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Health Psychology Review 2015Interventions to change health-related behaviours typically have modest effects and may be more effective if grounded in appropriate theory. Most theories applied to... (Review)
Review
Interventions to change health-related behaviours typically have modest effects and may be more effective if grounded in appropriate theory. Most theories applied to public health interventions tend to emphasise individual capabilities and motivation, with limited reference to context and social factors. Intervention effectiveness may be increased by drawing on a wider range of theories incorporating social, cultural and economic factors that influence behaviour. The primary aim of this paper is to identify theories of behaviour and behaviour change of potential relevance to public health interventions across four scientific disciplines: psychology, sociology, anthropology and economics. We report in detail the methodology of our scoping review used to identify these theories including which involved a systematic search of electronic databases, consultation with a multidisciplinary advisory group, web searching, searching of reference lists and hand searching of key behavioural science journals. Of secondary interest we developed a list of agreed criteria for judging the quality of the theories. We identified 82 theories and 9 criteria for assessing theory quality. The potential relevance of this wide-ranging number of theories to public health interventions and the ease and usefulness of evaluating the theories in terms of the quality criteria are however yet to be determined.
Topics: Behavior Control; Behavior Therapy; Health Behavior; Humans; Motivation; Psychological Theory; Public Health
PubMed: 25104107
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2014.941722 -
Health Psychology Review Jun 2021There are no literature reviews that have examined the impact of health-domain interventions, informed by self-determination theory (SDT), on SDT constructs health... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A meta-analysis of self-determination theory-informed intervention studies in the health domain: effects on motivation, health behavior, physical, and psychological health.
There are no literature reviews that have examined the impact of health-domain interventions, informed by self-determination theory (SDT), on SDT constructs health indices. Our aim was to meta-analyse such interventions in the health promotion and disease management literatures. Studies were eligible if they used an experimental design, tested an intervention that was based on SDT, measured at least one SDT-based motivational construct, at least one indicator of health behaviour, physical health, or psychological health. Seventy-three studies met these criteria and provided sufficient data for the purposes of the review. A random-effects meta-analytic model showed that SDT-based interventions produced small-to-medium changes in most SDT constructs at the end of the intervention period, and in health behaviours at the end of the intervention period and at the follow-up. Small positive changes in physical and psychological health outcomes were also observed at the end of the interventions. Increases in need support and autonomous motivation (but not controlled motivation or amotivation) were associated with positive changes in health behaviour. In conclusion, SDT-informed interventions positively affect indices of health; these effects are modest, heterogeneous, and partly due to increases in self-determined motivation and support from social agents.
Topics: Health Behavior; Health Promotion; Humans; Mental Health; Motivation; Personal Autonomy
PubMed: 31983293
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1718529 -
Lancet (London, England) Oct 2010Mass media campaigns are widely used to expose high proportions of large populations to messages through routine uses of existing media, such as television, radio, and... (Review)
Review
Mass media campaigns are widely used to expose high proportions of large populations to messages through routine uses of existing media, such as television, radio, and newspapers. Exposure to such messages is, therefore, generally passive. Such campaigns are frequently competing with factors, such as pervasive product marketing, powerful social norms, and behaviours driven by addiction or habit. In this Review we discuss the outcomes of mass media campaigns in the context of various health-risk behaviours (eg, use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs, heart disease risk factors, sex-related behaviours, road safety, cancer screening and prevention, child survival, and organ or blood donation). We conclude that mass media campaigns can produce positive changes or prevent negative changes in health-related behaviours across large populations. We assess what contributes to these outcomes, such as concurrent availability of required services and products, availability of community-based programmes, and policies that support behaviour change. Finally, we propose areas for improvement, such as investment in longer better-funded campaigns to achieve adequate population exposure to media messages.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Health Behavior; Health Education; Health Promotion; Humans; Mass Media
PubMed: 20933263
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60809-4 -
The International Journal of Behavioral... Dec 2016Health and fitness applications (apps) have gained popularity in interventions to improve diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviours but their efficacy is unclear.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Health and fitness applications (apps) have gained popularity in interventions to improve diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviours but their efficacy is unclear. This systematic review examined the efficacy of interventions that use apps to improve diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adults.
