Did you mean: glyphosate
-
RSC Advances Aug 2021Terahertz technology is receiving increasing attention for its use as an efficient non-destructive, non-contact and label-free optical method for qualitative and...
Terahertz technology is receiving increasing attention for its use as an efficient non-destructive, non-contact and label-free optical method for qualitative and quantitative detection. The aim of this study was to develop a chemical analysis methodology based on terahertz time-domain spectra that could be used to detect plant growth regulators, such as glyphosine, naphthaleneacetic acid, daminozide and gibberellic acid. The THz fingerprint spectra of these four PGRs were located in the 0.3-1.8 THz, with the peaks of glyphosine at 0.32, 0.49, 0.74, 0.87, 0.96, and 1.49 THz; daminozide at 0.33, 0.39, 0.55, 0.67, and 1.17 THz; gibberellic acid at 0.46, 0.58, 0.92, and 1.38 THz and naphthaleneacetic acid at 0.43, 0.57, 0.73, and 0.90 THz. The results showed that these four plant growth regulators exhibited numerous distinct spectral features in frequency-dependent absorption spectra, which demonstrated the qualitative capacity of terahertz time-domain. The origin of the observed terahertz absorption peaks of these four plant growth regulators was determined through density functional theory calculations and analysis of absorption spectra. Discriminant analysis method was used to evaluate the classification trends of the four plant growth regulators based on their THz absorbance spectra. Generally, this study provides a reference for the rapid detection of plant growth regulators in fruits and vegetables by using terahertz spectroscopy technology.
PubMed: 35478585
DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05222e -
Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. :... Dec 2011Class II major histocompatibility molecules are the primary susceptibility locus for many autoimmune disorders, including type 1 diabetes. Human DQ8 and I-A(g7), in the...
Class II major histocompatibility molecules are the primary susceptibility locus for many autoimmune disorders, including type 1 diabetes. Human DQ8 and I-A(g7), in the NOD mouse model of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes, confers diabetes risk by modulating presentation of specific islet peptides in the thymus and periphery. We used an in silico molecular docking program to screen a large "druglike" chemical library to define small molecules capable of occupying specific structural pockets along the I-A(g7) binding groove, with the objective of influencing presentation to T cells of the autoantigen insulin B chain peptide consisting of amino acids 9-23. In this study we show, using both murine and human cells, that small molecules can enhance or inhibit specific TCR signaling in the presence of cognate target peptides, based upon the structural pocket targeted. The influence of compounds on the TCR response was pocket dependent, with pocket 1 and 6 compounds inhibiting responses and molecules directed at pocket 9 enhancing responses to peptide. At nanomolar concentrations, the inhibitory molecules block the insulin B chain peptide consisting of amino acids 9-23, endogenous insulin, and islet-stimulated T cell responses. Glyphosine, a pocket 9 compound, enhances insulin peptide presentation to T cells at concentrations as low as 10 nM, upregulates IL-10 secretion, and prevents diabetes in NOD mice. These studies present a novel method for identifying small molecules capable of both stimulating and inhibiting T cell responses, with potentially therapeutic applications.
Topics: Alleles; Animals; Antigen Presentation; Autoantigens; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Glycine; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Humans; Insulin; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred NOD; Models, Molecular; Organophosphorus Compounds; Peptide Fragments; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Small Molecule Libraries; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 22043012
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100746