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Drug Resistance Updates : Reviews and... Sep 2016The genus Burkholderia comprises metabolically diverse and adaptable Gram-negative bacteria, which thrive in often adversarial environments. A few members of the genus... (Review)
Review
The genus Burkholderia comprises metabolically diverse and adaptable Gram-negative bacteria, which thrive in often adversarial environments. A few members of the genus are prominent opportunistic pathogens. These include Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei of the B. pseudomallei complex, which cause glanders and melioidosis, respectively. Burkholderia cenocepacia, Burkholderia multivorans, and Burkholderia vietnamiensis belong to the Burkholderia cepacia complex and affect mostly cystic fibrosis patients. Infections caused by these bacteria are difficult to treat because of significant antibiotic resistance. The first line of defense against antimicrobials in Burkholderia species is the outer membrane penetration barrier. Most Burkholderia contain a modified lipopolysaccharide that causes intrinsic polymyxin resistance. Contributing to reduced drug penetration are restrictive porin proteins. Efflux pumps of the resistance nodulation cell division family are major players in Burkholderia multidrug resistance. Third and fourth generation β-lactam antibiotics are seminal for treatment of Burkholderia infections, but therapeutic efficacy is compromised by expression of several β-lactamases and ceftazidime target mutations. Altered DNA gyrase and dihydrofolate reductase targets cause fluoroquinolone and trimethoprim resistance, respectively. Although antibiotic resistance hampers therapy of Burkholderia infections, the characterization of resistance mechanisms lags behind other non-enteric Gram-negative pathogens, especially ESKAPE bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Burkholderia; Burkholderia Infections; Burkholderia mallei; Burkholderia pseudomallei; DNA Gyrase; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, MDR; Glanders; Horses; Humans; Melioidosis; Porins; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase
PubMed: 27620956
DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.07.003 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023
PubMed: 37901106
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1303556 -
Cells Dec 2020The genus includes a wide range of Gram-negative bacterial species some of which are pathogenic to humans and other vertebrates. The most pathogenic species are , , and... (Review)
Review
The genus includes a wide range of Gram-negative bacterial species some of which are pathogenic to humans and other vertebrates. The most pathogenic species are , , and the members of the complex (Bcc). and , the cause of glanders and melioidosis, respectively, are considered potential bioweapons. The Bcc comprises a subset of species associated with respiratory infections in people with chronic granulomatous disease and cystic fibrosis. Antimicrobial treatment of infections is difficult due to the intrinsic multidrug antibiotic resistance of these bacteria; prophylactic vaccines provide an attractive alternative to counteract these infections. Although commercial vaccines against infections are still unavailable, substantial progress has been made over recent years in the development of vaccines against and . This review critically discusses the current advances in vaccine development against , and the Bcc.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Vaccines; Burkholderia; Burkholderia Infections; Humans; Vaccines, Attenuated; Vaccines, DNA; Vaccines, Subunit
PubMed: 33322641
DOI: 10.3390/cells9122671 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022The One Health concept was initiated to promote the integration of human, animal, and environmental ecosystems into healthcare to ensure effective control and the... (Review)
Review
The One Health concept was initiated to promote the integration of human, animal, and environmental ecosystems into healthcare to ensure effective control and the sustainable governance of multifaceted health matters. Climate change, deforestation, and rigorous farming disrupt the environment, which serves as the natural habitat for many animals and microbes, increasing the likelihood of disease transmission between humans and animals. Melioidosis (neglected tropical diseases) and glanders are of humans and animals caused by the gram-negative bacteria and its close relative , respectively. In Malaysia, although melioidosis is endemic, it is not a notifiable disease. Hence, the true prevalence of melioidosis in Malaysia is unknown and varies in different regions of the country, with reported hotspots associated with agriculture-related activities. To date, no incidence of human glanders has been reported in Malaysia, although occupational exposure for equine handlers and veterinary professionals remains a concern. Additionally, antibiotics are widely used in the healthcare and veterinary sectors to treat or prevent and infections, leading to the emergence of resistance in . Lack of surveillance, research, assessment, and management of glanders and melioidosis is a major issue in Malaysia. Proper assessment systems and cross-discipline cooperation are vital to recognize and manage both diseases. Experts and practitioners from clinical and veterinary disciplines, environmentalists, law enforcement, policymakers, researchers, local communities, and other experts need to communicate, collaborate, and coordinate activities to fill the knowledge gap on glanders and melioidosis to reduce morbidity and mortality rates in the country. This review aims to define the organizational and functional characteristics of One Health surveillance approaches for glanders and melioidosis from a Malaysian perspective.
PubMed: 36590813
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1056723 -
The Journal of Comparative Medicine and... Oct 1883
PubMed: 36390467
DOI: No ID Found -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Dec 2022Glanders is an infectious disease that causes serious damage to the equine production chain in countries where it occurs endemically and poses a risk to public health.... (Review)
Review
Glanders is an infectious disease that causes serious damage to the equine production chain in countries where it occurs endemically and poses a risk to public health. This study aimed to conduct an integrative review of the advances in the knowledge of glanders in Brazil over the last three decades since its re-emergence. Documentary research was conducted for the period between the years 2000 and 2022. SCOPUS and PUBMED databases were used to search for scientific articles, dissertations, and thesis, in addition to the Brazilian Digital Library of Thesis and Dissertations (BDTD). A total of 41 documents were retrieved, including 12 dissertations, five theses, and 24 scientific articles. The Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) group provided a noteworthy amount of material on this topic (25 documents, four theses, three dissertations, and 18 scientific articles). During this period, ten dissertations, one thesis, and six scientific articles published by other groups in other states of the Federation were also identified. It was concluded that there was a significant number of scientific publications with relevant data on the clinical, epidemiological, pathological, microbiological, serological, and molecular characteristics of glanders disease in Brazil. Additionally, training of human resources regarding this disease led to an increase in the nucleation of research groups, especially in the northeast region of Brazil. Despite significant advances, new research groups and specific funding are still needed for the development of more accurate diagnostic methods, immunizing production, training of veterinarians to recognize the disease, and more robust programs to control and eradicate the disease in Brazil.
Topics: Animals; Horses; Humans; Glanders; Brazil; Bibliometrics
PubMed: 36044120
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00814-1 -
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy Dec 2019: Two important pathogenic species within the genus , namely () and (), are the causative agents of the life-threatening diseases melioidosis and glanders,... (Review)
Review
: Two important pathogenic species within the genus , namely () and (), are the causative agents of the life-threatening diseases melioidosis and glanders, respectively. Due to their high mortality rate and potential for aerosolization, they have gained interest as potential biothreat agents and are classified as Tier 1 Select Agents.: The manuscript provides an overview of the literature covering the efforts taken in the last 10 years to develop new therapeutics measures against both and , with attention on novel therapeutic agents.: As a result of the complicated antibiotic regimens necessary to treat these infections, development of novel therapeutics is needed to treat both diseases. In recent years, the understanding of the pathogenesis of has improved significantly and so have the efforts to develop novel therapeutic agents with high efficacy, either alone, or in combination with conventional antibiotics.
Topics: Animals; Biological Products; Burkholderia mallei; Burkholderia pseudomallei; Glanders; Humans; Melioidosis
PubMed: 31590578
DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1677602