 slides with focal involvement, two patterns were observed: focal involvement of both granular and spinous layers and focal involvement of only the granular layer. The 3 slides with focal involvement of the granular and spinous layers were from patients with mosaic cEHK. Of the two slides with focal involvement confined to the granular layer, one was from a patient with IBS and the other from a patient with generalized cEHK.
LIMITATION
The sample pool is biased by who was enrolled in the Registry and therefore may not represent the full spectrum of the disease.
CONCLUSION
The pattern of histologic involvement may be a useful predictor of the clinical phenotype of cEHK.
Topics: Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hyperkeratosis, Epidermolytic; Ichthyosis; Skin
PubMed: 18571597
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.02.031 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021Embryonic losses constitute a major burden for reproductive efficiency of farm animals. Pregnancy losses in ungulate species, which include cattle, pigs, sheep and...
Embryonic losses constitute a major burden for reproductive efficiency of farm animals. Pregnancy losses in ungulate species, which include cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, majorly occur during the second week of gestation, when the embryo experiences a series of cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration processes encompassed under the term conceptus elongation. Conceptus elongation takes place following blastocyst hatching and involves a massive proliferation of the extraembryonic membranes trophoblast and hypoblast, and the formation of flat embryonic disc derived from the epiblast, which ultimately gastrulates generating the three germ layers. This process occurs prior to implantation and it is exclusive from ungulates, as embryos from other mammalian species such as rodents or humans implant right after hatching. The critical differences in embryo development between ungulates and mice, the most studied mammalian model, have precluded the identification of the genes governing lineage differentiation in livestock species. Furthermore, conceptus elongation has not been recapitulated , hindering the study of these cellular events. Luckily, recent advances on transcriptomics, genome modification and post-hatching culture are shedding light into this largely unknown developmental window, uncovering possible molecular markers to determine embryo quality. In this review, we summarize the events occurring during ungulate pre-implantation development, highlighting recent findings which reveal that several dogmas in Developmental Biology established by knock-out murine models do not hold true for other mammals, including humans and farm animals. The developmental failures associated to produced embryos in farm animals are also discussed together with Developmental Biology tools to assess embryo quality, including molecular markers to assess proper lineage commitment and a post-hatching culture system able to directly determine developmental potential circumventing the need of experimental animals.
PubMed: 34212020
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.680539 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jun 2011The alveolar cleft in patients with clefts of lip, alveolus and palate (CLAP) is usually reconstructed with an autologous bone graft. Harvesting of autologous bone... (Review)
Review
Reconstruction of the alveolar cleft: can growth factor-aided tissue engineering replace autologous bone grafting? A literature review and systematic review of results obtained with bone morphogenetic protein-2.
The alveolar cleft in patients with clefts of lip, alveolus and palate (CLAP) is usually reconstructed with an autologous bone graft. Harvesting of autologous bone grafts is associated with more or less donor site morbidity. Donor site morbidity could be eliminated if bone is fabricated by growth factor-aided tissue engineering. The objective of this review was to provide an oversight on the current state of the art in growth factor-aided tissue engineering with regard to reconstruction of the alveolar cleft in CLAP. Medline, Embase and Central databases were searched for articles on bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), bone morphogenetic protein 7, transforming growth factor beta, platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-rich plasma for the reconstruction of the alveolar cleft in CLAP. Two-hundred ninety-one unique search results were found. Three articles met our selection criteria. These three selected articles compared BMP-2-aided bone tissue engineering with iliac crest bone grafting by clinical and radiographic examinations. Bone quantity appeared comparable between the two methods in patients treated during the stage of mixed dentition, whereas bone quantity appeared superior in the BMP-2 group in skeletally mature patients. Favourable results with BMP-2-aided bone tissue engineering have been reported for the reconstruction of the alveolar cleft in CLAP. More studies are necessary to assess the quality of bone. Advantages are shortening of the operation time, absence of donor site morbidity, shorter hospital stay and reduction of overall cost.
Topics: Alveolar Process; Alveoloplasty; Bone Density; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Bone Transplantation; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Collagen Type I; Humans; Mesoderm; Osteogenesis; Recombinant Proteins; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Transforming Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 21465220
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0547-6 -
World Journal of Stem Cells Nov 2019Mesenchymal stem cells are pluripotent cells that have the ability to generate cells from a cell line or in other cell types from different tissues but from the same...
