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British Journal of Hospital Medicine... Feb 2022Allergic rhinitis affects 20% of the population of the UK. It confers a significant health burden upon the individual as it affects the patient's quality of life and is... (Review)
Review
Allergic rhinitis affects 20% of the population of the UK. It confers a significant health burden upon the individual as it affects the patient's quality of life and is associated with serious comorbidities including asthma, sinusitis and conjunctivitis. Owing to its prevalence, it has a significant economic impact through its effects on education, productivity and use of healthcare resources. This review focuses on the management of allergic rhinitis and potential future treatments, because of the lack of clear national guidelines and because this illness is often misdiagnosed and mismanaged. The article provides a comprehensive overview of allergic rhinitis and illustrates the assessment criteria for various subcategories.
Topics: Asthma; Humans; Quality of Life; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
PubMed: 35243888
DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2021.0570 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Nov 1989
Topics: Adult; Birth Order; Child; Cohort Studies; Eczema; Family Characteristics; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hygiene; Prevalence; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; United Kingdom
PubMed: 2513902
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.299.6710.1259 -
Primary Care Mar 2014Rhinitis is caused by a variety of allergic and nonallergic mechanisms. Mild disease can usually be managed with avoidance measures alone. Allergen removal can also... (Review)
Review
Rhinitis is caused by a variety of allergic and nonallergic mechanisms. Mild disease can usually be managed with avoidance measures alone. Allergen removal can also improve the severity of allergic rhinitis and can reduce the need for medications. Allergic rhinitis is represented by sneezing, nasal congestion, nasal pruritus, and rhinorrhea. Oral antihistamines should be used to treat patients with mild or occasional seasonal allergic rhinitis. Because of the variance in causes of nonallergic rhinitis, treatments also vary. Irrigation and debridement are the standard treatment of atrophic rhinitis. For gustatory rhinitis, pretreatment with ipratropium bromide can be used.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Histamine Antagonists; Humans; Nasal Decongestants; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
PubMed: 24439879
DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.005 -
European Journal of Epidemiology Jul 2022Previous observational studies have indicated a protective effect of drinking milk on asthma and allergy. In Mendelian Randomization, one or more genetic variants are...
BACKGROUND
Previous observational studies have indicated a protective effect of drinking milk on asthma and allergy. In Mendelian Randomization, one or more genetic variants are used as unbiased markers of exposure to examine causal effects. We examined the causal effect of milk intake on hay fever, asthma, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) by using the lactase rs4988235 genotype associated with milk intake.
METHODS
We performed a Mendelian Randomization study including 363,961 participants from the UK Biobank.
RESULTS
Observational analyses showed that self-reported milk-drinkers vs. non-milk drinkers had an increased risk of hay fever: odds ratio (OR) = 1.36 (95% CI 1.32, 1.40, p < 0.001), asthma: OR = 1.33 (95% CI 1.38, 1.29, p < 0.001), yet a higher FEV1: β = 0.022 (SE = 0.004, p < 0.001) and FVC: β = 0.026 (SE = 0.005, p < 0.001). In contrast, genetically determined milk-drinking vs. not drinking milk was associated with a lower risk of hay fever: OR = 0.791 (95% CI 0.636, 0.982, p = 0.033), and asthma: OR = 0.587 (95% CI 0.442, 0.779, p = 0.001), and lower FEV1: β = - 0.154 (standard error, SE = 0.034, p < 0.001) liter, and FVC: β = - 0.223 (SE = 0.034, p < 0.001) liter in univariable MR analyses. These results were supported by multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses although not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
As opposed to observational results, genetic association findings indicate that drinking milk has a protective effect on hay fever and asthma but may also have a negative effect on lung function. The results should be confirmed in other studies before any recommendations can be made.
Topics: Asthma; Humans; Lactase; Lung; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
PubMed: 34978666
DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00826-5 -
The European Respiratory Journal Sep 2022Asthma, hay fever and eczema are three common chronic conditions. There have been no recent multi-country data on the burden of these three conditions in adults; the...
AIMS
Asthma, hay fever and eczema are three common chronic conditions. There have been no recent multi-country data on the burden of these three conditions in adults; the aims of this study are to fill this evidence gap.
METHODS
The Global Asthma Network Phase I is a multi-country cross-sectional population-based study using the same core methodology as the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase III. It provides data on the burden of asthma, hay fever and eczema in children and adolescents, and, for the first time, in their parents/guardians.
