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JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical... Nov 2021Tobacco and its various forms cause major oral health problems. Tobacco either in smoked or smokeless forms is prevalent in Nepal and counts as a risk factor for the...
Tobacco and its various forms cause major oral health problems. Tobacco either in smoked or smokeless forms is prevalent in Nepal and counts as a risk factor for the causation of various red and white lesions, premalignant lesions, oral cancers, gingival and periodontal diseases. Tobacco in conjunction with other risk factors adds a potential threat to oral diseases and its timely control is a cure to those threats. This article focuses on tobacco and its forms affecting oral health and also focuses on its prevention and control from the ground to the National level.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Neoplasms; Oral Health; Nicotiana; Tobacco, Smokeless
PubMed: 35199764
DOI: 10.31729/jnma.6605 -
Journal of Oral Science Dec 2006Pyogenic granuloma is one of the inflammatory hyperplasias seen in the oral cavity. This term is a misnomer because the lesion is unrelated to infection and in reality... (Review)
Review
Pyogenic granuloma is one of the inflammatory hyperplasias seen in the oral cavity. This term is a misnomer because the lesion is unrelated to infection and in reality arises in response to various stimuli such as low-grade local irritation, traumatic injury or hormonal factors. It predominantly occurs in the second decade of life in young females, possibly because of the vascular effects of female hormones. Clinically, oral pyogenic granuloma is a smooth or lobulated exophytic lesion manifesting as small, red erythematous papules on a pedunculated or sometimes sessile base, which is usually hemorrhagic. The surface ranges from pink to red to purple, depending on the age of the lesion. Although excisional surgery is the treatment of choice for it, some other treatment protocols such as the use of Nd:YAG laser, flash lamp pulsed dye laser, cryosurgery, intralesional injection of ethanol or corticosteroid and sodium tetradecyl sulfate sclerotherapy have been proposed. Because of the high frequency of pyogenic granuloma in the oral cavity, especially during pregnancy, and necessity for proper diagnosis and treatment, a complete review of published information and investigations about this lesion, in addition to knowledge about new approaches for its treatment is presented.
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Diagnosis, Differential; Facial Injuries; Female; Gingival Diseases; Gingival Neoplasms; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Granuloma, Pyogenic; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 17220613
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.48.167 -
Head and Neck Pathology Jun 2023Gingival fibromas (GFs) are fibrous lesions of the gingiva that are not well defined in the literature. They are histologically similar to peripheral ossifying fibromas...
PURPOSE
Gingival fibromas (GFs) are fibrous lesions of the gingiva that are not well defined in the literature. They are histologically similar to peripheral ossifying fibromas (POFs), both being characterized as cellular proliferations of dense fibrous tissue, with POFs differing in that they demonstrate foci of calcification. This study aims to expand upon the immunohistochemical characterization of GFs, and to confirm their osteoblastic phenotype.
METHODS
Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded GFs, POFs and fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs) of the gingiva were examined. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2 (SATB2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Sections were evaluated by light microscopy and the immunohistochemical staining patterns were assigned immunoreactive scores (IRS) based on percentage of stained cells and intensity of staining.
RESULTS
GFs, POFs, and FEPs of the gingiva expressed osteoblastic markers SATB2, RUNX2 and osteocalcin. GFs and POFs expressed αSMA while FEPs of the gingiva did not. GFs and POFs had similar staining patterns of SATB2, RUNX2 and αSMA.
DISCUSSION
These findings demonstrate that GFs and POFs exhibit a similar immunohistochemical profile, and supports a theory that GFs are osteoblastic lesions possibly related to POFs.
Topics: Humans; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Osteocalcin; Immunohistochemistry; Fibroma, Ossifying; Gingival Neoplasms; Calcinosis
PubMed: 36472794
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01493-y -
The Ulster Medical Journal Jan 2023
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Ugeskrift For Laeger Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Female; Infant, Newborn; Gingival Neoplasms
PubMed: 38704712
DOI: 10.61409/V72024 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Jan 2014Congenital granular cell epulis is a rarely reported lesion of unknown histogenesis with a strong predilection for the maxillary alveolar ridge of newborn girls.... (Review)
Review
Congenital granular cell epulis is a rarely reported lesion of unknown histogenesis with a strong predilection for the maxillary alveolar ridge of newborn girls. Microscopically, it demonstrates nests of polygonal cells with granular cytoplasm, a prominent capillary network, and attenuated overlying squamous epithelium. The lesion lacks immunoreactivity for S-100, laminin, chromogranin, and most other markers except neuron-specific enolase and vimentin. Through careful observation of its unique clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features, this lesion can be distinguished from the more common adult granular cell tumor as well as other differential diagnoses.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Gingival Neoplasms; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Infant, Newborn; Male
PubMed: 24377822
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0306-RS -
Australian Dental Journal Jun 2010Gingival enlargements are a common clinical finding and most represent a reactive hyperplasia as a direct result of plaque related inflammatory gingival disease. These...
