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Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 2020Heart rate variability is used as an assessment method for cardiac autonomic modulation. Since the Task Force's publication on heart rate variability in 1996, the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Heart rate variability is used as an assessment method for cardiac autonomic modulation. Since the Task Force's publication on heart rate variability in 1996, the European Heart Rhythm Association Position Paper in 2015 and a recent publication in 2017, attention has been paid to recommendations on using heart rate variability analysis methods, as well as their applications in different physiological conditions and clinical studies. This analysis has proved to be useful as a complementary tool for clinical evaluation and to assess the effect of non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions, such as physical exercise programmes, on cardiac autonomic modulation.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article is to make recommendations and to develop a checklist of normalisation procedures regarding the use of heart rate variability data collection and analysis methodology, focusing on the cardiology area and cardiac rehabilitation.
METHODS
Based on previous heart rate variability publications, this paper provides a description of the most common shortcomings of using the analysis methods and considers recommendations and suggestions on how to minimise these occurrences by using a specific checklist.
CONCLUSIONS
This article includes recommendations and a checklist regarding the use of heart rate variability collection and analysis methods. This work could help improve reporting on clinical evaluation and therapeutic intervention results and consequently, disseminate heart rate variability knowledge.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Cardiology; Checklist; Exercise; Heart Rate; Humans
PubMed: 30852243
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.02.006 -
International Journal of Sports Medicine Jan 2023Heart rate variability reflects fluctuations in the changes in consecutive heartbeats, providing insight into cardiac autonomic function and overall physiological state.... (Review)
Review
Heart rate variability reflects fluctuations in the changes in consecutive heartbeats, providing insight into cardiac autonomic function and overall physiological state. Endurance athletes typically demonstrate better cardiac autonomic function than non-athletes, with lower resting heart rates and greater variability. The availability and use of heart rate variability metrics has increased in the broader population and may be particularly useful to endurance athletes. The purpose of this review is to characterize current practices and applications of heart rate variability analysis in endurance athletes. Important considerations for heart rate variability analysis will be discussed, including analysis techniques, monitoring tools, the importance of stationarity of data, body position, timing and duration of the recording window, average heart rate, and sex and age differences. Key factors affecting resting heart rate variability will be discussed, including exercise intensity, duration, modality, overall training load, and lifestyle factors. Training applications will be explored, including heart rate variability-guided training and the identification and monitoring of maladaptive states such as overtraining. Lastly, we will examine some alternative uses of heart rate variability, including during exercise, post-exercise, and for physiological forecasting and predicting performance.
Topics: Humans; Heart Rate; Physical Endurance; Exercise; Athletes; Heart
PubMed: 35853460
DOI: 10.1055/a-1864-9726 -
Journal of Physiological Anthropology Mar 2019Although analysis of heart rate variability is widely used for the assessment of autonomic function, its fundamental framework linking low-frequency and high-frequency... (Review)
Review
Although analysis of heart rate variability is widely used for the assessment of autonomic function, its fundamental framework linking low-frequency and high-frequency components of heart rate variability with sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic divisions has developed in the 1980s. This simplified framework is no longer able to deal with much evidence about heart rate variability accumulated over the past half-century. This review addresses the pitfalls caused by the old framework and discusses the points that need attention in autonomic assessment by heart rate variability.
Topics: Accelerometry; Autonomic Nervous System; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; Posture; Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 30867063
DOI: 10.1186/s40101-019-0193-2 -
Behavioural Pharmacology Apr 2018As the influence of diet on health may take place over a period of decades, there is a need for biomarkers that help to identify those aspects of nutrition that have... (Review)
Review
As the influence of diet on health may take place over a period of decades, there is a need for biomarkers that help to identify those aspects of nutrition that have either a positive or a negative influence. The evidence is considered that heart-rate variability (HRV) (the time differences between one beat and the next) can be used to indicate the potential health benefits of food items. Reduced HRV is associated with the development of numerous conditions for example, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, obesity and psychiatric disorders. Although more systematic research is required, various aspects of diet have been shown to benefit HRV acutely and in the longer term. Examples include a Mediterranean diet, omega-3 fatty acids, B-vitamins, probiotics, polyphenols and weight loss. Aspects of diet that are viewed as undesirable, for example high intakes of saturated or trans-fat and high glycaemic carbohydrates, have been found to reduce HRV. It is argued that the consistent relationship between HRV, health and morbidity supports the view that HRV has the potential to become a widely used biomarker when considering the influence of diet on mental and physical health.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet; Diet Therapy; Heart Rate; Humans; Nutritional Status; Obesity
PubMed: 29543648
DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000383 -
Neuropsychobiology 2023The utility of heart rate variability (HRV) for characterizing psychological stress is primarily impacted by methodological considerations such as study populations,... (Review)
Review
