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International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2018The application of nanotechnology for the treatment of cancer is mostly based on early tumor detection and diagnosis by nanodevices capable of selective targeting and... (Review)
Review
The application of nanotechnology for the treatment of cancer is mostly based on early tumor detection and diagnosis by nanodevices capable of selective targeting and delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the specific tumor site. Due to the remarkable properties of gold nanoparticles, they have long been considered as a potential tool for diagnosis of various cancers and for drug delivery applications. These properties include high surface area to volume ratio, surface plasmon resonance, surface chemistry and multi-functionalization, facile synthesis, and stable nature. Moreover, the non-toxic and non-immunogenic nature of gold nanoparticles and the high permeability and retention effect provide additional benefits by enabling easy penetration and accumulation of drugs at the tumor sites. Various innovative approaches with gold nanoparticles are under development. In this review, we provide an overview of recent progress made in the application of gold nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer by tumor detection, drug delivery, imaging, photothermal and photodynamic therapy and their current limitations in terms of bioavailability and the fate of the nanoparticles.
Topics: Drug Carriers; Gold; Humans; Materials Testing; Metal Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Phototherapy
PubMed: 29986450
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071979 -
ACS Nano Apr 2023Plasmonic gold nanostructures are a prevalent tool in modern hypersensitive analytical techniques such as photoablation, bioimaging, and biosensing. Recent studies have...
Plasmonic gold nanostructures are a prevalent tool in modern hypersensitive analytical techniques such as photoablation, bioimaging, and biosensing. Recent studies have shown that gold nanostructures generate transient nanobubbles through localized heating and have been found in various biomedical applications. However, the current method of plasmonic nanoparticle cavitation events has several disadvantages, specifically including small metal nanostructures (≤10 nm) which lack size control, tuneability, and tissue localization by use of ultrashort pulses (ns, ps) and high-energy lasers which can result in tissue and cellular damage. This research investigates a method to immobilize sub-10 nm AuNPs (3.5 and 5 nm) onto a chemically modified thiol-rich surface of Qβ virus-like particles. These findings demonstrate that the multivalent display of sub-10 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) caused a profound and disproportionate increase in photocavitation by upward of 5-7-fold and significantly lowered the laser fluency by 4-fold when compared to individual sub-10 nm AuNPs. Furthermore, computational modeling showed that the cooling time of QβAuNP scaffolds is significantly extended than that of individual AuNPs, proving greater control of laser fluency and nanobubble generation as seen in the experimental data. Ultimately, these findings showed how QβAuNP composites are more effective at nanobubble generation than current methods of plasmonic nanoparticle cavitation.
Topics: Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Lasers; Nanostructures; Laser Therapy
PubMed: 36884260
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00638 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2018Medicine, food, and cosmetics represent the new promising applications for silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs). AgNPs are most commonly used in food and... (Review)
Review
Medicine, food, and cosmetics represent the new promising applications for silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs). AgNPs are most commonly used in food and cosmetics; conversely, the main applications of gold NPs (AuNPs) are in the medical field. Thus, in view of the risk of accidentally or non-intended uptake of NPs deriving from the use of cosmetics, drugs, and food, the study of NPs⁻cell interactions represents a key question that puzzles researchers in both the nanomedicine and nanotoxicology fields. The response of cells starts when the NPs bind to the cell surface or when they are internalized. The amount and modality of their uptake depend on many and diverse parameters, such as NPs and cell types. Here, we discuss the state of the art of the knowledge and the uncertainties regarding the biological consequences of AgNPs and AuNPs, focusing on NPs cell uptake, location, and translocation. Finally, a section will be dedicated to the most currently available methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of intracellular transport of metal NPs.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cosmetics; Endocytosis; Food; Gold; Humans; Lysosomes; Metal Nanoparticles; Models, Animal; Nanomedicine; Occupational Medicine; Particle Size; Silver
PubMed: 29702561
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051305 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2019Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. It is a highly regulated process as determined by the interplay between pro-angiogenic and... (Review)
Review
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. It is a highly regulated process as determined by the interplay between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. Under certain conditions the balance between angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors is altered, which results in a shift from physiological to pathological angiogenesis. Therefore, the goal of therapeutic targeting of angiogenic process is to normalize vasculature in target tissues by enhancing angiogenesis in disease conditions of reduced vascularity and blood flow, such as tissue ischemia, or alternatively to inhibit excessive and abnormal angiogenesis in disorders like cancer. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are special particles that are generated by nanotechnology and composed of an inorganic core containing gold which is encircled by an organic monolayer. The ability of AuNPs to alter vasculature has captured recent attention in medical literature as potential therapeutic agents for the management of pathologic angiogenesis. This review provides an overview of the effects of AuNPs on angiogenesis and the molecular mechanisms and biomedical applications associated with their effects. In addition, the main synthesis methods, physical properties, uptake mechanisms, and toxicity of AuNPs are briefly summarized.
