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Medicine May 2016Helicobacter fennelliae is a gram-negative, spiral bacillus that appears as thin-spread colonies on sheep blood agar and is similar to Helicobacter cinaedi. H fennelliae... (Review)
Review
Helicobacter fennelliae is a gram-negative, spiral bacillus that appears as thin-spread colonies on sheep blood agar and is similar to Helicobacter cinaedi. H fennelliae is diagnosed by genetic testing, which is not readily available in all laboratories. Therefore, H fennelliae bacteremia has only been reported sporadically, and little is known about its clinical characteristics.We describe 3 cases of H fennelliae bacteremia with gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Isolates could be differentiated from H cinaedi by biochemical reaction testing, including nitrate reduction and alkaline phosphatase hydrolysis.We retrospectively reviewed 24 cases of H fennelliae bacteremia reported in the literature. Most of the patients had immunosuppressive backgrounds, including solid tumors, hematological malignancies, and autoimmune diseases. Although gastrointestinal symptoms were common, cellulitis was not often observed in patients with H fennelliae bacteremia.Clinicians should bear in mind that H fennelliae may be a differential diagnosis in patients with gastrointestinal manifestations and gram-negative, spiral bacilli. In addition, biochemical reactions, such as nitrate reduction and alkaline phosphatase hydrolysis, are useful in differentiating H fennelliae from H cinaedi.
Topics: Aged; Bacteremia; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Helicobacter; Helicobacter Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Middle Aged
PubMed: 27149471
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003556 -
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology Feb 2011The discovery of Helicobacter pylori sparked a revolution in the understanding and management of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Other Helicobacter species are... (Review)
Review
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori sparked a revolution in the understanding and management of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Other Helicobacter species are recognized as important pathogenic agents in colitic diseases of rodents and primates, in particular Helicobacter bilis, Helicobacter fennelliae, Helicobacter hepaticus and Helicobacter trogontum. Helicobacter bilis and H. hepaticus are now routinely used to initiate rodent models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Molecular evidence exists linking various non-pylori Helicobacter spp. with human IBD; however, attempts to culture organisms in this disease cohort have proved unsuccessful to date. Attributing causation has therefore proved elusive. Seven enterohepatic, non-pylori Helicobacter organisms have been successfully cultured from humans, namely Helicobacter canadensis, Helicobacter canis, Helicobacter cinaedi, H. fennelliae, Helicobacter pullorum, Helicobacter winghamensis and Helicobacter sp. flexispira taxon 8 (now classified as H. bilis). Of these, H. cinaedi and H. fennelliae are the closest to fulfilling Koch's postulates as causative agents in homosexual proctitis. The possibility that novel Helicobacter organisms have a role in the initiation of human IBD warrants further consideration and targeted investigations.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Helicobacter; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
PubMed: 20955468
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2010.00744.x -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jul 2013Forty-six Helicobacter cinaedi isolates from the same hospital were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing. Most H. cinaedi isolates exhibited clonal complex 9 and were...
