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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 1992A modified indirect hemagglutination test for the detection of treponemal antibodies was developed for use with finger-prick blood. By using paired serum and absorbed... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A modified indirect hemagglutination test for the detection of treponemal antibodies was developed for use with finger-prick blood. By using paired serum and absorbed finger-prick blood from 58 patients from an area previously endemic for yaws and 12 patients without yaws, the modified hemagglutination test was compared with a hemagglutination test for Treponema pallidum and the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test. The modified hemagglutination test showed 100% specificity and an overall agreement of 96.5% with the hemagglutination test for T. pallidum and 94.8% with the fluorescent treponemal antibody test. The modified hemagglutination test appears to be a simple and economical test that is suitable for use in large epidemiological surveys for yaws.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Bacterial; Blood Specimen Collection; Child; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fingers; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Syphilis; Treponema; Treponema pallidum; Yaws
PubMed: 1551970
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.30.3.561-563.1992 -
Canadian Journal of Comparative... Apr 1984The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated significant cross-reactivity between the antigens of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ( HyoP ) and M. flocculare (Floc),... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Serological cross-reactivity of porcine reference antisera to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, M. flocculare, M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae indicated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, complement fixation and indirect hemagglutination tests.
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated significant cross-reactivity between the antigens of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ( HyoP ) and M. flocculare (Floc), another porcine mycoplasma of wide distribution but uncertain pathogenic significance, when porcine antisera of each specificity were tested against HyoP antigen. The titers of the anti-Floc sera ranged from threefold to 13-fold less than the titer of the anti- HyoP reference serum at different times after immunization. These values ranged from onefold less than to fourfold greater than the minimal positive titer of 80. The antisera to the other porcine mycoplasmal antigens [i.e. M. hyorhinis ( HyoR ) and M. hyosynoviae ( HyoS )] reacted less strongly to HyoP antigen but titers only slightly less than to slightly greater than the minimal positive titer were noted for some sera. Cross-reactivity was also detected by the complement fixation test, although the titers for this test were generally lower than for the ELISA, presumably reflecting lower sensitivity of the complement fixation test. Positive indirect hemagglutination titers to HyoP antigen were also observed for both anti-Floc sera obtained at one or more times during the immune response. With two exceptions (one anti- HyoR serum with a complement fixation titer of 16 and one anti- HyoR serum with an indirect hemagglutination titer of 10), none of the anti- HyoR or anti- HyoS sera had detectable indirect hemagglutination or complement fixation titers to HyoP antigen at any time after immunization. The levels of cross-reactivity detected by the complement fixation test and indirect hemagglutination and, especially, the ELISA would be of significance for the development of any practical sero-diagnostic test for mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Complement Fixation Tests; Cross Reactions; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Hemagglutination Tests; Immune Sera; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Mycoplasma; Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal; Reference Standards; Species Specificity; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 6372971
DOI: No ID Found -
Applied Microbiology Apr 1974A comparison between the results of the streptozyme hemagglutination test and serological titers for anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-hyaluronidase (AH),... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A comparison between the results of the streptozyme hemagglutination test and serological titers for anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-hyaluronidase (AH), anti-deoxyribonuclease B (ADN-B), and anti-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidase (ANAD) was made in two groups of human sera. In one group, serological titers for all the four antibodies were lower than the threshold of sensitization reported by the producing firm. In the second group, the titer of at least one of the four antibodies was equal to or higher than the threshold. False-positive and false-negative reactions occur with those sera when one or more antibody titer is at or near the threshold of the test as described by the manufacturer. The test was positive for all sera where either the ASO was greater than 166 or the ANAD was greater than 270, and for 98% of the sera with ADN-B greater than 360. It is, therefore, concluded that the streptozyme test can be used as an adjunct to the clinical diagnosis of streptococcal infections and their nonsuppurative sequelae. It is less useful to assess the levels of antibodies in sera from general population surveys. For such sera, the relative specificity and sensitivity of the test might yield misleading results. Until more experience is gained with the test, caution should be used in its application to infant and older adult age groups, where significant streptococcal antibody titers are frequently near the threshold of the test.
Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Antistreptolysin; Deoxyribonucleases; Diagnosis, Differential; Egypt; Epidemiologic Methods; Evaluation Studies as Topic; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; NAD; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 4363557
DOI: 10.1128/am.27.4.748-752.1974 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 1978The erythrocyte-sensitizing substances (ESS) of Rickettsia prowazekii and R. conorii were characterized by biological and chemical criteria. ESS could be derived from...
The erythrocyte-sensitizing substances (ESS) of Rickettsia prowazekii and R. conorii were characterized by biological and chemical criteria. ESS could be derived from either soluble or particulate complement-fixing antigens obtained by ether extraction of rickettsiae. The soluble complement-fixing antigen exhibited two peaks of serological activity in potassium tartrate density gradients. The particulate complement-fixing antigen coincided with the more dense peak but was distinguishable by its sedimentation in rate-zonal sucrose gradients. ESS was obtained from each of the complement-fixing-reactive gradient peaks by extraction with hot alkali and was quantified by a modified indirect hemagglutination test. These ESS preparations sedimented similarly in potassium tartrate gradients and were shown to contain protein and carbohydrate, both by colorimetric tests and by incorporation of radioactive precursors. The serological activity of ESS was unaffected by trypsin, but both antigenicity and erythrocyte-binding capacity were reduced after exposure to sodium metaperiodate. Highly purified ESS was rapidly inactivated by potassium tartrate and required stabilization with bovine plasma albumin.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Binding Sites, Antibody; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Complement Fixation Tests; Erythrocytes; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Periodic Acid; Rickettsia; Rickettsia prowazekii; Sheep; Trypsin; Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne
PubMed: 212448
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.8.2.189-196.1978 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 1989A passive hemagglutination test (PHA) was developed for detecting antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) utilizing sheep erythrocytes cross-linked... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Passive hemagglutination test for detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and comparison of the test with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot (immunoblot) analysis.
