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Cureus May 2023Glomus tumors, which account for less than 2% of soft tissue tumors, are a rare benign soft tissue neoplasm. They originated from neuro-myo-arterial glomus tissue whose...
Glomus tumors, which account for less than 2% of soft tissue tumors, are a rare benign soft tissue neoplasm. They originated from neuro-myo-arterial glomus tissue whose primary function is regulation of the body temperature. This tissue is commonly located in the dermis or subcutis in the subungual region; however, it can be extracutaneous such as in bones, the genitourinary tract, the gastrointestinal tract, and the respiratory tract. Histologically, a glomus tumor is made of proliferating rounded or cuboidal epithelioid cells in a meshwork of blood vessels. Although a benign growth, they can rarely show malignant features with infiltration of surrounding tissue with the rapid multiplication of cells in which case it is labeled as a malignant glomus tumor. Pulmonary glomus tumors are extremely rare and most commonly occur in middle-aged men. They are mostly asymptomatic, but a small percentage of patients may present with hemoptysis and cough if there is large airway involvement. We present an interesting case of a middle-aged man presenting with cough and occasional hemoptysis, found to have an endobronchial nodular lesion, and subsequently diagnosed with a pulmonary glomus tumor.
PubMed: 37292573
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38684 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Sep 2008Glomus tumor is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm comprising less than 2% of soft tissue tumors. It is composed of cells resembling modified smooth muscle cells of the... (Review)
Review
Glomus tumor is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm comprising less than 2% of soft tissue tumors. It is composed of cells resembling modified smooth muscle cells of the normal glomus body. The glomus body, a thermoregulator, is a specialized form of arteriovenous anastomosis localized in dermal and precoccygeal soft tissue. Although glomus tumors are rare neoplasms, clinical misdiagnosis of many of these lesions as hemangiomas or venous malformations makes an accurate assessment of their actual prevalence difficult. A malignant counterpart of this lesion exists but is extremely rare.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Glomus Tumor; Humans; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 18788860
DOI: 10.5858/2008-132-1448-GT -
Nigerian Journal of Surgery : Official... 2020This case report describes glomus tumor of the stomach, a rare entity, which is a mesenchymal origin tumor. They are generally benign and account for nearly 1% of all...
This case report describes glomus tumor of the stomach, a rare entity, which is a mesenchymal origin tumor. They are generally benign and account for nearly 1% of all gastrointestinal (GI) soft-tissue tumors. They are almost impossible to diagnose preoperatively because of the lack of specific characteristics and are often mistaken for GI stromal tumors (GISTs). In our hospital setup, a female aged 24 years, presented with right lumbar abdominal pain which after a thorough workup leads to the preoperative diagnosis of GIST, and distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-y anastomosis was done. However, pathological and immunohistochemical findings done after the surgery were found consistent with the diagnosis of gastric glomus tumor. Discovered on GIST-1 (DOG-1) nonreactivity is considered for the diagnosis of glomus tumor which helps in excluding the diagnosis of GIST, which is positive for DOG-1. Hence, it was concluded that differential diagnosis on the basis of immunohistochemical findings can lead to an accurate preoperative diagnosis and further targeted surgical intervention.
PubMed: 33223817
DOI: 10.4103/njs.NJS_8_19 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2022Glomus tumors are uncommon, benign solitary tumors derived from the glomus apparatus. We report here a case of a malignant glomus tumor in an 8-year-old child presenting...
Glomus tumors are uncommon, benign solitary tumors derived from the glomus apparatus. We report here a case of a malignant glomus tumor in an 8-year-old child presenting as a multilocular ill-defined radiolucency of the mandible. The lesion microscopically showed sheets of round basophilic cells with high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, indistinct cell boundaries, nuclear hyperchromatism and nuclear pleomorphism. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for vimentin and smooth muscle actin.
