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Viruses Jul 2023This review is focused on the use of hyperimmune globulin therapy to treat some infectious diseases of viral or bacterial origin. Despite the introduction of antibiotics... (Review)
Review
This review is focused on the use of hyperimmune globulin therapy to treat some infectious diseases of viral or bacterial origin. Despite the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines, plasma immunoglobulin therapy from whole blood donation can still play a key role. These treatments provide passive transfer of high-titer antibodies that either reduces the risk or the severity of the infection and offer immediate but short-term protection against specific diseases. Antibody preparations derived from immunized human donors are commonly used for the prophylaxis and treatment of rabies, hepatitis A and B viruses, varicella-zoster virus, and pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus, , . The use of hyperimmune globulin therapy is a promising challenge, especially for the treatment of emerging viral infections for which there are no specific therapies or licensed vaccines.
Topics: Humans; Immunoglobulins; Globulins; Immunization, Passive; Vaccines; Communicable Diseases; Antibodies, Viral
PubMed: 37515229
DOI: 10.3390/v15071543 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022The main target of this work is to discover new protein fractions from natural resources with high antibacterial action. The 7S and 11S globulin fractions, as well as...
The main target of this work is to discover new protein fractions from natural resources with high antibacterial action. The 7S and 11S globulin fractions, as well as the basic subunit (BS), were isolated from lupine seeds (), chemically characterized, and screened for antibacterial activity against seven pathogenic bacteria. SDS-PAGE revealed molecular weights ranging from 55 to 75 kDa for 7S globulin, 20-37 kD for 11S globulin, and 20 kD for the BS. 11S globulin and the BS migrated faster on Urea-PAGE toward the cathode compared to 7S globulin. FTIR and NMR showed different spectral patterns between the 7S and 11S globulins but similar ones between 11S globulin and the BS. The MICs of the BS were in the range of 0.05-2 μg/mL against , , , , , , and compared to higher values for 11S globulin. The BS surpassed 11S globulin in antibacterial action, while 7S globulin showed no effect. The MICs of 11S globulin and the BS represented only 5% and 2.5% of the specific antibiotic against , respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated different signs of cellular deformation and decay in the protein-treated bacteria, probably due to interaction with the bacterial cell wall and membranes. 11S globulin and the BS can be nominated as effective food biopreservatives.
Topics: Lupinus; Globulins; Vegetables; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Seeds
PubMed: 36615230
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010035 -
Acta Crystallographica. Section F,... Sep 2022Chickpea is a crop that is known as a source of high-quality proteins. CL-AI, which belongs to the 11S globulin and cupin superfamily, was initially identified in...
Chickpea is a crop that is known as a source of high-quality proteins. CL-AI, which belongs to the 11S globulin and cupin superfamily, was initially identified in chickpea seeds. CL-AI has recently been shown to inhibit various types of α-amylases. To determine its molecular mechanism, the crystal structure of CL-AI was solved at a final resolution of 2.2 Å. Structural analysis indicated that each asymmetric unit contains three molecules with threefold symmetry and a head-to-tail association, and each molecule is divided into an α-chain and a β-chain. CL-AI has high structural similarity to other 11S globulins and canonical metal-dependent enzyme-related cupin proteins, whereas its stimilarity to α-amylase inhibitor from Phaseolus vulgaris is quite low. The structure presented here will provide insight into the function of CL-AI.
Topics: Cicer; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Globulins; Plant Proteins; Seeds
PubMed: 36048082
DOI: 10.1107/S2053230X22007919 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Inflammation and liver function are associated with cognitive decline and dementia. Little is known about the serum albumin-to-globulin ratio on cognitive function.
Non-linear relationship of serum albumin-to-globulin ratio and cognitive function in American older people: a cross-sectional national health and nutrition examination survey 2011-2014 (NHANES) study.
BACKGROUND
Inflammation and liver function are associated with cognitive decline and dementia. Little is known about the serum albumin-to-globulin ratio on cognitive function.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between albumin-to-globulin ratio and cognitive function among the American older people.