METHODS
Systematic literature searches were conducted in five databases to identify papers published between 2006 and 2016. Studies were included if they used a smartphone app in an intervention to improve diet, physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour for prevention. Interventions could be stand-alone interventions using an app only, or multi-component interventions including an app as one of several intervention components. Outcomes measured were changes in the health behaviours and related health outcomes (i.e., fitness, body weight, blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, quality of life). Study inclusion and methodological quality were independently assessed by two reviewers.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven studies were included, most were randomised controlled trials (n = 19; 70%). Twenty-three studies targeted adults (17 showed significant health improvements) and four studies targeted children (two demonstrated significant health improvements). Twenty-one studies targeted physical activity (14 showed significant health improvements), 13 studies targeted diet (seven showed significant health improvements) and five studies targeted sedentary behaviour (two showed significant health improvements). More studies (n = 12; 63%) of those reporting significant effects detected between-group improvements in the health behaviour or related health outcomes, whilst fewer studies (n = 8; 42%) reported significant within-group improvements. A larger proportion of multi-component interventions (8 out of 13; 62%) showed significant between-group improvements compared to stand-alone app interventions (5 out of 14; 36%). Eleven studies reported app usage statistics, and three of them demonstrated that higher app usage was associated with improved health outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
This review provided modest evidence that app-based interventions to improve diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviours can be effective. Multi-component interventions appear to be more effective than stand-alone app interventions, however, this remains to be confirmed in controlled trials. Future research is needed on the optimal number and combination of app features, behaviour change techniques, and level of participant contact needed to maximise user engagement and intervention efficacy.
Topics: Adult; Child; Diet; Exercise; Health Behavior; Health Promotion; Humans; Mobile Applications; Sedentary Behavior; Smartphone
PubMed: 27927218
DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0454-y -
Diabetes & Metabolism Nov 2020Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with a variety of complications, and nudging may be a potential solution to improve diabetes control. Since nudging is a new...
BACKGROUND
Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with a variety of complications, and nudging may be a potential solution to improve diabetes control. Since nudging is a new concept, no review of literature on nudging diabetic patients into improving their health behaviour has been done. Therefore, we aim to collate a list of nudge intervention and determine the context in which nudging is successful.
METHODS
We adopted a two-arm search strategy comprising the search of literature databases and snowballing using relevant search terms. We summarized patient characteristics, the nudge intervention, according to nudging strategies, delivery mode and their outcomes. The conditions present in effective nudge interventions were assessed and reported.
RESULTS
We retrieved 11,494 studies from our searches and included 33. An additional five studies were added through snowballing. Studies included utilized framing (n=5), reminders (n=10), gamification (n=2), social modelling (n=5) and social influence (n=16). Studies on reminders and gamification were more likely to have a statistically significant outcome. The targeted health behaviours identified were medication adherence, physical activity, diet, blood glucose monitoring, foot care, self-efficacy, HbA1c and quality of life. Of these, studies with adherence to medication, foot care practice and quality of life as targeted health behaviours were more likely to show a statistically significant outcome.
CONCLUSION
Nudging has shown potential in changing health behaviour of patients with diabetes in specific context. We identified two possible factors (delivery mode and patient characteristics) that may affect the effectiveness of nudge intervention.
Topics: Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Choice Behavior; Delivery of Health Care; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Economics, Behavioral; Exercise; Games, Recreational; Health Behavior; Humans; Medication Adherence; Peer Influence; Quality of Life; Reminder Systems; Self Care; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 32387700
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.04.002 -
Revista Espanola de Salud Publica Mar 2021This paper intends to raise the potential interest that the principles and experiences of the so-called behavioral economy have in the field of public health and, more... (Review)
Review
This paper intends to raise the potential interest that the principles and experiences of the so-called behavioral economy have in the field of public health and, more specifically, in behavioral changes, thus substituting harmful behaviors to health for salutogenic behaviors while respecting the final freedom of choice of the person. In this article, we review the foundations of behavioral economics, emphasizing the work of Tversky and Kahneman and their approach to prospective theory and the role of brain activity levels 1 (automatic) and 2 (reflective) in decision making process. On the basis of these approaches, Thaler and Sustein identify a series of biases that will be used as tools to facilitate behavioral changes through a set of actions "that modify people's behavior in a predictable way without prohibiting any option or significantly changing their economic incentives" based on the so-called libertarian paternalism. We review its interest in public health, citing some empirical studies that demonstrate its high level of effectiveness and efficiency, reflected in the creation of Nudge Units in various countries, and concluding that this can be an interesting tool to add (not to replace) the classical techniques of health promotion and disease prevention.