Gingival enlargements are a common clinical finding and most represent a reactive hyperplasia as a direct result of plaque related inflammatory gingival disease. These generally respond to conservative tissue management and attention to plaque control. However, a small group are distinct from these and whilst they also represent a reactive tissue response, this occurs at the level of the superficial fibres of the periodontal ligament. These epulides grow from under the free gingival margin and not as a result of a primary inflammatory gingival enlargement. This distinct aetiopathogenesis separates this group of lesions both in terms of their specific clinical presentation and behaviour and their propensity for recurrence if managed inadequately.
Topics: Dental Plaque; Diagnosis, Differential; Fibroma; Gingival Diseases; Gingival Hyperplasia; Gingival Hypertrophy; Gingival Neoplasms; Gingival Overgrowth; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Granuloma, Pyogenic; Humans
PubMed: 20553245
DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01199.x -
Matrix Biology Plus Dec 2022Tumour development and progression is dependent upon tumour cell interaction with the tissue stroma. Bioengineering the tumour-stroma microenvironment (TME) into 3D...
Tumour development and progression is dependent upon tumour cell interaction with the tissue stroma. Bioengineering the tumour-stroma microenvironment (TME) into 3D biomimetic models is crucial to gain insight into tumour cell development and progression pathways and identify therapeutic targets. Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally aggressive epithelial odontogenic neoplasm that mainly occurs in the jawbone and can cause significant morbidity and sometimes death. The molecular mechanisms for ameloblastoma progression are poorly understood. A spatial model recapitulating the tumour and stroma was engineered to show that without a relevant stromal population, tumour invasion is quantitatively decreased. Where a relevant stroma was engineered in dense collagen populated by gingival fibroblasts, enhanced receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression was observed and histopathological properties, including ameloblastoma tumour islands, developed and were quantified. Using human osteoblasts (bone stroma) further enhanced the biomimicry of ameloblastoma histopathological phenotypes. This work demonstrates the importance of the two key stromal populations, osteoblasts, and gingival fibroblasts, for accurate 3D biomimetic ameloblastoma modelling.
PubMed: 36452176
DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100125 -
BMJ Case Reports Jul 2012Congenital epulis is a rare, soft-tissue benign condition that presents at birth. It arises from the alveolar mucosa and occurs more frequently in the maxilla, mainly in...
Congenital epulis is a rare, soft-tissue benign condition that presents at birth. It arises from the alveolar mucosa and occurs more frequently in the maxilla, mainly in the frontal region. This condition may interfere with respiration, feeding or lip closure. Surgical excision is the only possible treatment, although spontaneous regression has been reported. This article presents the case of a female infant with a solid ovoid mass protruding from the oral cavity. Treatment of this lesion was surgical, and histopathological examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis of congenital epulis. Postsurgical follow-up was without complications; examination of the infant 5 months later has revealed only mild left frontal alveolar ridge hypoplasia without any sign of recurrence.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gingival Neoplasms; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Oral Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 22778448
DOI: 10.1136/bcr.01.2012.5483 -
Head and Neck Pathology Sep 2021Gingival growths, barring a few are mostly reactive and seldom exhibit significant true neoplastic potential. The common etiology is local irritation from dental...
Gingival growths, barring a few are mostly reactive and seldom exhibit significant true neoplastic potential. The common etiology is local irritation from dental plaque/calculus, trauma as well as medication-related overgrowth. Such lesions are easily distinguishable and categorized into diagnoses such as pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, etc. We present a previously undescribed, but commonly encountered, reactive gingival growth with unique histologic features and suggest the diagnostic term "gingival fibroma." An IRB approved retrospective review of the University of Florida Oral Pathology Biopsy Service encompassing years 2010-2019, was performed to select cases. Demographics, clinical data, and microscopic diagnoses were recorded and analyzed. Four board-certified oral and maxillofacial pathologists agreed upon and established the diagnostic criteria. These are: a prominent fibromyxoid stroma, variable cellularity, a whorled or storiform pattern of arrangement of the cellular elements, lack of significant inflammation or vascularity, and complete absence of calcification, and/or odontogenic islands. A total of 60 cases met all criteria and were included in the study. Age range in years was 14-87 with the mean at 45.11 years. A striking female predilection (90%) was noted. Approximately 62% of cases were reported on the maxillary gingiva, followed by 38.3% in the mandibular gingiva. Majority, 66.7% were in the anterior incisor region followed by 11.7% in the canine/first premolar areas. All lesions were submitted as excisional biopsy, and 4 cases recurred within 2-3 years of excision. In all cases, lesional tissue appeared to extend to the surgical base of the specimen. We present 60 cases of a histologically unique entity occurring exclusively on the gingiva and introduce the diagnostic term "Gingival Fibroma" for these lesions. Further studies with adequate clinical follow-up may help understand the exact clinical behavior of these lesions.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Fibroma; Gingival Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 33686583
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01315-7