METHODS
The public data available on the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014 was used for this cross-sectional study. Participants aged ≥60 years completed the cognitive function assessments, including word learning and recall modules from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), the animal fluency (AF) test, and the digit symbol substitution test (DSST). A composite cognition score was calculated to evaluate global cognition. The univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis, curve fitting, a threshold effect, along with a subgroup analysis and interaction tests were conducted.
RESULTS
Serum albumin-to-globulin ratio (per 0.1 unit) was positively associated DSST score (β = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.51), AF score (β = 0.1, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.16) and global cognition score (β = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.07), after being fully adjusted, while albumin-to-globulin ratio was not related to CERAD score (β = 0.05, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.12). A non-linear was observed in the dose-response relationship between albumin-to-globulin ratio and global cognition ( for non-linearity < 0.001). The subgroup analysis was overall stable, yet the interaction test was significant for age on global cognition ( for interaction = 0.036).
CONCLUSION
The findings of this cross-sectional study suggested a positive and non-linear association between albumin-to-globulin ratio and cognitive function in the American older people. Maintaining albumin-to-globulin ratio with an appropriate range may be one of the therapeutic strategies to limit the progression of cognitive decline for the older people.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Female; Nutrition Surveys; Aged; Cognition; United States; Middle Aged; Serum Albumin; Cognitive Dysfunction; Aged, 80 and over; Serum Globulins; Globulins
PubMed: 38737864
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1375379 -
British Medical Journal Jun 1956
Topics: Globulins; Serum Globulins; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
PubMed: 13316192
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine May 1966The serological characteristics of gammaA-anti-A and anti-B were studied using, as a source, either colostrum, or fractions relatively rich in gammaA obtained from...
The serological characteristics of gammaA-anti-A and anti-B were studied using, as a source, either colostrum, or fractions relatively rich in gammaA obtained from selected potent antisera. gammaA-anti-A and anti-B were never hemolytic nor did they sensitize red cells to agglutination by anticomplement globulin sera. gammaA-anti-A, like gammaG-anti-A and unlike gammaM-anti-A was unaffected by heating at 56 degrees C for 3 hr. On the other hand in the following three characteristics the behavior of gammaA fell between that of gammaG- or gammaM-anti-A: sensitivity to inactivation by 2-mercaptoethanol, ease of neutralization by A substance and degree of enhancement of agglutination in a medium of serum rather than saline. The agglutination produced by gammaA-anti-A was regularly enhanced by addition of anti-gammaA-globulin serum. In searching for gammaA-blood group antibodies of other specificities the following sera were tested: anti-D (32 examples); anti-c (2 examples); anti-Le(a) or -Le(b) (3 examples); anti-K (3 examples); anti-Fy(a) (3 examples), and anti-Jk(a) (3 examples). Only 3 sera, all containing anti-D, sensitized red cells to agglutination by anti-gammaA. There were no discrepancies between results obtained with four different anti-gammaA-globulin sera. Approximately half the sera were fractionated on DEAE-cellulose, and the fractions rich in gammaA tested for their ability to sensitize red cells to agglutination by anti-gammaA; no additional examples of gammaA-antibodies were detected. One of the three examples of gammaA-anti-D appeared in the serum of a woman during the course of deliberate reimmunization. gammaA-anti-D appeared only after three intravenous injections of red cells although the gammaG-anti-D titer rose considerably after a single injection. 3 yr after a fourth injection of Rh-positive cells gammaA-anti-D, as well as gammaG-anti-D, was still present in the serum.
Topics: Blood Group Antigens; Humans; Isoantibodies; gamma-Globulins
PubMed: 4161013
DOI: 10.1084/jem.123.5.951 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2019The effects of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE, 200 W, 20 min) on the yield and physicochemical properties of different walnut proteins (WNPs, including albumin,...