A passive hemagglutination test (PHA) was developed for detecting antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) utilizing sheep erythrocytes cross-linked with purified envelope glycoprotein (gp160) of HIV-1. In an analysis of 216 human serum samples, 100% correlation was observed in 86 reactive and 124 nonreactive serum samples between PHA and commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and Western blot (immunoblot) analysis. Serum samples from gp160-immunized chimpanzees also reacted equally well in PHA. The test is simple, rapid, and inexpensive, thus providing an alternate, quick method of detecting HIV antibodies. These advantages and the thermal stability of the reagents that are used make this an attractive alternative for detecting prior exposure of individuals to HIV-1.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; HIV Antibodies; HIV-1; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Pan troglodytes; Predictive Value of Tests; Sheep
PubMed: 2913026
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.27.1.179-181.1989 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 1983Serological properties of antigens extracted from strains of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae belonging to seven different serotypes were investigated. Antisera were...
Serological properties of antigens extracted from strains of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae belonging to seven different serotypes were investigated. Antisera were prepared in rabbits against Formalin-treated whole cell suspensions as well as autoclaved cell suspensions. Saline and heat extracts and their alcohol precipitate antigens of H. pleuropneumoniae were used in the indirect hemagglutination test. All the antigens used were easily adsorbed directly onto sheep erythrocytes. Saline extract antigen showed maximum type specificity. Heating of the whole cell suspension revealed the cross-reactive minor antigenic determinants. Thus, the heat extract preparations had both type-specific and species-specific antigens. It is suggested that the indirect hemagglutination test may be useful for both serotyping and serodiagnosis of H. pleuropneumoniae infections in pigs.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Cross Reactions; Epitopes; Haemophilus; Hemagglutination Tests; Serotyping; Species Specificity
PubMed: 6190838
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.17.5.787-790.1983 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 1979An immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA) test for the measurement of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila was developed and evaluated for the diagnosis of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
An immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA) test for the measurement of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila was developed and evaluated for the diagnosis of Legionnaires disease. Its sensitivity was compared to that of the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test and a recently developed indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test. The sensitivity of the three tests appeared to be similar, with the IFA test giving slightly higher titers. Both the IHA and IAHA tests appear useful for the serodiagnosis of Legionnaires disease; the IAHA test has the advantage that it can be used with many other serological antigens.
Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hemagglutination Tests; Immune Adherence Reaction; Legionnaires' Disease
PubMed: 391816
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.10.6.876-879.1979 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 1980A quantitative and standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described which uses lyophilized antigen-coated disks for the detection of human antibodies to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A quantitative and standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described which uses lyophilized antigen-coated disks for the detection of human antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. It does not require serial dilution of the test specimen, and the objective absorbance readings are converted into international units per milliliter traceable to the World Health Organization's reference standard preparation of toxoplasma antibodies. It was shown to be highly specific, reproducible, and sensitive. The reagents were stable, without biohazard, and ready for use. Studies of various parameters in the assay indicated that the test conditions were relatively flexible. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results correlated satisfactorily with the methylene blue dye test, the indirect immunofluorescence test, and the passive hemagglutination test.
Topics: Antibodies; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Methylene Blue; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis
PubMed: 7000818
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.11.6.675-681.1980 -
The British Journal of Venereal Diseases Jun 1973
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Complement Fixation Tests; Female; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Male; Methods; Poultry; Sheep; Syphilis Serodiagnosis; Tannins; Treponema Immobilization Test; Treponema pallidum
PubMed: 4578209
DOI: 10.1136/sti.49.3.242 -
Parasite (Paris, France) 2016Toxoplasma gondii infections are prevalent in animals and humans worldwide. In the present investigation, the seroprevalence of T. gondii in goats was investigated in...
Toxoplasma gondii infections are prevalent in animals and humans worldwide. In the present investigation, the seroprevalence of T. gondii in goats was investigated in Hunan province, subtropical China between March 2014 and December 2015. A total of 1,028 serum samples collected from 14 administrative regions of Hunan province were evaluated by the indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT) for the detection of specific antibodies. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 124 serum samples (12%). The T. gondii seroprevalence ranged from 1.7% to 19% among different regions in subtropical China, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.01). The results of the present survey indicated that T. gondii infection is prevalent in goats in Hunan, which poses a potential risk for human infection with T. gondii in this province.
Topics: Age Distribution; Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; China; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Hemagglutination Tests; Logistic Models; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Seasons; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Sex Distribution; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis, Animal
PubMed: 27762212
DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2016053