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Scientific Reports Jan 2021Saliva has immense potential as a diagnostic fluid for identification and monitoring of several systemic diseases. Composition of the microbiome and inflammation has... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Observational Study
Saliva has immense potential as a diagnostic fluid for identification and monitoring of several systemic diseases. Composition of the microbiome and inflammation has been associated and reflective of oral and overall health. In addition, the relative ease of collection of saliva further strengthens large-scale diagnostic purposes. However, the future clinical utility of saliva cannot be fully determined without a detailed examination of daily fluctuations that may occur within the oral microbiome and inflammation due to circadian rhythm. In this study, we explored the association between the salivary microbiome and the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in the saliva of 12 healthy adults over a period of 24 h by studying the 16S rRNA gene followed by negative binomial mixed model regression analysis. To determine the periodicity and oscillation patterns of both the oral microbiome and inflammation (represented by the cytokine levels), two of the twelve subjects were studied for three consecutive days. Our results indicate that the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to Prevotella, SR1 and Ruminococcaceae are significantly associated to IL-1β while Prevotella and Granulicatella were associated with IL-8. Our findings have also revealed a periodicity of both the oral microbiome (OTUs) and inflammation (cytokine levels) with identifiable patterns between IL-1β and Prevotella, and IL-6 with Prevotella, Neisseria and Porphyromonas. We believe that this study represents the first measure and demonstration of simultaneous periodic fluctuations of cytokine levels and specific populations of the oral microbiome.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Circadian Rhythm; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Microbiota; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides
PubMed: 33514800
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81420-3 -
BMC Microbiology Nov 2022Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease of the respiratory system. It is still one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious disease, but it...
BACKGROUND
Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease of the respiratory system. It is still one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious disease, but it has been stuck in the study of a single pathogen. Recent studies have shown that many diseases are associated with disruption of the native microbiota. In this study we investigated the occurrence of tuberculosis and the correlation between drug resistance and respiratory flora. High-throughput 16 S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the respiratory microbiota composition of 30 tuberculosis (TB) affected patients and compared with 30 healthy (H) controls. According to their Gene Xpert results, 30 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were divided into 12 persons in the drug-sensitive group (DS0) and 18 persons in the drug-resistant group (DR0). The microbial flora of the two were compared with the H group.
RESULTS
The data generated by sequencing showed that Firmicutes, Proteus, Bacteroides, Actinomyces and Fusobacterium were the five main bacterial phyla detected, and they constituted more than 96% of the microbial community. The relative abundances of Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Porphyromonas, Neisseria, TM7, Spirochetes, SR1, and Tenericutes in the TB group was lower than that of the H group, and Granulicatella was higher than the H group. The PcoA diagrams of the two groups had obvious clustering differences. The Alpha diversity of the TB group was lower than that of the H group, and the Beta diversity was higher than that of the H group (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Streptococcus in the DS0 group was significantly higher than that in the DR0 group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Pulmonary tuberculosis can cause disorders of the respiratory tract microbial flora, in which the relative abundance of Streptococcus was significantly different between rifampicin-sensitive and rifampicin-resistant patients.
Topics: Humans; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Respiratory System; Fusobacterium; Microbiota
PubMed: 36447140
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02705-9 -
Journal of Laboratory Physicians Sep 2022, a nutritionally variant (NVS), is part of the normal commensal flora of human mouth, genital, and intestinal tracts and rarely causes disease. It has been mostly...
, a nutritionally variant (NVS), is part of the normal commensal flora of human mouth, genital, and intestinal tracts and rarely causes disease. It has been mostly reported from bacteremia and endocarditis cases, but rarely can cause vertebral osteomyelitis, pancreatic abscess, otitis media, and endovascular, central nervous system, ocular, oral, bone and joint, and genitourinary infections. Due to requirement of fastidious culture conditions and non-specific colony morphology, serious diagnostic difficulties may arise in cases of NVS infections. Here, we are reporting a rare fatal infection of presented with empyema complicated to sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. Clinicians should be aware of the pathogenic potential of (a normal commensal flora of human mouth, genital and intestinal tracts). Appropriate supplemented media and a reliable detection system should be used to identify these fastidious organisms. We present this rare case to bring awareness among clinicians regarding such a rare but potentially fatal infection.
PubMed: 36119420
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744236 -
BMC Pediatrics Apr 2013Granulicatella spp. is a fastidious bacteria responsible for bacteremia and endocarditis which are fatal in about 20% of the cases. These severe infections are uncommon... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Granulicatella spp. is a fastidious bacteria responsible for bacteremia and endocarditis which are fatal in about 20% of the cases. These severe infections are uncommon in children under 17 years of age and have proven extremely difficult to treat.