Forty-six Helicobacter cinaedi isolates from the same hospital were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing. Most H. cinaedi isolates exhibited clonal complex 9 and were mainly isolated from immunocompromised patients in the same ward. Three Helicobacter fennelliae isolates were obtained from the same ward and exhibited the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. All isolates were resistant to clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin. H. cinaedi and H. fennelliae must be carefully monitored to prevent nosocomial infection.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Clarithromycin; Cluster Analysis; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Female; Genotype; Helicobacter; Helicobacter Infections; Hospitals; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Epidemiology; Multilocus Sequence Typing
PubMed: 23658263
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01035-13 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 1995By DNA-DNA hybridization, we classified 26 human strains, 4 dog and cat strains, and 4 hamster strains putatively identified as Helicobacter cinaedi as well as 2 human... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
By DNA-DNA hybridization, we classified 26 human strains, 4 dog and cat strains, and 4 hamster strains putatively identified as Helicobacter cinaedi as well as 2 human strains and 2 animal strains of Helicobacter fennelliae. All but one human strain belonged to the same hybridization group as the type strain of H. cinaedi. The animal strains also appeared to belong to this hybridization group. Both human strains of H. fennelliae were shown to be H. fennelliae by DNA-DNA hybridization, but both animal strains were less than 15% related to the type strain. All strains were also characterized by plasmid profiles and ribotyping. Plasmids were found in 23% of the human strains, 100% of the hamster strains, and 33% of the dog and cat strains. Human strains were essentially identical by ribotyping, but were clearly differentiated from the hamster and dog and cat strains. Some strains may be difficult to culture on primary isolation; we found that our strains grew well on anaerobic CDC agar, brucella agar, and tryptic soy agar II. Our H. cinaedi and H. fennelliae strains differed from those previously described because some were resistant to cephalothin: some H. cinaedi strains were also resistant to nalidixic acid. All isolates were also characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We found that human strains of H. cinaedi were more resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin than were animal isolates; 19% of the human strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Therefore, we recommend that antimicrobial susceptibility results be obtained before initiating therapy for H. cinaedi and H. fennelliae infections.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Cats; Cricetinae; DNA Probes; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Dogs; Genotype; Helicobacter; Helicobacter Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenotype; Plasmids; Species Specificity
PubMed: 8576350
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.11.2940-2947.1995 -
Gut Pathogens 2018() is associated with human gastroenteritis; however, was isolated and confirmed by phenotypic and genotypic identification from a non-diarrheal child stool sample in...
() is associated with human gastroenteritis; however, was isolated and confirmed by phenotypic and genotypic identification from a non-diarrheal child stool sample in Cambodia. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that this isolate had a high minimal inhibitory concentration against macrolides and quinolones, which are first-line antibiotic treatment choices for infections. Consequently, macrolides and quinolones were likewise expected to be ineffective against -like organisms such as . This isolate warranted further genetic characterization to better understand associated antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Resistant pathogens from asymptomatic diarrheal cases are likely underestimated, and as such colonized individuals may spread resistant organisms to local community members and the environment.
PubMed: 29854008
DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0246-9 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Jan 2024The site of enterohepatic Helicobacter colonization/infection in humans is still unknown. We report microbiologically and histopathologically confirmed H. fennelliae...
The site of enterohepatic Helicobacter colonization/infection in humans is still unknown. We report microbiologically and histopathologically confirmed H. fennelliae localization in the large intestine in an immunocompromised patient in Japan. This case contributes to better understanding of the life cycle of enterohepatic Helicobacter species.
Topics: Humans; Japan; Intestines; Helicobacter; Immunocompromised Host
PubMed: 38147044
DOI: 10.3201/eid3001.231049 -
Journal of Pathogens 2011Forty strains of H. fennelliae collected from paediatric blood and stool samples over an 18 year period at a children's hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, were...
Forty strains of H. fennelliae collected from paediatric blood and stool samples over an 18 year period at a children's hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, were amplified by PCR of the 16S rRNA. Two distinct genotypes of H. fennelliae were identified based on the phylogenetic analysis. This was confirmed by sequencing a portion of the beta subunit of the RNA polymerase (rpoB) gene. All isolates from South Africa clustered with a proposed novel Helicobacter strain (accession number AF237612) isolated in Australia, while three H. fennelliae type strains from the northern hemisphere, NCTC 11612, LMG 7546 and CCUG 18820, formed a separate branch. A large (355bp) highly conserved intervening sequence (IVS) in the 16S rRNA was found in all isolates. Predicted secondary structures of the IVS from the 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA were characterised by a primary stem structure formed by base pairing of the 3' and 5' ends and internal loops and stems. This phylogenetic analysis is the largest undertaken of H. fennelliae. The South African H. fennelliae isolates are closely related to an Australian isolate previously reported to be a possible novel species of Helicobacter. This study suggests that the latter is strain of H. fennelliae.
PubMed: 22567323
DOI: 10.4061/2011/217376 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Jul 2014Considerable progress has been made in understanding the roles of Helicobacter pylori in inflammation and gastric cancer; however, far less is known about the roles of...
