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Annals of Botany Jul 2022
Uncovering the influence of genomic traits in shaping land plant diversity. A commentary on 'Are chromosome number and genome size associated with habit and environmental niche variables? Insights from the Neotropical orchids'.
Topics: Chromosomes; Embryophyta; Genome Size; Genomics; Habits; Orchidaceae
PubMed: 35699527
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac068 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Apr 2022Translating research evidence into clinical practice to improve care involves healthcare professionals adopting new behaviours and changing or stopping their existing...
RATIONALE
Translating research evidence into clinical practice to improve care involves healthcare professionals adopting new behaviours and changing or stopping their existing behaviours. However, changing healthcare professional behaviour can be difficult, particularly when it involves changing repetitive, ingrained ways of providing care. There is an increasing focus on understanding healthcare professional behaviour in terms of non-reflective processes, such as habits and routines, in addition to the more often studied deliberative processes. Theories of habit and routine provide two complementary lenses for understanding healthcare professional behaviour, although to date, each perspective has only been applied in isolation.
OBJECTIVES
To combine theories of habit and routine to generate a broader understanding of healthcare professional behaviour and how it might be changed.
METHODS
Sixteen experts met for a two-day multidisciplinary workshop on how to advance implementation science by developing greater understanding of non-reflective processes.
RESULTS
From a psychological perspective 'habit' is understood as a process that maintains ingrained behaviour through a learned link between contextual cues and behaviours that have become associated with those cues. Theories of habit are useful for understanding the individual's role in developing and maintaining specific ways of working. Theories of routine add to this perspective by describing how clinical practices are formed, adapted, reinforced and discontinued in and through interactions with colleagues, systems and organisational procedures. We suggest a selection of theory-based strategies to advance understanding of healthcare professionals' habits and routines and how to change them.
CONCLUSION
Combining theories of habit and routines has the potential to advance implementation science by providing a fuller understanding of the range of factors, operating at multiple levels of analysis, which can impact on the behaviours of healthcare professionals, and so quality of care provision.
Topics: Cues; Delivery of Health Care; Habits; Health Personnel; Humans; Quality of Health Care
PubMed: 35287065
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114840 -
Academic Pediatrics 2022This study identified developmental patterns of handwashing habit formation during childhood and examined their associations with later COVID-19 preventive practices.
OBJECTIVE
This study identified developmental patterns of handwashing habit formation during childhood and examined their associations with later COVID-19 preventive practices.
METHODS
We used data from the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study, which included 11,254 adolescents with complete data on childhood handwashing behavior and age-15 COVID-19 survey items. Bias-adjusted 3-step latent class analysis was used to test study hypotheses.
RESULTS
The rates of handwashing and mask-wearing during the pandemic were 63.8% and 93.8%, respectively. Five distinct patterns of handwashing habit formation were identified: early formation (14.89%), delayed formation (17.73%), gradual formation (42.98%), inconsistent formation (9.78%), and nonformation (14.62%). Compared with adolescents with an early formation pattern of handwashing habits, those with other patterns exhibited lower odds ratios (ORs) of handwashing during COVID-19; these ORs were 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-0.85), 0.60 (95% CI, 0.44-0.77), 0.29 (95% CI, 0.08-0.49), and 0.21 (95% CI, 0.01-0.40) for those with delayed formation, gradual formation, inconsistent formation, and nonformation patterns, respectively. Moreover, relative to that of adolescents with the early formation pattern, mask-wearing was less common among adolescents with gradual formation, inconsistent formation, and nonformation patterns, with ORs of 0.54 (95% CI, 0.16-0.92), 0.50 (95% CI, 0.03-0.96), and 0.26 (95% CI, 0.00-0.65), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The early formation of hygienic habits is associated with higher adherence to pandemic preventive practices among adolescents. Our findings suggest that interventions to promote hygienic behaviors can start as early as age 3 through the introduction of healthy habits such as handwashing.
Topics: Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Humans; Cohort Studies; COVID-19; Habits; Hand Disinfection
PubMed: 35863735
DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.05.014 -
Nutrients Feb 2022The most recent coronavirus outbreak is that of 2019 SARS-CoV-2, which causes the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) [...].