PubMed: 35968168
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_444_21 -
Current Urology Oct 2016Glomus tumors are benign neoplasms commonly found in subungual regions of the extremities and rarely located in the penis. Misdiagnosis of glomus tumors is common;... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Glomus tumors are benign neoplasms commonly found in subungual regions of the extremities and rarely located in the penis. Misdiagnosis of glomus tumors is common; therefore, symptoms and clinical presentations should be reviewed.
OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of this review article is to emphasize the pathogenesis, pathology, clinical presentation, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment methods of glomus tumors in order to better identify and manage the condition.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Research was conducted using PubMed/Medline. The inclusion criteria required glomus tumor to be present on the penis.
RESULTS
Glomus tumors, which appear as symptomatic or asymptomatic lesions, are attributed to dispersion grouping of neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions in a particular area.
CONCLUSION
Differential diagnosis of glomus tumors includes hemangiomas, neurofibromatosis, epithelial lesions, and spindle-cell lesions. Physical examination and histological findings should be used for diagnosis. Treatment options can be either conservative or invasive, in which the patient undergoes surgical excision.
PubMed: 27867327
DOI: 10.1159/000442864 -
BMC Gastroenterology Apr 2022Gastric glomus tumor (GGT) is a rare neoplasm that is difficult to distinguish from other gastric submucosal tumors due to a lack of diagnostic experience. The goal of...
BACKGROUND
Gastric glomus tumor (GGT) is a rare neoplasm that is difficult to distinguish from other gastric submucosal tumors due to a lack of diagnostic experience. The goal of this study was to better understand GGT by looking at its clinicopathological features, computed tomography (CT) features, and differential diagnosis.
METHODS
The clinical data and CT findings of 21 pathologically confirmed GGT patients were examined. The clinical characteristics and CT findings of benign GGT were compared to gastric stromal tumors (GST) (n = 30) and heterotopic pancreas (n = 30).
RESULTS
The 21 cases included six males and fifteen females ranging in age from 42 to 64 years. The lesions were found in the gastric body in four cases and the antrum in seventeen. GGT was diagnosed as benign in 20 cases and malignant in one. In benign cases, the glomus cells were small, uniform, showed perivascular hemangiopericytoma‑like or solid nest‑like structures. Obvious mitotic figures were observed in the malignant case. SMA staining was positive in the tumor cells. A quasi-round or round solid mass protruded into the gastric cavity in 20 benign cases, with a clear and smooth edge. The long to short diameter ratio was 1.01 ± 0.15. All of the benign cases had obvious enhancement, with homogeneous enhancement in ten cases and heterogeneous enhancement in ten cases, as well as central filling enhancement in 12 cases. The ratio of CT value of lesion to abdominal aorta in arterial phase and venous phase were (0.41 ± 0.11) and (0.81 ± 0.20), which were significantly higher than GST and heterotopic pancreas. The irregular mass broke through the gastric wall and invaded liver with poorly defined boundary and internal necrosis, heterogeneous persistent moderate enhancement with thickening blood supply arteries was seen in one malignant case with a long diameter of 150 mm and a thick diameter of 30 mm.
CONCLUSIONS
CT enhancement usually shows persistent obvious enhancement, especially in arterial phase, which provides important value for the diagnosis. CT findings can help in the differential diagnosis of GGT and other submucosal tumors.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glomus Tumor; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreas; Retrospective Studies; Stomach Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35397495
DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02241-w -
Turk Patoloji Dergisi 2015Glomus tumors showing nuclear pleomorphism without any other malignant features have been defined as symplastic glomus tumors. This type of glomus tumor is rarely...