The utility of heart rate variability (HRV) for characterizing psychological stress is primarily impacted by methodological considerations such as study populations, experienced versus induced stress, and method of stress assessment. Here, we review studies on the associations between HRV and psychological stress, examining the nature of stress, ways stress was assessed, and HRV metrics used. The review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines on select databases. Studies that examined the HRV-stress relationship via repeated measurements and validated psychometric instruments were included (n = 15). Participant numbers and ages ranged between 10 and 403 subjects and 18 and 60 years, respectively. Both experimental (n = 9) and real-life stress (n = 6) have been explored. While RMSSD was the most reported HRV metric (n = 10) significantly associated with stress, other metrics, including LF/HF (n = 7) and HF power (n = 6) were also reported. Various linear and nonlinear HRV metrics have been utilized, with nonlinear metrics used less often. The most frequently used psychometric instrument was the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (n = 10), though various other instruments have been reported. In conclusion, HRV is a valid measure of the psychological stress response. Standard stress induction and assessment protocols combined with validated HRV measures in different domains will improve the validity of findings.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Heart Rate; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 37290411
DOI: 10.1159/000530376 -
Biological Psychology May 2023The polyvagal collection of hypotheses is based upon five essential premises, as stated by its author (Porges, 2011). Polyvagal conjectures rest on a primary assumption... (Review)
Review
The polyvagal collection of hypotheses is based upon five essential premises, as stated by its author (Porges, 2011). Polyvagal conjectures rest on a primary assumption that brainstem ventral and dorsal vagal regions in mammals each have their own unique mediating effects upon control of heart rate. The polyvagal hypotheses link these putative dorsal- vs. ventral-vagal differences to socioemotional behavior (e.g. defensive immobilization, and social affiliative behaviors, respectively), as well as to trends in the evolution of the vagus nerve (e.g. Porges, 2011 & 2021a). Additionally, it is essential to note that only one measurable phenomenon-as index of vagal processes-serves as the linchpin for virtually every premise. That phenomenon is respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), heart-rate changes coordinated to phase of respiration (i.e. inspiration vs. expiration), often employed as an index of vagally, or parasympathetically, mediated control of heart rate. The polyvagal hypotheses assume that RSA is a mammalian phenomenon, since Porges (2011) states "RSA has not been observed in reptiles." I will here briefly document how each of these basic premises have been shown to be either untenable or highly implausible based on the available scientific literature. I will also argue that the polyvagal reliance upon RSA as equivalent to general vagal tone or even cardiac vagal tone is conceptually a category mistake (Ryle, 1949), confusing an approximate index (i.e. RSA) of a phenomenon (some general vagal process) with the phenomenon, itself.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Vagus Nerve; Heart; Arrhythmia, Sinus; Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia; Respiration; Heart Rate; Mammals
PubMed: 37230290
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108589 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Dec 2020
Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Heart Failure; Heart Rate; Humans
PubMed: 33470303
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200572 -
Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback Dec 2022Heart rate variabfility (HRV) has been a focal point throughout my academic history. To put into perspective, I have published studies spanning seven decades focusing on... (Review)
Review
Heart rate variabfility (HRV) has been a focal point throughout my academic history. To put into perspective, I have published studies spanning seven decades focusing on HRV (1969-2022). My interest in HRV started early in graduate school and continues to be an important portal informing my theoretical perspective. The current paper tracks some of this history, which started as an empirical observation and moved through several scientific stages including development of quantitative methods and investigations of neural mechanisms. Along this journey a variety of hypotheses were tested including the relative sensitivity of HRV metrics to neural mechanisms, psychological processes, and medical diagnoses. In addition, the research led to the identification of portal of intervention that have become strategies to optimize mental and physical health. These apparent disparate programs of inquiry have been tightly merged as the Polyvagal Theory evolved. In the sections below, I have shared my personal journey through these stages of scientific inquiry and my attempts to integrate the new knowledge in an expansive theoretical model.
Topics: Humans; Heart Rate; Autonomic Nervous System; Vagus Nerve
PubMed: 36136145
DOI: 10.1007/s10484-022-09559-x -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Heart Rate; Exercise; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
PubMed: 36790310
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220902 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2022This study aimed to examine the heart rate and blood lactate responses of female volleyball players during the match according to the player positions. A total of 24...
This study aimed to examine the heart rate and blood lactate responses of female volleyball players during the match according to the player positions. A total of 24 senior female volleyball players (middle blocker (n = 6), setter (n = 6), spiker (n = 6), and libero (n = 6)) were monitored for heart rate and blood lactate before, during and after a volleyball match. The mean heart rate and blood lactate level of volleyball players were determined 117.2 ± 13.9 bpm, 2.7 ± 1.2 mmol/L during the match. Heart rate was statistically different between all playing positions except middle blockers vs. spikers (p < 0.05). The blood lactate levels between the groups were not statistically different. The setters have the lowest heart rate and the libero players have the highest during the match. All subjects have a heart rate 50-60% and below 50% of their heart rate maximum during more than half of the match duration. These current results can be used by coaches to determine a specific training load based on the heart rate and blood lactate differences between playing positions.
Topics: Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactates; Volleyball
PubMed: 36097030
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19687-3