Considerable progress has been made in understanding the roles of Helicobacter pylori in inflammation and gastric cancer; however, far less is known about the roles of enterohepatic Helicobacter species (EHS) in carcinogenesis and their zoonotic or pathogenic potential. We determined the prevalence of EHS infection in a cohort of geriatric rhesus monkeys in which intestinal adenocarcinoma (IAC) is common and investigated the association between EHS infection and IAC. The cohort consisted of 36 animals, 14 of which (age 26-35 years) had IAC. Of the 36 rhesus, 35 (97%) were positive for EHS using PCR or bacterial isolation from faeces, colonic or tumour tissues. Only a single rhesus, which had IAC, was negative for EHS by all detection methods. The EHS identified by 16S rRNA sequencing in this study were from three Helicobacter taxa: Helicobacter macacae (previously rhesus monkey taxon 1), Helicobacter sp. rhesus monkey taxon 2, previously described from strain MIT 99-5507, and Helicobacter sp. rhesus monkey taxon 4, related to Helicobacter fennelliae. Thirteen of 14 monkeys with IAC were positive for either H. macacae (7/13, 54%), EHS rhesus monkey taxon 4 (4/13, 31%) or a mixture of the two EHS (2/13, 15%). These results indicate that EHS are prevalent among aged rhesus macaques with IAC. Using Helicobacter genus-specific florescent in situ hybridization, EHS were detected on the surface of colonic epithelia of infected monkeys. All Helicobacter isolates, including H. macacae, effectively adhered to, invaded, and significantly induced proinflammatory genes, including IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α and iNOS, while downregulating genes involved in the function of inflammasomes, particularly IL-1β, CASPASE-1, NRLP3, NLRP6 and NLRC4 in the human colonic T84 cell line (P<0.0001). These results suggest that EHS may represent an aetiological agent mediating diarrhoea, chronic inflammation, and possibly intestinal cancer in non-human primates, and may play a role in similar disease syndromes in humans. Downregulation of inflammasome function may represent an EHS strategy for long-term persistence in the host and play a role in inducing pathological changes in the host's lower bowel.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Cohort Studies; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Helicobacter; Helicobacter Infections; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Macaca mulatta; Male; Monkey Diseases; Phylogeography
PubMed: 24696515
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.072462-0 -
Genome Announcements Aug 2013Helicobacter fennelliae, a human enterohepatic pathogen, causes bacteremia and colitis. We isolated H. fennelliae strain MRY12-0050 from a female patient; this strain...
Helicobacter fennelliae, a human enterohepatic pathogen, causes bacteremia and colitis. We isolated H. fennelliae strain MRY12-0050 from a female patient; this strain was isolated from 2 other patients from the same hospital during the same period, suggesting human-to-human transmission. This is the first report of an H. fennelliae genome sequence.
PubMed: 23929465
DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00512-13 -
JMM Case Reports Oct 2016is an enterohepatic species causing bacteraemia in immunocompromised hosts. Only a few cases of recurrent bacteraemia have been reported in Japan and there are no...
INTRODUCTION
is an enterohepatic species causing bacteraemia in immunocompromised hosts. Only a few cases of recurrent bacteraemia have been reported in Japan and there are no guidelines regarding antimicrobial treatment for infection.
CASE PRESENTATION
bacteraemia was observed in a patient receiving platinum-based chemotherapy for lung cancer. To prevent recurrence, the patient received antibiotic therapy with cefepime, amoxicillin and doxycycline for 6 weeks, which is similar to the therapy for bacteraemia. Bacteraemia recurred despite the long-term antibiotic therapy. We hypothesized that the bacteraemia originated from endogenous infection in the intestinal tract due to the long-term damage of the enteric mucosa by platinum-based drugs and performed selective digestive decontamination (SDD) with kanamycin. Bacteraemia did not recur after SDD.
CONCLUSION
Our observations indicate that clinicians should be aware of possible recurrent bacteraemia, which could be effectively prevented by SDD with kanamycin.
PubMed: 28348791
DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005069