RESULTS
Data were available from 193 912 adults (104 061 female; mean±sd age 38±7.5 years) in 43 centres in 17 countries. The overall prevalence (range) of symptoms was 6.6% (0.9-32.7%) for current wheeze, 4.4% (0.9-29.0%) for asthma ever, 14.4% (2.8-45.7%) for hay fever ever and 9.9% (1.6-29.5%) for eczema ever. Centre prevalence varied considerably both between countries and within countries. There was a moderate correlation between hay fever ever and asthma ever, and between eczema ever and hay fever ever at the centre level. There were moderate to strong correlations between indicators of the burden of disease reported in adults and the two younger age groups.
CONCLUSION
We found evidence for a substantial burden of asthma, hay fever ever and eczema ever in the countries examined, highlighting the major public health importance of these diseases. Prevention strategies and equitable access to effective and affordable treatments for these three conditions would help mitigate the avoidable morbidity they cause.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Asthma; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eczema; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35210319
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02865-2021 -
Allergology International : Official... Jul 2022The prevalence of hay fever, a multifactorial allergic disease, is increasing. Identifying individual characteristics and associated factors of hay fever is essential...
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of hay fever, a multifactorial allergic disease, is increasing. Identifying individual characteristics and associated factors of hay fever is essential for predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory (P4) medicine. This study aimed to identify individual characteristics and associated factors of hay fever using an iPhone application AllerSearch.
METHODS
This large-scale mobile health-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2018 and May 2020. Individuals who downloaded AllerSearch in Japan and provided a comprehensive self-assessment (general characteristics, medical history, lifestyle habits, and hay fever symptoms [score range 0-36]) were included. Associated factors of hay fever (vs. non-hay fever) and severe hay fever symptoms were identified using multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses, respectively.
RESULTS
Of the included 11,284 individuals, 9041 had hay fever. Factors associated with hay fever (odds ratio) included age (0.98), female sex (1.33), atopic dermatitis (1.40), history of dry eye diagnosis (1.36), discontinuation of contact lens use during hay fever season (3.34), frequent bowel movements (1.03), and less sleep duration (0.91). The factors associated with severe hay fever symptoms among individuals with hay fever (coefficient) included age (-0.104), female sex (1.329), history of respiratory disease (1.539), history of dry eye diagnosis (0.824), tomato allergy (1.346), discontinuation of contact lens use during hay fever season (1.479), smoking habit (0.614), and having a pet (0.303).
CONCLUSIONS
Our large-scale mobile health-based study using AllerSearch elucidated distinct hay fever presentation patterns, characteristics, and factors associated with hay fever. Our study establishes the groundwork for effective individualized interventions for P4 medicine.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Dry Eye Syndromes; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Prevalence; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Telemedicine
PubMed: 35105520
DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2021.12.004 -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Jul 1985
Topics: Allergens; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Immunotherapy; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
PubMed: 2861879
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.291.6488.92 -
The European Respiratory Journal Sep 2022There have been no worldwide standardised surveys of prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in school children for 15 years. The present...
AIMS
There have been no worldwide standardised surveys of prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in school children for 15 years. The present study aims to provide this information.
METHODS
Following the exact International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology (cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey), Global Asthma Network (GAN) Phase I was carried out between 2015 and 2020 in many centres worldwide.
RESULTS
The study included 157 784 adolescents (13-14 years of age) in 63 centres in 25 countries and 101 777 children (6-7 years of age) in 44 centres in 16 countries. The current prevalence of symptoms, respectively, was 11.0% and 9.1% for asthma, 13.3% and 7.7% for rhinoconjunctivitis and 6.4% and 5.9% for eczema. The prevalence of asthma ever was 10.5% and 7.6%, hay fever ever was 15.2% and 11.1% and eczema ever was 10.6% and 13.4%, respectively. Centres in low or lower middle gross national income countries (LICs or LMICs) had significantly lower prevalence of the three disease symptoms and diagnoses (except for hay fever). In children, the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms was higher in boys, while the reverse occurred among adolescents. For eczema, while the prevalence among female adolescents was double that of males, there was no sex difference among children. Centre accounted for non-negligible variability in all disease symptoms (10-20%).
CONCLUSION
The burdens of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema vary widely among the limited number of countries studied. Although symptom prevalence is lower in LICs and LMICs, it represents a considerable burden everywhere studied.
Topics: Adolescent; Asthma; Child; Conjunctivitis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eczema; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Male; Prevalence; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35144987
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02866-2021 -
The Journal of the Royal College of... Dec 1979
Topics: Humans; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
PubMed: 536986
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of the Royal College of... Aug 1979
Topics: Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunoglobulin E; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
PubMed: 522075
DOI: No ID Found