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Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Apr 2019Over the past few decades understanding and recognition of hantavirus infection has greatly improved worldwide, but both the amplitude and the magnitude of hantavirus... (Review)
Review
Over the past few decades understanding and recognition of hantavirus infection has greatly improved worldwide, but both the amplitude and the magnitude of hantavirus outbreaks have been increasing. Several novel hantaviruses with unknown pathogenic potential have been identified in a variety of insectivore hosts. With the new hosts, new geographical distributions of hantaviruses have also been discovered and several new species were found in Africa. Hantavirus infection in humans can result in two clinical syndromes: haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) caused by Old World and New World hantaviruses, respectively. The clinical presentation of HFRS varies from subclinical, mild, and moderate to severe, depending in part on the causative agent of the disease. In general, HFRS caused by Hantaan virus, Amur virus and Dobrava virus are more severe with mortality rates from 5 to 15%, whereas Seoul virus causes moderate and Puumala virus and Saaremaa virus cause mild forms of disease with mortality rates <1%. The central phenomena behind the pathogenesis of both HFRS and HCPS are increased vascular permeability and acute thrombocytopenia. The pathogenesis is likely to be a complex multifactorial process that includes contributions from immune responses, platelet dysfunction and the deregulation of endothelial cell barrier functions. Also a genetic predisposition, related to HLA type, seems to be important for the severity of the disease. As there is no effective treatment or vaccine approved for use in the USA and Europe, public awareness and precautionary measures are the only ways to minimize the risk of hantavirus disease.
Topics: Animals; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Reservoirs; Orthohantavirus; Hantavirus Infections; Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome; Humans
PubMed: 24750436
DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12291 -
Viruses Jul 2019Hantaviruses, members of the order , family , have a world-wide distribution and are responsible for greater than 150,000 cases of disease per year. The spectrum of... (Review)
Review
Hantaviruses, members of the order , family , have a world-wide distribution and are responsible for greater than 150,000 cases of disease per year. The spectrum of disease associated with hantavirus infection include hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) also known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or treatments for these hantavirus diseases. This review provides a summary of the status of vaccine and antiviral treatment efforts including those tested in animal models or human clinical trials.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Amides; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Orthohantavirus; Hantavirus Infections; Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome; Humans; Immunotherapy; Lactoferrin; Models, Animal; Nucleosides; Piperidines; Pyrazines; Quinazolines; Recombinant Proteins; Ribavirin; Triazoles; Vaccines, Synthetic; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 31277410
DOI: 10.3390/v11070610 -
Virologica Sinica Jun 2021Hantavirus infection is a global health challenge, causing widespread public concern. In recent years, cases of hantavirus infection in pregnant women have been reported... (Review)
Review
Hantavirus infection is a global health challenge, causing widespread public concern. In recent years, cases of hantavirus infection in pregnant women have been reported in many countries. The infected pregnant women and their fetuses appear to have more severe clinical symptoms and worse clinical outcomes. Hence, to study the prevalence of hantavirus infection in pregnant women, this study will focus on the epidemiological distribution of the virus, different virus species penetrating the placental barrier, and factors affecting the incidence and clinical outcome of the infection in pregnant women and their fetuses. In addition, this review will also discuss the diagnostic tools and treatments for pregnant patients and provide an overview of the relevant future research.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; Cesarean Section; Hantavirus Infections; Orthohantavirus; Placenta
PubMed: 33074475
DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00300-8 -
MSphere Jul 2020Hantaviruses are zoonotic pathogens found in parts of Europe, Asia, South America, and North America, which can cause renal and respiratory failure with fatality rates... (Review)
Review
Hantaviruses are zoonotic pathogens found in parts of Europe, Asia, South America, and North America, which can cause renal and respiratory failure with fatality rates up to 40%. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics for hantavirus-related diseases; however, it is evident that a robust neutralizing antibody response is critical for protection from severe disease. Although virologists first described this family of viruses in the 1950s, there is limited information on the neutralizing epitopes that exist on the hantavirus antigenic glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, and sites important for the design of effective therapeutics and vaccines. We provide a thorough summary of the hantavirus field from an immunological perspective. In particular, we discuss our current structural knowledge of antigenic proteins Gn and Gc, identification of B cell neutralizing epitopes, previously isolated monoclonal antibodies and their cross-reactivity between different hantavirus strains, and current developments toward vaccines and therapeutics. We conclude with some outstanding questions in the field and emphasize the need for additional studies of the human antibody response to hantavirus infection. Hantaviruses are pathogens that sometimes pass from animals to humans, and they are found in parts of Europe, Asia, and North and South America. When human infection occurs, these viruses can cause kidney or lung failure, and as many as 40% of infected people die. Currently, there are no vaccines or therapeutics for hantavirus-related diseases available. A first step in developing prevention measures is determining what type of immune response is protective. Increasingly it has become clear that the induction of a type of response called a neutralizing antibody response is critical for protection from severe disease. Although virologists first described this family of viruses in the 1950s, there is limited information on what features on the surface of hantaviruses are recognized by the immune system. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of this information, which is critical for the design of effective therapeutics and vaccines.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antigens, Viral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; Orthohantavirus; Hantavirus Infections; Humans; Immunity, Humoral; Mice