The most recent coronavirus outbreak is that of 2019 SARS-CoV-2, which causes the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) [...].
Topics: COVID-19; Disease Outbreaks; Habits; Humans; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35277052
DOI: 10.3390/nu14030693 -
Drug and Alcohol Dependence Apr 2022A hyper-engaged habit system may be common in alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Regarding drinking patterns, habit may be expressed as higher levels of drinking...
BACKGROUND
A hyper-engaged habit system may be common in alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Regarding drinking patterns, habit may be expressed as higher levels of drinking autoregression, where previous day drinking is correlated with next day drinking. This study utilized dynamic structural equation models (DSEM) with intensive longitudinal data to understand whether alcohol habit relates to drinking autoregression and variable levels of alcohol consumption.
METHODS
Participants were adult drinkers (N = 313) who completed baseline self-report assessments of past 30-day alcohol consumption and alcohol habit. Alcohol habit was measured by the Self Report Habit Index (SRHI). Thirty-day coding of the Timeline Followback assessed total daily drinking and any daily heavy drinking.
RESULTS
The DSEM model for daily drinking found a weak but significant autoregressive data structure. Alcohol habit was related to increased mean drinking but did not strengthen the autoregressive effect of drinks per day. Higher alcohol habit was associated with higher levels of drinks per day person-specific variability. This pattern was replicated with the DSEM model for heavy drinking. Alcohol habit did not impact the autoregressive effect of heavy drinking but was associated with higher levels of heavy drinking.
CONCLUSIONS
While both drinks per day and heavy drinking showed a significant autoregressive structure, evidence of alcohol habit did not strengthen this effect. Alcohol habit did impact drinking variability; higher alcohol habit is associated with greater levels of drinking variability and higher mean drinking. Strategies to regulate drinking variability, including heavier drinking occasions, could target AUD habit.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Ethanol; Habits; Humans; Latent Class Analysis
PubMed: 35151022
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109202 -
Journal of Anatomy May 2022The evolutionary history of archosaurs and their closest relatives is characterized by a wide diversity of locomotor modes, which has even been suggested as a pivotal...
The evolutionary history of archosaurs and their closest relatives is characterized by a wide diversity of locomotor modes, which has even been suggested as a pivotal aspect underlying the evolutionary success of dinosaurs vs. pseudosuchians across the Triassic-Jurassic transition. This locomotor diversity (e.g., more sprawling/erect; crouched/upright; quadrupedal/bipedal) led to several morphofunctional specializations of archosauriform limb bones that have been studied qualitatively as well as quantitatively through various linear morphometric studies. However, differences in locomotor habits have never been studied across the Triassic-Jurassic transition using 3D geometric morphometrics, which can relate how morphological features vary according to biological factors such as locomotor habit and body mass. Herein, we investigate morphological variation across a dataset of 72 femora from 36 different species of archosauriforms. First, we identify femoral head rotation, distal slope of the fourth trochanter, femoral curvature, and the angle between the lateral condyle and crista tibiofibularis as the main features varying between bipedal and quadrupedal taxa, all of these traits having a stronger locomotor signal than the lesser trochanter's proximal extent. We show a significant association between locomotor mode and phylogeny, but with the locomotor signal being stronger than the phylogenetic signal. This enables us to predict locomotor modes of some of the more ambiguous early archosauriforms without relying on the relationships between hindlimb and forelimb linear bone dimensions as in prior studies. Second, we highlight that the most important morphological variation is linked to the increase of body size, which impacts the width of the epiphyses and the roundness and proximodistal position of the fourth trochanter. Furthermore, we show that bipedal and quadrupedal archosauriforms have different allometric trajectories along the morphological variation in relation to body size. Finally, we demonstrate a covariation between locomotor mode and body size, with variations in femoral bowing (anteroposterior curvature) being more distinct among robust femora than gracile ones. We also identify a decoupling in fourth trochanter variation between locomotor mode (symmetrical to semi-pendant) and body size (sharp to rounded). Our results indicate a similar level of morphological disparity linked to a clear convergence in femoral robusticity between the two clades of archosauriforms (Pseudosuchia and Avemetatarsalia), emphasizing the importance of accounting for body size when studying their evolutionary history, as well as when studying the functional morphology of appendicular features. Determining how early archosauriform skeletal features were impacted by locomotor habits and body size also enables us to discuss the potential homoplasy of some phylogenetic characters used previously in cladistic analyses as well as when bipedalism evolved in the avemetatarsalian lineage. This study illuminates how the evolution of femoral morphology in early archosauriforms was functionally constrained by locomotor habit and body size, which should aid ongoing discussions about the early evolution of dinosaurs and the nature of their evolutionary "success" over pseudosuchians.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Dinosaurs; Femur; Habits; Locomotion; Lower Extremity; Phylogeny
PubMed: 34841511
DOI: 10.1111/joa.13598 -
Biological Psychiatry Jun 2019
Topics: Appetitive Behavior; Brain; Habits; Humans; Neural Pathways
PubMed: 31122343
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.978 -
Bulletin of the World Health... Oct 2021Robust enforcement of tobacco control legislation is helping curb tobacco use in the Russian Federation. Andrey Shukshin reports.
