Did you mean: haptoglobin analysis
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American Journal of Physiology.... Jul 2021Intestinal permeability is an important diagnostic marker, yet its determination by established tests, which measure the urinary excretion of orally administered tracer...
Intestinal permeability is an important diagnostic marker, yet its determination by established tests, which measure the urinary excretion of orally administered tracer molecules, is time consuming and can only be performed prospectively. Here, we aim to validate proposed surrogate biomarkers, which allow measuring intestinal permeability more easily. In this cross-sectional study, we included two independent cohorts comprising nonobese (Healthy cohort, = 51) and individuals with obesity (Obesity cohort, = 27). The lactulose/mannitol (lac/man) ratio was determined in all individuals as an established marker of intestinal permeability. Furthermore, we measured six potential surrogate biomarkers, being albumin, calprotectin, and zonulin, measured in feces, as well as intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and zonulin, measured in plasma. Correlation analyses and multiple linear regression models were conducted to assess possible associations between the established lac/man ratio and the proposed biomarkers by also evaluating a potential effect of age, body mass index (BMI), and sex. The lac/man ratio correlated with plasma LBP levels in all cohorts consistently and with the amount of fecal zonulin in overweight and obese individuals. Multiple linear regression models showed that the association between the lac/man ratio and plasma LBP was independent of age, BMI, and sex. Fecal zonulin levels were associated with the lac/man ratio as well as BMI, but not age and sex. Our data suggest plasma LBP as a promising biomarker for intestinal permeability in adults and fecal zonulin as a potential biomarker in overweight and obese individuals. This study shows that biomarkers from blood and fecal samples are associated with the cumbersome established tests of intestinal permeability throughout different cohorts. Therefore, such biomarkers could be used to assess gut barrier function in prospective cohort studies and large-scale clinical trials for which tracer-based tests may not be feasible.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Haptoglobins; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Obesity; Permeability; Prospective Studies; Protein Precursors
PubMed: 34009040
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00113.2021 -
Trends in Food Science & Technology Oct 2020Garlic ( L.) is a common herb consumed worldwide as functional food and traditional remedy for the prevention of infectious diseases since ancient time. Garlic and its... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Garlic ( L.) is a common herb consumed worldwide as functional food and traditional remedy for the prevention of infectious diseases since ancient time. Garlic and its active organosulfur compounds (OSCs) have been reported to alleviate a number of viral infections in pre-clinical and clinical investigations. However, so far no systematic review on its antiviral effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms exists.
SCOPE AND APPROACH
The aim of this review is to systematically summarize pre-clinical and clinical investigations on antiviral effects of garlic and its OSCs as well as to further analyse recent findings on the mechanisms that underpin these antiviral actions. PubMed, Cochrane library, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases were searched and articles up to June 2020 were included in this review.
KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
Pre-clinical data demonstrated that garlic and its OSCs have potential antiviral activity against different human, animal and plant pathogenic viruses through blocking viral entry into host cells, inhibiting viral RNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase, DNA synthesis and immediate-early gene 1(IEG1) transcription, as well as through downregulating the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The alleviation of viral infection was also shown to link with immunomodulatory effects of garlic and its OSCs. Clinical studies further demonstrated a prophylactic effect of garlic in the prevention of widespread viral infections in humans through enhancing the immune response. This review highlights that garlic possesses significant antiviral activity and can be used prophylactically in the prevention of viral infections.
PubMed: 32836826
DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.08.006 -
Nutrients Jul 2020Early treatment may prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in individuals who are at high risk. Lifestyle interventions and the hypoglycemic drug... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Early treatment may prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in individuals who are at high risk. Lifestyle interventions and the hypoglycemic drug metformin have been shown to reduce T2DM incidence. The effectiveness of such interventions may be enhanced by targeting environmental factors such as the intestinal microbiota, which has been proven to predict the response to lifestyle interventions and play a part in mediating the glucose-lowering effects of metformin. Shifts in the intestinal microbiota "towards a more balanced state" may promote glucose homeostasis by regulating short-chain fatty acids' production. This study aimed to investigate the safety and effect of a multi-strain probiotic on glycemic, inflammatory, and permeability markers in adults with prediabetes and early T2DM and to assess whether the probiotic can enhance metformin's effect on glycaemia. A randomised controlled pilot study was conducted in 60 adults with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m and with prediabetes or T2DM (within the previous 12 months). The participants were randomised to a multi-strain probiotic (, , , , , , , and ) or placebo for 12 weeks. Analyses of the primary outcome (fasting plasma glucose) and secondary outcomes, including, but not limited to, circulating lipopolysaccharide, zonulin, and short chain fatty acids and a metagenomic analysis of the fecal microbiome were performed at baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention. The results showed no significant differences in the primary and secondary outcome measures between the probiotic and placebo group. An analysis of a subgroup of participants taking metformin showed a decrease in fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, insulin resistance, and zonulin; an increase in plasma butyrate concentrations; and an enrichment of microbial butyrate-producing pathways in the probiotic group but not in the placebo group. Probiotics may act as an adjunctive to metformin by increasing the production of butyrate, which may consequently enhance glucose management.
