-
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jul 2023We examined how set-volume equated resistance training using either the back squat (SQ) or hip thrust (HT) affected hypertrophy and various strength outcomes.
PURPOSE
We examined how set-volume equated resistance training using either the back squat (SQ) or hip thrust (HT) affected hypertrophy and various strength outcomes.
METHODS
Untrained college-aged participants were randomized into HT or SQ groups. Surface electromyograms (sEMG) from the right gluteus maximus and medius muscles were obtained during the first training session. Participants completed nine weeks of supervised training (15-17 sessions), before and after which we assessed muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) via magnetic resonance imaging and strength via three-repetition maximum (3RM) testing and an isometric wall push test.
RESULTS
Glutei mCSA growth was similar across both groups. Estimates [(-) favors HT; (+) favors SQ] modestly favored the HT compared to SQ for lower [effect ± SE, -1.6 ± 2.1 cm], mid [-0.5± 1.7 cm], and upper [-0.5 ± 2.6 cm], but with appreciable variance. Gluteus medius+minimus [-1.8 ± 1.5 cm] and hamstrings [0.1 ± 0.6 cm] mCSA demonstrated little to no growth with small differences between groups. Thigh mCSA changes were greater in SQ for the quadriceps [3.6 ± 1.5 cm] and adductors [2.5 ± 0.7 cm]. Squat 3RM increases favored SQ [14 ± 2.5 kg] and hip thrust 3RM favored HT [-26 ± 5 kg]. 3RM deadlift [0 ± 2 kg] and wall push strength [-7 ± 13 N] similarly improved. All measured gluteal sites showed greater mean sEMG amplitudes during the first bout hip thrust versus squat set, but this did not consistently predict gluteal hypertrophy outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Nine weeks of squat versus hip thrust training elicited similar gluteal hypertrophy, greater thigh hypertrophy in SQ, strength increases that favored exercise allocation, and similar strength transfers to the deadlift and wall push.
PubMed: 37461495
DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.21.545949 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2021The present study investigated the activation of gluteal, thigh, and lower back muscles in different squat variations. Ten male competitive bodybuilders perform...
The present study investigated the activation of gluteal, thigh, and lower back muscles in different squat variations. Ten male competitive bodybuilders perform back-squat at full (full-BS) or parallel (parallel-BS) depth, using large feet-stance (sumo-BS), and enhancing the feet external rotation (external-rotated-sumo-BS) and front-squat (FS) at 80% 1-RM. The normalized surface electromyographic root-mean-square (sEMG RMS) amplitude of and was recorded during both the ascending and descending phase of each exercise. During the descending phase, greater sEMG RMS amplitude of and was found in FS vs. all other exercises ( < 0.05). Additionally, FS elicited more than all other exercises. During the ascending phase, both sumo-BS and external-rotated-sumo-BS showed greater and activation compared to all other exercises ( < 0.05). Moreover, activation was greater in FS compared to full-BS ( < 0.05). No between-exercise difference was found in and showed no between-exercise difference. FS needs more backward stabilization during the descending phase. Larger feet-stance increases thigh muscles activity, possibly because of their longer length. These findings show how bodybuilders uniquely recruit muscles when performing different squat variations.
Topics: Back Muscles; Electromyography; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Quadriceps Muscle; Resistance Training; Thigh
PubMed: 33477561
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020772 -
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology,... Aug 2021Recent advances in diagnostic imaging techniques and soft tissue endoscopy now allow for precise diagnosis and management of extra-articular hip pathology. The aim of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Recent advances in diagnostic imaging techniques and soft tissue endoscopy now allow for precise diagnosis and management of extra-articular hip pathology. The aim of this scoping review is to present an evidence-based update of the relevant literature focussing only on the pathoanatomy, clinical assessment and the diagnosis of pathology in the peritrochanteric space.
METHODS
A literature search was performed on PubMed to include articles which reported on the anatomy and diagnosis of greater trochanteric pain syndrome, trochanteric bursitis, gluteus medius tears and external snapping hip syndrome.
RESULTS
A total of 542 studies were identified, of which 49 articles were included for full text analysis for the scoping review. Peritrochanteric space pathology can be broadly classified into (1) greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS), (2) abductor tears and (3) external snapping hip syndrome. Anatomically, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata work in conjunction to abduct and internally rotate the hip. The anterolateral part of the gluteus medius tendon is more prone to tears due to a thin tendinous portion. Increased acetabular anteversion has also been shown to be associated with gluteal and trochanteric bursitis. In terms of clinical examination, tests which were found to be most useful for assisting in the diagnoses of lateral hip pain were the single-leg stance, resisted external derotation of the hip, hip lag sign and the Trendelenburg's test. Dynamic ultrasound along with guided injections and MRI scan do assist in differentiating the pathology and confirming the diagnosis in patients presenting with lateral hip pain. Finally, the assessment of baseline psychological impairment is essential in this group of patients to ensure outcomes are optimised.