Topics: Biomedical Technology; Drug Delivery Systems; Endocytosis; Gold; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Neovascularization, Pathologic
PubMed: 31571869
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S223941 -
Nanomedicine (London, England) Jan 2015Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a biomedical imaging modality that provides functional information regarding the cellular and molecular signatures of tissue by using... (Review)
Review
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a biomedical imaging modality that provides functional information regarding the cellular and molecular signatures of tissue by using endogenous and exogenous contrast agents. There has been tremendous effort devoted to the development of PA imaging agents, and gold nanoparticles as exogenous contrast agents have great potential for PA imaging due to their inherent and geometrically induced optical properties. The gold-based nanoparticles that are most commonly employed for PA imaging include spheres, rods, shells, prisms, cages, stars and vesicles. This article provides an overview of the current state of research in utilizing these gold nanomaterials for PA imaging of cancer, atherosclerotic plaques, brain function and image-guided therapy.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Gold; Metal Nanoparticles
PubMed: 25600972
DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.169 -
Theranostics 2020Due to their lower systemic toxicity, faster kidney clearance and higher tumor accumulation, ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (less than 10 nm in diameter) have been proved... (Review)
Review
Due to their lower systemic toxicity, faster kidney clearance and higher tumor accumulation, ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (less than 10 nm in diameter) have been proved to be promising in biomedical applications. However, their potential applications in cancer imaging and treatment have not been reviewed yet. This review summarizes the efforts to develop systems based on ultrasmall gold nanoparticles for use in cancer diagnosis and therapy. First, we describe the methods for controlling the size and surface functionalization of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles. Second, we review the research on ultrasmall gold nanoparticles in cancer imaging and treatment. Specifically, we focus on the applications of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles in tumor visualization and bioimaging in different fields such as magnetic resonance imaging, photoacoustic imaging, fluorescence imaging, and X-ray scatter imaging. We also highlight the applications of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles in tumor chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy and gene therapy.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Genetic Therapy; Gold; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Metal Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Optical Imaging; Photoacoustic Techniques; Photochemotherapy; Positron-Emission Tomography; Scattering, Radiation
PubMed: 32308760
DOI: 10.7150/thno.42471 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023Bacterial infections have become a fatal threat because of the abuse of antibiotics in the world. Various gold (Au)-based nanostructures have been extensively explored... (Review)
Review
Bacterial infections have become a fatal threat because of the abuse of antibiotics in the world. Various gold (Au)-based nanostructures have been extensively explored as antibacterial agents to combat bacterial infections based on their remarkable chemical and physical characteristics. Many Au-based nanostructures have been designed and their antibacterial activities and mechanisms have been further examined and demonstrated. In this review, we collected and summarized current developments of antibacterial agents of Au-based nanostructures, including Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), Au nanoclusters (AuNCs), Au nanorods (AuNRs), Au nanobipyramids (AuNBPs), and Au nanostars (AuNSs) according to their shapes, sizes, and surface modifications. The rational designs and antibacterial mechanisms of these Au-based nanostructures are further discussed. With the developments of Au-based nanostructures as novel antibacterial agents, we also provide perspectives, challenges, and opportunities for future practical clinical applications.
Topics: Humans; Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Nanostructures; Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 37373154
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210006 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with interesting optical properties have attracted much attention in recent years. The synthesis and plasmonic properties of AuNPs with a... (Review)
Review
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with interesting optical properties have attracted much attention in recent years. The synthesis and plasmonic properties of AuNPs with a controllable size and shape have been extensively investigated. Among these AuNPs, gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) exhibited unique optical and plasmonic properties due to their special triangular anisotropy. Indeed, AuNTs showed promising applications in optoelectronics, optical sensing, imaging and other fields. However, only few reviews about these applications have been reported. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed the synthesis and self-assembly of AuNTs and their applications in recent years. The preparation protocols of AuNTs are mainly categorized into chemical synthesis, biosynthesis and physical-stimulus-induced synthesis. The comparison between the advantages and disadvantages of various synthetic strategies are discussed. Furthermore, the specific surface modification of AuNTs and their self-assembly into different dimensional nano- or microstructures by various interparticle interactions are introduced. Based on the unique physical properties of AuNTs and their assemblies, the applications towards chemical biology and sensing were developed. Finally, the future development of AuNTs is prospected.
Topics: Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Diagnostic Imaging
PubMed: 36557899
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248766 -
Chemical Reviews Jul 2021Homogeneous gold catalysis has experienced extraordinary development since the dawn of this millennium. Oxidative gold catalysis is a vibrant and fertile subfield and... (Review)
Review
Homogeneous gold catalysis has experienced extraordinary development since the dawn of this millennium. Oxidative gold catalysis is a vibrant and fertile subfield and has over the years delivered a diverse array of versatile synthetic methods of exceptional value to synthetic practices. This review aims to cover this topic in a comprehensive manner. The discussions are organized by the mechanistic aspects of the metal oxidation states and further by the types of oxidants or oxidizing functional groups. Synthetic applications of oxidative gold catalysis are also discussed.
Topics: Catalysis; Gold; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 33591722
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00774 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2021
Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Auranofin; Biopharmaceutics; Chemistry, Bioinorganic; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Repositioning; Gold; Humans; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 33642495
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00179-F