Glomus tumors showing nuclear pleomorphism without any other malignant features have been defined as symplastic glomus tumors. This type of glomus tumor is rarely encountered. Another case of symplastic glomus tumor is described in this study. A 37-year-old woman referred to the hospital with the complaint of a palpable tender nodule on the fourth finger tip of her left hand. The lesion had been present for about a year and aggravation of tenderness upon cold exposure was conspicuous. It was a 0.5 cm well circumscribed lesion with round to cuboidal epithelioid cells showing high grade nuclear pleomorphism. Nests of cells more uniform in shape and showing punched out nucleus representative of typical glomus tumor could also be observed. Immunohistochemical study showed expression of smooth muscle actin, caldesmon and vimentin. Ki-67 labeling index was undetectable. Investment of tumor cells was shown by type IV collagen. In contrast to its atypical cellular morphology, symplastic glomus tumor clinically behaves benign, and it is important to differentiate it from malignant glomus tumor as well as other primary or metastatic malignant tumors.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fingers; Glomus Tumor; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Neoplasm Grading; Predictive Value of Tests; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 26456968
DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2014.01247 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Apr 2019In this review, the importance of correct diagnosis of glomuvenous malformations (GVM) is emphasised, and different treatment modalities are discussed. GVM are simple... (Review)
Review
In this review, the importance of correct diagnosis of glomuvenous malformations (GVM) is emphasised, and different treatment modalities are discussed. GVM are simple venous malformations located in the skin and subcutis, and GVM has a characteristic blue to reddish cobblestone-like appearance with not fully compressible elements, which can be associated with pain on palpation. Clinically, GVM differ from blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome and common/familial cutaneo-mucosal venous malforma-tions in appearance, compressibility and in having a normal D-dimer concentration.
Topics: Glomus Tumor; Humans; Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 31036144
DOI: No ID Found -
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism... Jul 2021Oncogenic osteomalacia secondary to glomus tumor is extremely rare. Localization of causative tumors is critical as surgical resection can lead to a complete biochemical...
SUMMARY
Oncogenic osteomalacia secondary to glomus tumor is extremely rare. Localization of causative tumors is critical as surgical resection can lead to a complete biochemical and clinical cure. We present a case of oncogenic osteomalacia treated with resection of glomus tumor. A 39-year-old woman with a history of chronic sinusitis presented with chronic body ache and muscle weakness. Biochemical evaluation revealed elevated alkaline phosphatase hypophosphatemia, increased urinary phosphate excretion, low calcitriol, and FGF23 was unsuppressed suggestive of oncogenic osteomalacia. Diagnostic studies showed increase uptake in multiple bones. Localization with MRI of paranasal sinuses revealed a sinonasal mass with concurrent uptake in the same area on the octreotide scan. Surgical resection of the sinonasal mass was consistent with the glomus tumor. The patient improved both clinically and biochemically postoperatively. Along with the case of oncogenic osteomalacia secondary to a glomus tumor, we have also discussed in detail the recent development in the diagnosis and management of oncogenic osteomalacia.
LEARNING POINTS
Tumor-induced osteomalacia is a rare cause of osteomalacia caused by the secretion of FGF23 from mesenchymal tumors. Mesenchymal tumors causing TIO are often difficult to localize and treat. Resection of the tumor can result in complete resolution of biochemical and clinical manifestations in a very short span of time. Glomus tumor can lead to tumor induced osteomalacia and should be surgically treated.
PubMed: 34196273
DOI: 10.1530/EDM-20-0202 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Jan 2022Glomus tumors are rare and often benign vascular lesions that present classically in the subungual region of the hand. Nonetheless, presentations in atypical sites have...
INTRODUCTION
Glomus tumors are rare and often benign vascular lesions that present classically in the subungual region of the hand. Nonetheless, presentations in atypical sites have been reported over the years. However, the classic symptoms of typical glomus tumors are often absent in tumors of atypical sites.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present a case of an extradigital glomus tumor with a 3-year history of pain in the lateral aspect of the elbow.
DISCUSSION
The case we present took three years and multiple visits to different clinics and specialties to reach the final diagnosis and management. It often takes longer to diagnose Glomus tumors of atypical sites and presentations. The causes could be related to the rare incidence, the atypical presentation in site and symptoms, or the diagnostic methods.
CONCLUSION
This case report discusses the possible causes behind the diagnostic delay in extradigital glomus tumors, aiming to raise clinical awareness among primary health care physicians.
PubMed: 34953423
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106709