Topics: Decision Making; Economics, Behavioral; Health Behavior; Health Promotion; Humans; Public Health; Spain
PubMed: 33750758
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2022Alcohol dependence is one of the world's major health challenges. The salutogenic concept of health developed by Antonovsky focuses on the search for resources and...
INTRODUCTION
Alcohol dependence is one of the world's major health challenges. The salutogenic concept of health developed by Antonovsky focuses on the search for resources and factors supporting health. Its basic concept of the sense of coherence (SOC) focuses on strengthening the global orientation of the patient, and creating permanent internal resources that translate into the improvement of pro-health behavior, including the fight against alcoholism.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between individual factors and the SOC as well as the influence of the SOC concept on pro-health behavior of people addicted to alcohol.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study group consisted of 110 men undergoing treatment in an addiction treatment ward. To check the level of the SOC, two standardized questionnaires, Antonovsky's "SOC-29 Life Orientation Questionnaire" and Juczyński's "Health Behaviour Inventory", were used. The correlation coefficient between the sociodemographic variables was checked using the Pearson's r test.
RESULTS
A positive correlation was found with the intensity of pro-health behaviors for three sociodemographic variables. In people aged 43-65 (r = 0.299; = 0.030), people with primary/vocational education (r = 0.276; = 0.015), and respondents living in rural areas (r = 0.303; = 0.028) a greater SOC was associated with pro-health behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS
Individuals addicted to alcohol are characterized by a low SOC and a low level of pro-health behaviors. Strengthening the internal level of the SOC can constitute an element of addiction therapy when introducing health education to prepare the patient for independent life in sobriety.
Topics: Alcoholism; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Sense of Coherence; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35886502
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148650 -
Clinical Interventions in Aging 2019Historically, influential models and theories of health behavior employed in aging research view human behavior as determined by conscious processes that involve... (Review)
Review
Historically, influential models and theories of health behavior employed in aging research view human behavior as determined by conscious processes that involve intentional motives and beliefs. We examine the evolution, strengths, and weaknesses of this approach; then offer a contemporary definition of the mind, provide support for it, and discuss the implications it has for the design of behavioral interventions in research on aging. A narrative review was conducted. Traditionally, models and theories used to either predict or change health behaviors in aging have not viewed the mind as encompassing embodied and relational processes nor have they given adequate attention to multi-level, in-the-moment determinants of health behavior. Future theory and research in aging would benefit from a broader integrative model of health behavior. The effects of adverse life experience and changes in biological systems with aging and chronic disease on health behavior warrant increased attention.
Topics: Aging; Health Behavior; Humans; Models, Psychological
PubMed: 31213787
DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S206974 -
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences Mar 2018
Topics: Decision Making; Health Behavior; Humans; Information Seeking Behavior; Motivation; Patient Acceptance of Health Care
PubMed: 29983507
DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v28i2.1 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2019: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use has been associated with preventive health behaviors. However, the role of CAM use in patients' health behaviors...
: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use has been associated with preventive health behaviors. However, the role of CAM use in patients' health behaviors remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the extent to which patients report that CAM use motivates them to make changes to their health behaviors. : This secondary analysis of 2012 National Health Interview Survey data involved 10,201 CAM users living in the United States who identified up to three CAM therapies most important to their health. Analyses assessed the extent to which participants reported that their CAM use motivated positive health behavior changes, specifically: eating healthier, eating more organic foods, cutting back/stopping drinking alcohol, cutting back/quitting smoking cigarettes, and/or exercising more regularly. : Overall, 45.4% of CAM users reported being motivated by CAM to make positive health behavior changes, including exercising more regularly (34.9%), eating healthier (31.4%), eating more organic foods (17.2%), reducing/stopping smoking (16.6% of smokers), or reducing/stopping drinking alcohol (8.7% of drinkers). Individual CAM therapies motivated positive health behavior changes in 22% (massage) to 81% (special diets) of users. People were more likely to report being motivated to change health behaviors if they were: aged 18-64 compared to those aged over 65 years; of female gender; not in a relationship; of Hispanic or Black ethnicity, compared to White; reporting at least college education, compared to people with less than high school education; without health insurance. : A sizeable proportion of respondents were motivated by their CAM use to undertake health behavior changes. CAM practices and practitioners could help improve patients' health behavior and have potentially significant implications for public health and preventive medicine initiatives; this warrants further research attention.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Complementary Therapies; Female; Health Behavior; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 31554323
DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100632