Topics: Aged; Bacteroidetes; Blood Glucose; Butyrates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Female; Firmicutes; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Haptoglobins; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metformin; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Prediabetic State; Probiotics; Protein Precursors; Proteobacteria
PubMed: 32660025
DOI: 10.3390/nu12072041 -
EBioMedicine Nov 2016The gut microbiota is interlinked with obesity, but direct evidence of effects of its modulation on body fat mass is still scarce. We investigated the possible effects... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The gut microbiota is interlinked with obesity, but direct evidence of effects of its modulation on body fat mass is still scarce. We investigated the possible effects of Bifidobacterium animalisssp. lactis 420 (B420) and the dietary fiber Litesse® Ultra polydextrose (LU) on body fat mass and other obesity-related parameters.
METHODS
225 healthy volunteers (healthy, BMI 28-34.9) were randomized into four groups (1:1:1:1), using a computer-generated sequence, for 6months of double-blind, parallel treatment: 1) Placebo, microcrystalline cellulose, 12g/d; 2) LU, 12g/d; 3) B420, 10CFU/d in microcrystalline cellulose, 12g/d; 4) LU+B420, 12g+10CFU/d. Body composition was monitored with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the primary outcome was relative change in body fat mass, comparing treatment groups to Placebo. Other outcomes included anthropometric measurements, food intake and blood and fecal biomarkers. The study was registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01978691).
FINDINGS
There were marked differences in the results of the Intention-To-Treat (ITT; n=209) and Per Protocol (PP; n=134) study populations. The PP analysis included only those participants who completed the intervention with >80% product compliance and no antibiotic use. In addition, three participants were excluded from DXA analyses for PP due to a long delay between the end of intervention and the last DXA measurement. There were no significant differences between groups in body fat mass in the ITT population. However, LU+B420 and B420 seemed to improve weight management in the PP population. For relative change in body fat mass, LU+B420 showed a-4.5% (-1.4kg, P=0.02, N=37) difference to the Placebo group, whereas LU (+0.3%, P=1.00, N=35) and B420 (-3.0%, P=0.28, N=24) alone had no effect (overall ANOVA P=0.095, Placebo N=35). A post-hoc factorial analysis was significant for B420 (-4.0%, P=0.002 vs. Placebo). Changes in fat mass were most pronounced in the abdominal region, and were reflected by similar changes in waist circumference. B420 and LU+B420 also significantly reduced energy intake compared to Placebo. Changes in blood zonulin levels and hsCRP were associated with corresponding changes in trunk fat mass in the LU+B420 group and in the overall population. There were no differences between groups in the incidence of adverse events.
DISCUSSION
This clinical trial demonstrates that a probiotic product with or without dietary fiber controls body fat mass. B420 and LU+B420 also reduced waist circumference and food intake, whereas LU alone had no effect on the measured outcomes.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Biomarkers; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Cholera Toxin; Dietary Fiber; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Haptoglobins; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Probiotics; Protein Precursors; Treatment Outcome; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 27810310
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.036 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Nov 2020Hemolysis is one of the main pathophysiological characteristics of sickle cell disease (SCD) and might cause or could be the result of oxidative stress. Antioxidants are... (Review)
Review
Hemolysis is one of the main pathophysiological characteristics of sickle cell disease (SCD) and might cause or could be the result of oxidative stress. Antioxidants are studied in SCD due to their potential to ensure redox balance and minimize deleterious effects on erythrocyte membranes. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of antioxidant nutrient supplementation on reducing hemolysis in SCD patients through randomized clinical trials. We conducted our study according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions investigating whether antioxidants could improve the hemolytic status of SCD patients. This study included 587 articles published until April 2020. We reduced this pool to 12 articles by excluding duplicates, reviews, comments, and studies with non-human subjects. Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin A, and zinc were the antioxidants that reportedly improved the indirect hemolysis parameters such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, or red blood cells. High-dose vitamin C and E supplementation worsened hemolysis, causing increased reticulocytes, lactate dehydrogenase, indirect bilirubin, and haptoglobin. More intervention studies especially high-quality controlled randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate the effects of antioxidant nutrients in reducing hemolysis in SCD.
Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Antioxidants; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Humans; Nutrients
PubMed: 32673671
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.020 -
Mass Spectrometry Reviews May 2019Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most-common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Most cases of HCC develop in patients that already have liver cirrhosis... (Review)
Review
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most-common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Most cases of HCC develop in patients that already have liver cirrhosis and have been recommended for surveillance for an early onset of HCC. Cirrhosis is the final common pathway for several etiologies of liver disease, including hepatitis B and C, alcohol, and increasingly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Only 20-30% of patients with HCC are eligible for curative therapy due primarily to inadequate early-detection strategies. Reliable, accurate biomarkers for HCC early detection provide the highest likelihood of curative therapy and survival; however, current early-detection methods that use abdominal ultrasound and serum alpha fetoprotein are inadequate due to poor adherence and limited sensitivity and specificity. There is an urgent need for convenient and highly accurate validated biomarkers for HCC early detection. The theme of this review is the development of new methods to discover glycoprotein-based markers for detection of HCC with mass spectrometry approaches. We outline the non-mass spectrometry based methods that have been used to discover HCC markers including immunoassays, capillary electrophoresis, 2-D gel electrophoresis, and lectin-FLISA assays. We describe the development and results of mass spectrometry-based assays for glycan screening based on either MALDI-MS or ESI analysis. These analyses might be based on the glycan content of serum or on glycan screening for target molecules from serum. We describe some of the specific markers that have been developed as a result, including for proteins such as Haptoglobin, Hemopexin, Kininogen, and others. We discuss the potential role for other technologies, including PGC chromatography and ion mobility, to separate isoforms of glycan markers. Analyses of glycopeptides based on new technologies and innovative softwares are described and also their potential role in discovery of markers of HCC. These technologies include new fragmentation methods such as EThcD and stepped HCD, which can identify large numbers of glycopeptide structures from serum. The key role of lectin extraction in various assays for intact glycopeptides or their truncated versions is also described, where various core-fucosylated and hyperfucosylated glycopeptides have been identified as potential markers of HCC. Finally, we describe the role of LC-MRMs or lectin-FLISA MRMs as a means to validate these glycoprotein markers from patient samples. These technological advancements in mass spectrometry have the potential to lead to novel biomarkers to improve the early detection of HCC.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Early Detection of Cancer; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Glycopeptides; Glycoproteins; Glycosylation; Humans; Immunoassay; Liver Neoplasms; Polysaccharides; Proteomics; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 30472795
DOI: 10.1002/mas.21583 -
Transfusion Jul 2018There are data suggesting that free hemoglobin (Hb), heme, and iron contribute to infection, thrombosis, multiorgan failure, and death in critically ill patients. These...
Elevated free hemoglobin and decreased haptoglobin levels are associated with adverse clinical outcomes, unfavorable physiologic measures, and altered inflammatory markers in pediatric cardiac surgery patients.
BACKGROUND
There are data suggesting that free hemoglobin (Hb), heme, and iron contribute to infection, thrombosis, multiorgan failure, and death in critically ill patients. These outcomes may be mitigated by haptoglobin.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
164 consecutively treated children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease were evaluated for associations between free Hb and haptoglobin and clinical outcomes, physiologic metrics, and biomarkers of inflammation RESULTS: Higher perioperative free Hb levels (and lower haptoglobin levels) were associated with mortality, nosocomial infection, thrombosis, hours of intubation and inotropes, increased interleukin-6, peak serum lactate levels, and lower nadir mean arterial pressures. The median free Hb in patients without infection (30 mg/dL; 29 interquartile range [IQR], 24-52 mg/dL) was lower than in those who became infected (39 mg/dL; IQR, 33-88 mg/ 31 dL; p = 0.0046). The median mechanical ventilation requirements were 19 (IQR, 7-72) hours in patients with higher levels of haptoglobin versus 48 (IQR, 18-144) hours in patients with lower levels (p = 0.0047). Transfusion dose, bypass duration, and complexity of surgery were all significantly correlated with Hb levels and haptoglobin levels. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that these variables were independently and significantly associated with outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Elevated pre- and postoperative levels of free Hb and decreased levels of haptoglobin were associated with adverse clinical outcomes, inflammation, and unfavorable physiologic metrics. Transfusion, RACHS score, and duration of bypass were associated with increased free Hb and decreased haptoglobin. Further investigation of the role of hemolysis and haptoglobin as potential mediators or markers of outcomes is warranted.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Transfusion; C-Reactive Protein; CD40 Ligand; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Haptoglobins; Hemoglobins; Hemolysis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Interleukin-6; Male; Postoperative Period; Thoracic Surgery; Thrombosis
PubMed: 29603246
DOI: 10.1111/trf.14601 -
Cancer Medicine Jun 2020The development of lung cancer is a multifactorial process that involves the environmental and genetic factors. The mortality rate of this cancer is higher than breast,...
BACKGROUND
The development of lung cancer is a multifactorial process that involves the environmental and genetic factors. The mortality rate of this cancer is higher than breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers. In this study, we try to analyze the proteome of patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and compare it with the healthy samples.