CASES PRESENTATION
We report a brief review of the literature and two cases of NVS bacteremia by Granulicatella complicated by infective endocarditis (IE). The first one is that of a 7-year-old Caucasian female with Shone syndrome and IE involving the pulmonary valve homograft, confirmed by echocardiography. The second case is that of a 5-year-old Caucasian male. In this patient echocardiogram was negative for signs of IE; however, a "possible" IE was suspected on the basis of a cardiac catheterization 3 weeks before the onset of fever. Since in both our patients clinical failure of first line antibiotic treatment was observed, we used a combination of meropenem with another anti-streptococcal drug with excellent results.
CONCLUSION
In Granulicatella bacteremia in the pediatric population, combination antimicrobial therapy including meropenem should be considered as a second line treatment in non-responding patients.
Topics: Bacteremia; Carnobacteriaceae; Child; Child, Preschool; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male
PubMed: 23607627
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-61 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jun 2017Bone and joint infection involving Granulicatella adiacens is rare, and mainly involved in cases of bacteremia and infectious endocarditis. Here we report three cases of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bone and joint infection involving Granulicatella adiacens is rare, and mainly involved in cases of bacteremia and infectious endocarditis. Here we report three cases of prosthetic joint infection involving G. adiacens that were successfully treated with surgery and prolonged antimicrobial treatment. We also review the two cases of prosthetic joint infection involving G. adiacens that are reported in the literature.
CASE PRESENTATION
Not all five cases of prosthetic joint infection caused by G. adiacens were associated with bacteremia or infectious endocarditis. Dental care before the onset of infection was observed in two cases. The median time delay between arthroplasty implantation and the onset of infection was of 4 years (ranging between 2 and 10 years). One of our cases was identified with 16srRNA gene sequencing, one case with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and one case with both techniques. Two literature cases were diagnosed by 16srRNA gene sequencing. All five cases were cured after surgery including a two-stage prosthesis exchange in three cases, a one-stage prosthesis exchange in one case, and debridement, antibiotics, irrigation, and retention of the prosthesis in one case, and prolonged antimicrobial treatment.
CONCLUSION
Prosthetic joint infection involving G. adiacens is probably often dismissed due to difficult culture or misdiagnosis, in particular in the cases of polymicrobial infection. Debridement, antibiotics, irrigation, and retention of the prosthesis associated with prolonged antimicrobial treatment (≥ 8 weeks) should be considered as a treatment strategy for prosthetic joint infection involving G. adiacens.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carnobacteriaceae; Female; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Knee Prosthesis; Male; Middle Aged; Prosthesis-Related Infections
PubMed: 28645272
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1630-1 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2019and are an increasingly recognized cause of osteoarticular infections. We describe two cases of and one case of native vertebral osteomyelitis (NVO) and review all...
and are an increasingly recognized cause of osteoarticular infections. We describe two cases of and one case of native vertebral osteomyelitis (NVO) and review all published cases. Nine cases of NVO and two cases of NVO were previously described. Patients were usually middle-aged men, and classical risk factors for NVO were present in half of the cases. Concomitant bacteremia was reported in 78.6% of cases, and concurrent infective endocarditis occurred in 36.4% of this sub-group of patients. Many different antibiotic schemes were recorded, with median treatment duration of 6 weeks. In the most recent reports, glycopeptides represented the most frequent empirical therapy, possibly due to the increasing emergence of and penicillin-resistant strains. Stabilization surgery was rarely required (14.3% of cases), and clinical cure was generally achieved. In conclusion, . and . NVO is rare but increasingly described. A total antibiotic course of six weeks seems to be appropriate for noncomplicated cases, and clinical outcome is generally favorable.
PubMed: 31198612
DOI: 10.1155/2019/5038563 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2022Host determinants for formation/composition of human oral microbiota remain to be clarified, although microorganisms entering the mouth cannot necessarily colonize the...
Host determinants for formation/composition of human oral microbiota remain to be clarified, although microorganisms entering the mouth cannot necessarily colonize the oral environment. Here we show that human oral-abundant bacteria degraded host glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in saliva and gingiva, and certain bacteria significantly grew on hyaluronan (HA), a kind of GAGs. Microbial communities from teeth or gingiva of healthy donors assimilated HA. Metagenomic analysis of human oral microbiota under different carbon sources revealed HA-driven Granulicatella growth. HA-degrading bacterial strains independently isolated from teeth and gingiva were identified as Granulicatella adiacens producing extracellular 130 kDa polysaccharide lyase as a HA-degrading enzyme encoded in a peculiar GAG genetic cluster containing genes for isomerase KduI and dehydrogenase DhuD. These findings demonstrated that GAGs are one of the host determinants for formation/composition of oral microbiota not only for colonization but also for the adaptation to the host niche. Especially, HA enhanced the G. adiacens propagation.
Topics: Bacteria; Carnobacteriaceae; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Microbiota; Streptococcus
PubMed: 35768476
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14857-9 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jan 2006Abiotrophia and Granulicatella species, previously referred to as nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS), are significant causative agents of endocarditis and...
