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Journal of Dairy Science Dec 2019Until 2010, our knowledge of the uterine microbiome in cows that developed uterine disease relied almost exclusively on culture-dependent studies and mostly included... (Review)
Review
Until 2010, our knowledge of the uterine microbiome in cows that developed uterine disease relied almost exclusively on culture-dependent studies and mostly included cows with clinical endometritis (i.e., with purulent uterine discharge). Those studies consistently found a strong positive correlation between Trueperella pyogenes and clinical endometritis, whereas other pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Bacteroides spp. were also commonly cocultured. In contrast, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Bacillus spp. were usually isolated from healthy cows. Starting in 2010, culture-independent studies using PCR explored the microbiome of cows with metritis and clinical endometritis, and observed that E. coli was a pioneer pathogen that predisposed cows to infection with F. necrophorum, which was strongly associated with metritis, and to infection with T. pyogenes, which was strongly associated with clinical endometritis. Starting in 2011, culture-independent studies using metagenomic sequencing expanded our knowledge of the uterine microbiome. It has been shown that cows have bacteria in the uterus even before calving, they have an established uterine microbiome within 20 min of calving, and that the microbiome structure is identical between cows that develop metritis and healthy cows until 2 d postpartum, after which the bacterial structure of cows that developed metritis deviates in favor of greater relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria and lesser relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Tenericutes. The shift in the uterine microbiome in cows that develop metritis is characterized by a loss of heterogeneity and a decrease in bacterial richness. At the genus level, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium have the strongest association with metritis. At the species level, we observed that Bacteroides pyogenes, Porphyromonas levii, and Helcococcus ovis were potential emerging uterine pathogens. Finally, we have shown that the hematogenous route is a viable route of uterine infection with uterine pathogens. Herein, we propose that metritis is associated with a dysbiosis of the uterine microbiota characterized by decreased richness, and an increase in Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria, particularly Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacteroidetes; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dysbiosis; Endometritis; Female; Fusobacteria; Microbiota; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Postpartum Period; Uterine Diseases; Uterus
PubMed: 31587913
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17106 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021() was first reported in ovine subclinical mastitis milk and post-mortem examination organs in Spain and the United Kingdom in 1999; subsequently, it appeared in...
() was first reported in ovine subclinical mastitis milk and post-mortem examination organs in Spain and the United Kingdom in 1999; subsequently, it appeared in cattle, horse, goat, and human. However, isolation and characterization of the pathogen from clinical bovine mastitis is unknown. The objective of this study was to identify the pathogen in clinical bovine mastitis. A total of four strains were isolated from bovine mastitis milk samples from a Chinese dairy farm, and they were identified as by microscopic examination and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using 16S rRNA gene, and the isolates were closely related to other China strains and strains from Japan. The growth speed of the isolated was relatively slower than , and the phenotypic characteristics were similar to CCUG37441 and CCUG39041 except to lactose. The isolates were sensitive to most of the common used antimicrobials. The isolates could lead to mild murine mastitis alone and induce severe mastitis when co-infected with in the murine mammary infection model constructed.
PubMed: 35224069
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.756438 -
BMC Veterinary Research Sep 2021Septic arthritis often occurs in young calves when the passive transfer of maternal immunoglobulins has failed, which results in hypogammaglobulinaemia in the calf....
BACKGROUND
Septic arthritis often occurs in young calves when the passive transfer of maternal immunoglobulins has failed, which results in hypogammaglobulinaemia in the calf. Another important cause is suboptimal herd health management which often leads to general health impairment and, subsequently, to septic arthritis.
CASE PRESENTATION
A dairy farmer consulted the Herd Health Service of the University Clinic reporting general herd health impairment, a high incidence of respiratory diseases, unsatisfactory weight gain and arthritis in calves, as well as mastitis and high milk cell counts. Clinical examinations were performed, and diagnostic measures were taken. A transtracheal lavage (TTL) was performed, and synovial swab samples were taken from the carpal joint and the subcutaneous tarsal bursae of two calves. Microbiological examinations of synovial swabs revealed co-infections of Trueperella pyogenes and Helcococcus ovis in one calf and Helcococcus ovis in pure culture in the other. The TTLs confirmed the presence of Mycoplasma spp. associated with respiratory diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
Helcococcus ovis is currently regarded as a co-infective bacterial agent. However, it seems to play a significant role as the primary pathogen in this case.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Animals; Arthritis, Infectious; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Bursitis; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Firmicutes; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Male; Mycoplasma Infections
PubMed: 34479562
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02996-6 -
Genomics & Informatics Dec 2018Metritis, the inflammation of the uterus caused by polymicrobial infections, is a prevalent and costly disease to the dairy industry as it decreases milk yield,...
Metritis, the inflammation of the uterus caused by polymicrobial infections, is a prevalent and costly disease to the dairy industry as it decreases milk yield, survival, and the welfare of dairy cows. Although the antibiotic ceftiofur is widely used for the treatment of metritis, endometrium and ovary function is compromised, resulting in subfertility and infertility. According to culture-dependent studies, uterine pathogens include Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Prevotella melaninogenica. Recent studies using high-throughput sequencing claimed that metritis is a microbiota-associated disease. Herein, we propose that metritis is associated with uterine microbiota with high abundance of Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium, but rare bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Helcococcus ovis cannot be ignored.
PubMed: 30602082
DOI: 10.5808/GI.2018.16.4.e21 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024It has been recognized that capripoxvirus infections have a strong cutaneous tropism with the manifestation of skin lesions in the form of nodules and scabs in the...
INTRODUCTION
It has been recognized that capripoxvirus infections have a strong cutaneous tropism with the manifestation of skin lesions in the form of nodules and scabs in the respective hosts, followed by necrosis and sloughing off. Considering that the skin microbiota is a complex community of commensal bacteria, fungi and viruses that are influenced by infections leading to pathological states, there is no evidence on how the skin microbiome is affected during capripoxvirus pathogenesis.
METHODS
In this study, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to investigate the microbiome in pox lesions from hosts infected with lumpy skin disease virus and sheep pox virus.
RESULTS
The analysis revealed a high degree of variability in bacterial community structures across affected skin samples, indicating the importance of specific commensal microorganisms colonizing individual hosts. The most common and abundant bacteria found in scab samples were , , and , irrespective of host. Bacterial reads belonging to the genera , , , and were identified.
DISCUSSION
This study is the first to investigate capripox virus-associated changes in the skin microbiome using whole-genome metagenomic profiling. The findings will provide a basis for further investigation into capripoxvirus pathogenesis. In addition, this study highlights the challenge of selecting an optimal bioinformatics approach for the analysis of metagenomic data in clinical and veterinary practice. For example, direct classification of reads using a kmer-based algorithm resulted in a significant number of systematic false positives, which may be attributed to the peculiarities of the algorithm and database selection. On the contrary, the process of assembly requires a large number of target reads from the symbiotic microbial community. In this work, the obtained sequencing data were processed by three different approaches, including direct classification of reads based on k-mers, mapping of reads to a marker gene database, and assembly and binning of metagenomic contigs. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques and their practicality in veterinary settings are discussed in relation to the results obtained.
PubMed: 38420205
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1321202 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 2004Helcococci have previously been associated with the colonization of ulcers and infections of the skin and soft tissues. We describe a case of prosthetic joint infection...
Helcococci have previously been associated with the colonization of ulcers and infections of the skin and soft tissues. We describe a case of prosthetic joint infection due to a previously undescribed organism that is genetically most closely related to Helcococcus.
Topics: Aged; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Base Sequence; Female; Helicobacter; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 15184496
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.6.2872-2874.2004