METHODS
This study has compared 30 lung tissue samples from patients with NSCLC and 30 healthy samples using proteomics and RT-PCR. Hence, tissue samples were obtained from the surgical ward in sterile conditions, and then, protein extraction applied to them. At the next stage, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry LCMS/MS were performed for protein isolation and sequencing, respectively.
RESULTS
The proteome analysis identified more than 40 differences in proteomic pattern of normal lung tissues compared to lung tissues with NSCLC. Peroxiredoxin, Haptoglobin, and Alpha-1 antitrypsin proteins were identified. Molecularly, it has also been shown that the two main proteins of Peroxiredoxin-2 and Alpha-1 antitrypsin were upregulated, and the expression of Haptoglobin protein was downregulated in cancer tissue.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study showed that there are some differences in term of protein content between the normal and cancerous lung tissues. Further studies are needed to evaluate these proteins that investigate whether these proteins can candidate as biomarkers to use in the early diagnosis of patients with NSCLC.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Case-Control Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Haptoglobins; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Peroxiredoxins; Proteome; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Young Adult; alpha 1-Antitrypsin
PubMed: 32232956
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3019 -
European Journal of Internal Medicine Oct 2012Diabetes mellitus carries a high risk for vascular events. Diabetics with different haptoglobin (Hp) types may carry different risk profiles, and may respond differently... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Haptoglobin genotype and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes mellitus - natural history of the disease and the effect of vitamin E treatment. Meta-analysis of the medical literature.
BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus carries a high risk for vascular events. Diabetics with different haptoglobin (Hp) types may carry different risk profiles, and may respond differently to vitamin E treatment. We aim to summarize the evidence about cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients, according to their Hp type, and the effect of vitamin E treatment on these sub-groups.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE and on-going trials' databases until February 2011; gray literature; reference lists of identified articles; and experts. Two investigators screened and selected studies that prospectively followed cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients with different Hp types (natural history analysis), and randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of vitamin E on cardiovascular outcomes in diabetics, in which Hp typing was performed (interventional analysis).
RESULTS
Five and three studies, comprising 1829 and 2110 patients, were eligible for the natural history and the interventional analyses, respectively. The percentage of diabetic patients experiencing non-fatal MI, stroke, or cardiovascular death was significantly higher in the Hp 2-2 population (odds ratio (OR) 2.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46 to 2.81)). In patients with Hp 2-2 genotype, the OR for a combined endpoint was 0.66 in favor of the vitamin E treated group (95% CI 0.48 to 0.9). This effect was not shown in other Hp types.
CONCLUSION
Hp type 2-2 carries a high risk of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. A pharmacogenomic approach towards treatment of diabetic patients with vitamin E may be warranted.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Genotype; Haptoglobins; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Pharmacogenetics; Risk Factors; Stroke; Vitamin E
PubMed: 22939808
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2012.04.009 -
EuroIntervention : Journal of EuroPCR... Sep 2012To understand the incidence, aetiology and mechanisms of paravalvular aortic and mitral leaks after valvular surgery; reviewing the best methods for diagnosis,... (Review)
Review
AIMS
To understand the incidence, aetiology and mechanisms of paravalvular aortic and mitral leaks after valvular surgery; reviewing the best methods for diagnosis, procedural guidance and result assessment of these leaks, as well as describing the different approaches to their treatment.
METHODS AND RESULTS
A literature search was undertaken as well as an in-depth analysis of our own experience concerning different imaging modalities and various therapeutic strategies for aortic and mitral paravalvular leaks. The majority of patients were diagnosed using two- or three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography, useful in both guiding the procedure as well as assessing the procedural results. Haemoglobin, haematocrit, LDH and haptoglobin values were analysed to assess haemolysis. Procedural success for percutaneous closure of paravalvular aortic leaks are around 90% in the different series, with low complication rates. Mitral leaks have been approached by transfemoral and transapical access; the reported success of this procedure ranges from 75% to more than 90% in different reports. Complication rates at 30 days average 10% and mortality related to the procedure is around 1%. Late follow-up results depend on the initial anatomy, baseline clinical class and procedure results.
CONCLUSIONS
Paravalvular leaks after surgical valve implantation have a multifactorial aetiology, but are mainly related to specific anatomic characteristics of the valvular ring. Mitral leaks are three times more common than aortic leaks and the incidence increases after reoperation. Different percutaneous techniques with several devices have been explored for leak closure, but we are still lacking devices specifically designed to treat this pathology more effectively.
Topics: Aortic Valve; Cardiac Catheterization; Diagnostic Imaging; Heart Valve Diseases; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Incidence; Mitral Valve; Postoperative Complications; Predictive Value of Tests; Prosthesis Design; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 22995111
DOI: 10.4244/EIJV8SQA9