CONCLUSION
Lateral hip pain used to be a poorly defined entity, but advances in imaging and interest in sports medicine have led to a better understanding of the pathology, presentation and management of this cohort of patients. A thorough appreciation of the anatomy of the abductor musculature, specific clinical signs and imaging findings will lead to an appropriate diagnosis being made and management plan instituted.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
IV.
Topics: Arthralgia; Hip; Hip Joint; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Tendons
PubMed: 33341914
DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06354-1 -
Journal of Physiotherapy Jan 2023In people with flexible flat foot, what is the effect of a comprehensive exercise program on navicular drop height and medial longitudinal arch angle compared with a... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
QUESTION
In people with flexible flat foot, what is the effect of a comprehensive exercise program on navicular drop height and medial longitudinal arch angle compared with a control regimen of brief active range of motion exercises?
DESIGN
Randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation, blinding of assessors and intention-to-treat analysis.
PARTICIPANTS
Fifty-two people with flexible flat foot.
INTERVENTION
The experimental group undertook 30-minute exercise sessions three times per week for 6 weeks. The exercises involved active dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, foot shortening exercises, gluteal muscle strengthening, and stretching. The control group performed active dorsiflexion and plantarflexion only for 6 weeks.
OUTCOME MEASURES
Navicular drop height and longitudinal arch angle.
RESULTS
Randomisation allocated 26 participants to each group. One participant from the experimental group and two from the control group did not complete the study. After 6 weeks, the participants in the experimental group improved their navicular drop height by 0.4 cm (95% CI 0.4 to 0.5) more than those in the control group. These participants also improved their longitudinal arch angle by 16 deg (95% CI 13 to 19) more than those in the control group.
CONCLUSION
In people with flexible flat foot, a comprehensive 6-week exercise program improved the navicular drop height and longitudinal arch angle more than active dorsiflexion and plantarflexion alone. This improved the cosmetic appearance of the foot and reduced progression towards more severe flat foot, which typically becomes symptomatic.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
CTRI/2021/07/034599.
Topics: Humans; Flatfoot; Foot; Exercise Therapy; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 36526555
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2022.11.011 -
International Journal of Sports... Feb 2013Dynamic neuromuscular (core) stability is necessary for optimal athletic performance and is not achieved purely by adequate strength of abdominals, spinal extensors,...
UNLABELLED
Dynamic neuromuscular (core) stability is necessary for optimal athletic performance and is not achieved purely by adequate strength of abdominals, spinal extensors, gluteals or any other musculature; rather, core stabilization is accomplished through precise coordination of these muscles and intra-abdominal pressure regulation by the central nervous system. Understanding developmental kinesiology provides a framework to appreciate the regional interdependence and the inter-linking of the skeleton, joints, musculature during movement and the importance of training both the dynamic and stabilizing function of muscles in the kinetic chain. The Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) approach provides functional tools to assess and activate the intrinsic spinal stabilizers in order to optimize the movement system for both pre-habilitation and rehabilitation of athletic injuries and performance.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
5.
PubMed: 23439921
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Neurology Jun 2018Comprehensive clinical characterization of congenital titinopathy to facilitate diagnosis and management of this important emerging disorder.
OBJECTIVE
Comprehensive clinical characterization of congenital titinopathy to facilitate diagnosis and management of this important emerging disorder.
METHODS
Using massively parallel sequencing we identified 30 patients from 27 families with 2 pathogenic nonsense, frameshift and/or splice site TTN mutations in trans. We then undertook a detailed analysis of the clinical, histopathological and imaging features of these patients.
RESULTS
All patients had prenatal or early onset hypotonia and/or congenital contractures. None had ophthalmoplegia. Scoliosis and respiratory insufficiency typically developed early and progressed rapidly, whereas limb weakness was often slowly progressive, and usually did not prevent independent walking. Cardiac involvement was present in 46% of patients. Relatives of 2 patients had dilated cardiomyopathy. Creatine kinase levels were normal to moderately elevated. Increased fiber size variation, internalized nuclei and cores were common histopathological abnormalities. Cap-like regions, whorled or ring fibers, and mitochondrial accumulations were also observed. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging showed gluteal, hamstring and calf muscle involvement. Western blot analysis showed a near-normal sized titin protein in all samples. The presence of 2 mutations predicted to impact both N2BA and N2B cardiac isoforms appeared to be associated with greatest risk of cardiac involvement. One-third of patients had 1 mutation predicted to impact exons present in fetal skeletal muscle, but not included within the mature skeletal muscle isoform transcript. This strongly suggests developmental isoforms are involved in the pathogenesis of this congenital/early onset disorder.
INTERPRETATION
This detailed clinical reference dataset will greatly facilitate diagnostic confirmation and management of patients, and has provided important insights into disease pathogenesis. Ann Neurol 2018;83:1105-1124.
Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Connectin; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Mutation; Phenotype; Protein Isoforms
PubMed: 29691892
DOI: 10.1002/ana.25241