BACKGROUND
Abiotrophia and Granulicatella species, previously referred to as nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS), are significant causative agents of endocarditis and bacteraemia. In this study, we reviewed the clinical manifestations of infections due to A. defectiva and Granulicatella species that occurred at our institution between 1998 and 2004.
METHODS
The analysis included all strains of NVS that were isolated from blood cultures or vascular graft specimens. All strains were identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Patients' medical charts were reviewed for each case of infection.
RESULTS
Eleven strains of NVS were isolated during the 6-year period. Identification of the strains by 16S rRNA showed 2 genogroups: Abiotrophia defectiva (3) and Granulicatella adiacens (6) or "para-adiacens" (2). The three A. defectiva strains were isolated from immunocompetent patients with endovascular infections, whereas 7 of 8 Granulicatella spp. strains were isolated from immunosuppressed patients, mainly febrile neutropenic patients. We report the first case of "G. para-adiacens" bacteraemia in the setting of febrile neutropenia.
CONCLUSION
We propose that Granulicatella spp. be considered as a possible agent of bacteraemia in neutropenic patients.
Topics: Adult; Bacteremia; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Neutropenia; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Streptococcaceae
PubMed: 16426445
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-6-9 -
JHEP Reports : Innovation in Hepatology May 2022Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major complication after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and is primarily influenced by the gut microbiota. We...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major complication after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and is primarily influenced by the gut microbiota. We aimed to evaluate alterations in the microbiota after TIPS and the association between such alterations and HE.
METHODS
We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of 106 patients with cirrhosis receiving TIPS. Faecal samples were collected before and after TIPS, and the gut microbiota was analysed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.
RESULTS
Among all patients, 33 developed HE (HE+ group) within 6 months after TIPS and 73 did not (HE- group), and 18 died during follow-up. After TIPS, the autochthonous taxa increased, whereas the potential pathogenic taxa decreased in the HE- group, and the autochthonous taxon Lachnospiraceae decreased in the HE+ group. Furthermore, synergism among harmful bacteria was observed in all patients, which was weakened in the HE- group ( <0.001) but enhanced in the HE+ group ( <0.01) after TIPS. Variations of 5 autochthonous taxa, namely, , and , were negatively correlated with the severity of HE. Notably, increased abundances of and were protective factors against HE, and the incidences of HE in patients with improved, stable, and deteriorated microbiota after TIPS were 13.3, 25.9, and 68.2%, respectively. Higher total bilirubin level, Child-Pugh score, model for end-stage liver disease score, , and and lower before TIPS were the independent risk factors for death.
CONCLUSIONS
Alterations in gut dysbiosis were negatively related to the occurrence and severity of post-TIPS HE, and the pre-TIPS microbiota were associated with death, suggesting the gut microbiota could be a promising potential biological target for screening suitable patients receiving TIPS and prevention and treatment of post-TIPS HE.
LAY SUMMARY
Alterations in the gut microbiota after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and the relationship between such alterations and post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy (HE) remain unclear. We therefore performed this study and found that after TIPS, restoration of the gut microbiota, mainly characterised by expansion of autochthonous taxa, depletion of harmful taxa, and weakening of synergism among harmful bacteria, was inversely related to the occurrence and severity of post-TIPS HE.
PubMed: 35313729
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100448 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020In order to improve our understanding on the microbial complexity associated with Grade C/molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (GC/MIP), we surveyed the oral and fecal...
In order to improve our understanding on the microbial complexity associated with Grade C/molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (GC/MIP), we surveyed the oral and fecal microbiomes of GC/MIP and compared to non-affected individuals (Control). Seven Afro-descendants with GC/MIP and seven age/race/gender-matched controls were evaluated. Biofilms from supra/subgingival sites (OB) and feces were collected and submitted to sequencing. () JP2 clone genotyping and salivary nitrite levels were determined. Supragingival biofilm of GC/MIP presented greater abundance of opportunistic bacteria. was increased in subgingival healthy sites of GC/MIP compared to Control. and were more abundant whereas was reduced in OB of GC/MIP compared to controls. abundance was 50 times higher in periodontal sites with PD≥ 4 mm of GC/MIP than in controls. GC/MIP oral microbiome was characterized by a reduction in commensals such as , and and enrichment in periodontopathogens, especially and sulfate reducing . The oral microbiome of the JP2-like+ patient was phylogenetically distant from other GC/MIP individuals. GC/MIP presented a higher abundance of sulfidogenic bacteria in the feces, such as , and than controls. These preliminary data show that the dysbiosis of the microbiome in Afro-descendants with GC/MIP was not restricted to affected sites, but was also observed in supragingival and subgingival healthy sites, as well as in the feces. The understanding on differences of the microbiome between healthy and GC/MIP patients will help in developing strategies to improve and monitor periodontal treatment.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Desulfovibrio; Erysipelothrix; Feces; Humans; Incisor; Microbiota; Molar; Peptostreptococcus; Periodontitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 33117737
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.583761