The effects of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE, 200 W, 20 min) on the yield and physicochemical properties of different walnut proteins (WNPs, including albumin, globulin, and glutelin) were investigated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis indicated that UAE could result in protein molecular fragmentation of albumin, but did not affect the major bands of globulin and glutelin. The CD spectra demonstrated that different WNPs obtained by UAE had different changes in their secondary structure. Under UAE, there was an increase in surface hydrophobicity () of albumin and gluten and no change in the fluorescence intensity, while decreases were observed in the and fluorescence intensity of globulin; and the contents of total and surface free sulfhydryl in albumin dramatically decreased. UAE reduced the size of the particles and the dimension of the microstructures in albumin and gluten, indicating that ultrasound could unfold protein aggregates. In addition, UAE increased the solubility, emulsifying activity (EA), foaming capacity (FC), and foam stability (FS) of the obtained proteins. The above results indicate that ultrasound extraction is a promising approach to improve the extraction yield and properties of walnut proteins.
Topics: Albumins; Chemical Fractionation; Circular Dichroism; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Globulins; Glutens; Juglans; Models, Molecular; Plant Proteins; Protein Structure, Secondary; Proteolysis; Ultrasonics
PubMed: 31766733
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234260 -
British Journal of Cancer Dec 1960
Topics: Globulins; Multiple Myeloma; Plasma Cells; Serum Globulins
PubMed: 13716152
DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1960.80 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2019The present work was carried out to determine the characteristics and antibacterial activity of 7S and 11S globulins isolated from cowpea seed ( (L.) Walp.). The...
The present work was carried out to determine the characteristics and antibacterial activity of 7S and 11S globulins isolated from cowpea seed ( (L.) Walp.). The molecular mass of 7S globulin was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE bands to be of about 132, 129 and 95 kDa corresponding the α, α and β subunits. The molecular mass of 11S globulin was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE bands to be existed between 28 and 52 kDa corresponding the basic and acidic subunits. The minimum inhibitory concentrations MICs of 7S and 11S globulins isolated from cowpea seed were determined against Gram positive bacteria viz: LMG 10470, FLB 12, ATCC 25923 and ATCC 19615, and Gram negative bacteria such as ATCC 43816, ATCC 26853, ATCC 25922 and ATCC 14028 using disc diffusion assay; they were showed to be in the range 10 to 200 µg/mL. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination of the protein-treated bacteria showed the antibacterial action of 11S globulin against and was manifested by signs of cellular deformation, partial and complete lysis of cell components. Adding 11S globulin at both concentrations 50 and 100 µg/g to minced meat showed considerable decreases in bacterial counts of viable bacteria, psychrotrophs and coliforms compared to controls during 15 days storage at 4 °C, reflecting a promising perspective to use such globulin as a meat bio-preservative.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Globulins; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Meat; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Seed Storage Proteins; Vigna
PubMed: 30893826
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061082 -
Bulletin of the World Health... 1959To obviate the foreign protein reactions experienced with the use of hyperimmune serum in rabies-exposed individuals, an attempt was made to produce a rabies antiserum...
To obviate the foreign protein reactions experienced with the use of hyperimmune serum in rabies-exposed individuals, an attempt was made to produce a rabies antiserum of human origin.Five doses of an inactivated rabies virus duck-egg vaccine were administered to 34 volunteers at 4-day intervals (i.e., on days 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16). An additional dose of chick-embryo attenuated virus vaccine-Flury HEP (high egg passage)-was given on the 46th day, followed by a final booster dose of duck-egg vaccine on the 288th day. Twenty-four days later, i.e., on the 312th day after the first dose, the participants were bled and the serum pooled and converted to gamma globulin.These volunteers, having no initial antibody, responded with variable titres, the pooled serum having a titre of 1: 100 against 50 LD(50) of rabies virus in neutralization tests and the gamma globulin prepared from this pool a titre of 1: 300.In five individuals inoculated with the antirabies gamma globulin, blood samples tested at intervals for residual antibody showed significant titres through 21 days.While the passive antibody levels resulting from the administration of a more potent immune horse serum were much higher than those achieved by the weaker human antirabies gamma globulin used, the decrease in titre was more gradual with the human globulin. With more booster inoculations in a larger group of human volunteers, it is believed that a human rabies immune gamma globulin could be produced which would be equal in effect to immune horse serum. The advantages of a human source of antibody in rabies prophylaxis are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Environment; Horses; Humans; Internationality; Rabies; Rabies Vaccines; Volunteers; gamma-Globulins
PubMed: 14403320
DOI: No ID Found