PubMed: 32669473
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00482-20 -
Viruses Jul 2021Finland has the highest incidence of hantavirus infections globally, with a significant impact on public health. The large coverage of boreal forests and the cyclic... (Review)
Review
Finland has the highest incidence of hantavirus infections globally, with a significant impact on public health. The large coverage of boreal forests and the cyclic dynamics of the dominant forest rodent species, the bank vole explain most of this. We review the relationships between Puumala hantavirus (PUUV), its host rodent, and the hantavirus disease, nephropathia epidemica (NE), in Finland. We describe the history of NE and its diagnostic research in Finland, the seasonal and multiannual cyclic dynamics of PUUV in bank voles impacting human epidemiology, and we compare our northern epidemiological patterns with those in temperate Europe. The long survival of PUUV outside the host and the life-long shedding of PUUV by the bank voles are highlighted. In humans, the infection has unique features in pathobiology but rarely long-term consequences. NE is affected by specific host genetics and risk behavior (smoking), and certain biomarkers can predict the outcome. Unlike many other hantaviruses, PUUV causes a relatively mild disease and is rarely fatal. Reinfections do not exist. Antiviral therapy is complicated by the fact that when symptoms appear, the patient already has a generalized infection. Blocking vascular leakage measures counteracting pathobiology, offer a real therapeutic approach.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Arvicolinae; Europe; Finland; Orthohantavirus; Hantavirus Infections; Humans; Incidence; Research; Risk Factors; Rodent Diseases; Seasons
PubMed: 34452318
DOI: 10.3390/v13081452 -
Current Opinion in Virology Oct 2021Hantaviruses are rodent-borne viruses distributed worldwide, transmitted through the air and with the ability to spread from person to person. They maintain a... (Review)
Review
Hantaviruses are rodent-borne viruses distributed worldwide, transmitted through the air and with the ability to spread from person to person. They maintain a non-symptomatic persistent infection in their rodent hosts, but their spillover to humans produces a renal or pulmonary syndrome associated with high fatality rates. Hantavirus particles are lipid-enveloped and display a characteristic surface lattice built up of tetragonal spikes composed of two glycoproteins, Gn and Gc. The pleomorphism of these particles has hindered cryo-EM efforts to obtain detailed structural information and only by using a combination of X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron tomography it was possible to build an atomic model of the surface lattice. Here we review these structural efforts and the unanticipated evolutionary relations between hantaviruses and alphaviruses highlighted by these studies.
Topics: Glycoproteins; Orthohantavirus; Hantavirus Infections; Humans; Membrane Glycoproteins; RNA Viruses
PubMed: 34418649
DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.07.009 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2017Hantaviruses are known to cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Eurasia and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas. They are globally emerging... (Review)
Review
Hantaviruses are known to cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Eurasia and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas. They are globally emerging pathogens as newer serotypes are routinely being reported. This review discusses hantavirus biology, clinical features and pathogenesis of hantavirus disease, its diagnostics, distribution and mammalian hosts. Hantavirus research in India is also summarised.
Topics: Americas; Asia; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Europe; Orthohantavirus; Hantavirus Infections; Humans; Serogroup
PubMed: 28681802
DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_16_429 -
Viruses Aug 2023currently encompasses seven genera and 53 species. Multiple hantaviruses such as Hantaan virus, Seoul virus, Dobrava-Belgrade virus, Puumala virus, Andes virus, and Sin... (Review)
Review
currently encompasses seven genera and 53 species. Multiple hantaviruses such as Hantaan virus, Seoul virus, Dobrava-Belgrade virus, Puumala virus, Andes virus, and Sin Nombre virus are highly pathogenic to humans. They cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HCPS/HPS) in many countries. Some hantaviruses infect wild or domestic animals without causing severe symptoms. Rodents, shrews, and bats are reservoirs of various mammalian hantaviruses. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in the study of hantaviruses including genomics, taxonomy, evolution, replication, transmission, pathogenicity, control, and patient treatment. Additionally, new hantaviruses infecting bats, rodents, shrews, amphibians, and fish have been identified. This review compiles these advancements to aid researchers and the public in better recognizing this zoonotic virus family with global public health significance.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Public Health; Chiroptera; Shrews; RNA Viruses; Orthohantavirus
PubMed: 37632047
DOI: 10.3390/v15081705 -
Virologica Sinica Feb 2017Hantaviruses are comprised of tri-segmented negative sense single-stranded RNA, and are members of the Bunyaviridae family. Hantaviruses are distributed worldwide and... (Review)
Review
Hantaviruses are comprised of tri-segmented negative sense single-stranded RNA, and are members of the Bunyaviridae family. Hantaviruses are distributed worldwide and are important zoonotic pathogens that can have severe adverse effects in humans. They are naturally maintained in specific reservoir hosts without inducing symptomatic infection. In humans, however, hantaviruses often cause two acute febrile diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In this paper, we review the epidemiology and epizootiology of hantavirus infections worldwide.
Topics: Animals; Disease Reservoirs; Global Health; Orthohantavirus; Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome; Humans; Zoonoses
PubMed: 28120221
DOI: 10.1007/s12250-016-3899-x -
Microbes and Infection 2020Hantavirus (HV), a pathogen of animal infectious diseases that poses a threat to humans, has attracted extensive attention. Clinically, HV can cause hemorrhagic fever... (Review)
Review
Hantavirus (HV), a pathogen of animal infectious diseases that poses a threat to humans, has attracted extensive attention. Clinically, HV can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), between which HFRS is mostly in Eurasia, and HPS is mostly in the Americas. This paper reviews the research progress of small-molecule inhibitors of HV.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Orthohantavirus; Hantavirus Infections; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Peptides; Small Molecule Libraries; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication
PubMed: 32445882
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.011