BACKGROUND
Mesenchymal stem cells are pluripotent cells that have the ability to generate cells from a cell line or in other cell types from different tissues but from the same origin. Although those cells have more limited differentiation capacity than embryonic stem cells, they are easily obtained from somatic tissue and can be grown in large quantities. This characteristic of undifferentiated stem cells differentiating into different cell lines arouses strategies in regenerative medicine for the treatment of different diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases.
AIM
To evaluate the cell differentiation capacity of human breastmilk stem cells for the three germ layers by a systematic review.
METHODS
The searched databases were PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, and COCHRANE LIBRARY, published between 2007 and 2018 in the English language. All were studies for analysis of the "cell differentiation potential" in the literature using the keywords "human breastmilk," "stem cells," and keywords combined with the Boolean operator "NOT" were used to exclude those articles that had the word "CANCER" and their respective synonyms, which were previously consulted according to medical subject heading terms. PRISMA 2009 guidelines were followed in this study.
RESULTS
A total of 315 titles and abstracts of articles were examined. From these, 21 were in common with more than one database, leaving 294 articles for analysis. Of that total, five publications met the inclusion criteria. When analyzing the publications, it was demonstrated that human breastmilk stem cells have a high cellular plasticity, exhibiting the ability to generate cells of all three germ layers, endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm, demonstrating their stemness. Those cells expressed the genes, TRA-1-60/81, octamer-binding transcription factor 4, and NANOG, of which NANOG, a critical regulator for self-renewal and maintenance, was the most highly expressed. Those cells have the ability to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons as well hepatocytes, β-pancreatic cells, and cardiomyocytes.
CONCLUSION
Although the literature has been scarce, the pluripotentiality of these cells represents great potential for tissue engineering and cellular therapy. Further studies for safe clinical translation are needed.
PubMed: 31768226
DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i11.1005 -
Head and Neck Pathology Dec 2020The microenvironment of oral cancer is highly dynamic and has been proved to affect tumor progression. Pericytes are blood vessels surrounding cells that have recently...
The microenvironment of oral cancer is highly dynamic and has been proved to affect tumor progression. Pericytes are blood vessels surrounding cells that have recently gained attention for their roles in vascular and cancer biology. The objective of the present study was to survey the scientific literature for conclusive evidence about whether pericytes are part of blood vessels in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and their roles in the tumor microenvironment and clinical outcomes. A systematic electronic search was undertaken in Medline Ovid, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Eligibility criteria were: publications adopting in vivo models of OSCC that included pericyte detection and assessment by pericyte markers (e.g., α-smooth muscle actin, neuron-glial antigen 2 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β). The search yielded seven eligible studies (from 2008 to 2018). The markers most commonly used for pericyte detection were α-smooth muscle actin and neuron-glial antigen 2. The studies reviewed showed the presence of immature vessels exhibiting a reduction of pericyte coverage in OSCC and indicated that anti-cancer therapies could contribute to vessel normalization and pericyte regain. The pericyte population is significantly affected during OSCC development and cancer therapy. While these findings might suggest a role for pericytes in OSCC progression, the limited data available do not allow us to conclude whether they modify the tumor microenvironment and clinical outcome.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Pericytes; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 32506378
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01188-2 -
Veterinary World Dec 2021Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have previously been isolated from animals' testes, cultured , and successfully transplanted into compatible recipients. The SSC unique...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have previously been isolated from animals' testes, cultured , and successfully transplanted into compatible recipients. The SSC unique characteristic has potential for exploitation as a reproductive tool and this can be achieved through SSC intratesticular transplantation to surrogate sires. Here, we aimed at comprehensively analyzing published data on maintenance of SSC isolated from the testes of livestock animals and their applications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The literature search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar electronic databases. Data screening was conducted using Rayyan Intelligent Systematic Review software (https://www.rayyan.ai/). Duplicate papers were excluded from the study. Abstracts were read and relevant full papers were reviewed for data extraction.
RESULTS
From a total of 4786 full papers screened, data were extracted from 93 relevant papers. Of these, eight papers reported on long-term culture conditions (>1 month) for SSC in different livestock species, 22 papers on short-term cultures (5-15 days), 10 papers on transfection protocols, 18 papers on transplantation using different methods of preparation of livestock recipients, and five papers on donor-derived spermatogenesis.
CONCLUSION
Optimization of SSC long-term culture systems has renewed the possibilities of utilization of these cells in gene-editing technologies to develop transgenic animals. Further, the development of genetically deficient recipients in the endogenous germline layer lends to a future possibility for the utilization of germ cell transplantation in livestock systems.
PubMed: 35153418
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.3235-3248