Robust enforcement of tobacco control legislation is helping curb tobacco use in the Russian Federation. Andrey Shukshin reports.
Topics: Habits; Humans; Russia; Nicotiana; Tobacco Products
PubMed: 34621085
DOI: 10.2471/BLT.21.021021 -
Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a... Mar 2021Many of our daily behaviors are habitual, occurring automatically in response to learned contextual cues, and with minimal need for cognitive and self-regulatory... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Many of our daily behaviors are habitual, occurring automatically in response to learned contextual cues, and with minimal need for cognitive and self-regulatory resources. Behavioral habit strength predicts adherence to actions, including to medications. The time of day (morning vs. evening) may influence adherence and habit strength to the degree that stability of contexts/routines varies throughout the day.
PURPOSE
The current study evaluates whether patients are more adherent to morning versus evening doses of medication and if morning doses show evidence of greater habit strength than evening doses.
METHODS
Objective adherence data (exact timing of pill dosing) were collected in an observational study by electronic monitoring pill bottles in a sample of patients on twice-daily pills for Type 2 diabetes (N = 51) over the course of 1 month.
RESULTS
Data supported the hypothesis that patients would miss fewer morning than evening pills. However, counter to the hypothesis, variability in dose timing (an indicator of habit strength) was not significantly different for morning versus evening pills.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest that medication adherence may be greater in the morning than in the evening. However, more research is needed to evaluate the role of habitual action in this greater adherence. Furthermore, future research should evaluate the validity of behavioral timing consistency as an indicator of habit strength.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Habits; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Time Factors
PubMed: 32542355
DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa042 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2022Information sharing is critical in risk communication and management during the COVID-19 epidemic, and information sharing has been a part of individual prevention and...
Information sharing is critical in risk communication and management during the COVID-19 epidemic, and information sharing has been a part of individual prevention and particular lifestyles under the "New Normal" of COVID-19. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore influencing factors and mechanisms in public and private information sharing intention among people under the regular risk situation. This study investigated an information sharing mechanism based on a cross-sectional design. We collected 780 valid responses through a sample database of an online questionnaire platform and utilized partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to further analyze the data. To explore the difference caused by news frames, we divided respondents into two groups according to the news frame (action frame vs. reassurance frame) and proceeded with the multi-group analysis. The results showed that four types of outcome expectations (information seeking, emotion regulation, altruism and public engagement) and habit had impacts on public and private information sharing intention. Two paths influencing information sharing proposed in this study were supported. The results showed that outcome expectations were positively related to habit, which implies that the cognitive mechanism was positively relevant to the formation of habit. The results proved that habit played a mediating role between outcome expectations and information sharing. This research found that emotion regulation and public engagement outcome expectations only affected two types of information sharing intention mediated by habit. Regarding the role of the news frame, this study found no significant difference between the group exposed to action-framed news and the group exposed to reassurance-framed news. By exploring influencing factors and the mechanism of information sharing under the "New Normal", these findings contribute to understanding of information sharing and have implications on risk management. The proposed mechanism classifying public and private information sharing complements risk information flowing by considering online risk incubation.
Topics: COVID-19; Cross-Sectional Studies; Habits; Humans; Information Dissemination; Motivation; SARS-CoV-2; Social Media
PubMed: 35564950
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095552