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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Bacteremia caused by is relatively rare in positive blood cultures. is an opportunistic bacterium in patients with cancer and cirrhosis and has also been described in... (Review)
Review
Bacteremia caused by is relatively rare in positive blood cultures. is an opportunistic bacterium in patients with cancer and cirrhosis and has also been described in immunocompromised hosts. In this study, was isolated from a patient with repeated chest tightness and chest pain. Smears were prepared, stained, and examined by microscopy. Single colonies were analyzed by Gram staining, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), 16S rRNA sequencing and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Antibiotic sensitivity was assessed by agar dilution. Almost all publications on infections in the PubMed/ScienceDirect/EBSCO databases were reviewed and summarized. Blood sample culturing yielded white, gelatinous, and slightly raised colonies without hemolytic rings. The bacilli were found to be Gram-negative, and MS results showed 99.2% homology with . This was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, phylogenetic tree analysis and NGS all of which were homologous with in GenBank. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and levofloxacin. A comprehensive literature review revealed that was an emergent pathogen. After medical treatment, the patient's body temperature returned to normal. This is the first report of bacteremia caused by in China. The findings could improve the awareness and attention of the rare pathogenic microorganisms in China.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Herbaspirillum; Humans; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Research Report
PubMed: 35782140
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.882827 -
Cureus Mar 2023The species are gram-negative bacteria that inhabit soil and water. Infections caused by this pathogen are an uncommon clinical entity. We describe a rare case of...
The species are gram-negative bacteria that inhabit soil and water. Infections caused by this pathogen are an uncommon clinical entity. We describe a rare case of septic shock and bacteremia caused by in an immunocompetent adult female. The patient, a 59-year-old female, presented to the hospital with circulatory shock, fever, chills, and cough. Chest x-ray revealed right lower lobe lung consolidation consistent with pneumonia, and blood cultures with a positive concerning gram-negative curved rod which was later identified as . The patient was treated in the ICU for three days with cefepime and vasoactive agents. After improvement and an additional seven days of hospitalization, the patient was discharged home with a five-day course of oral levofloxacin. Although our patient responded well to cefepime and levofloxacin, meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam were found to be the most commonly used and the most effective antibiotics to treat infections in other reported cases. This is amongst the few reported cases of bacteremia in an immunocompetent individual with pneumonia.
PubMed: 37065293
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36155 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2019Pentoses, including D-xylose, L-arabinose, and D-arabinose, are generally phosphorylated to D-xylulose 5-phosphate in bacteria and fungi. However, in non-phosphorylative...
Pentoses, including D-xylose, L-arabinose, and D-arabinose, are generally phosphorylated to D-xylulose 5-phosphate in bacteria and fungi. However, in non-phosphorylative pathways analogous to the Entner-Dodoroff pathway in bacteria and archaea, such pentoses can be converted to pyruvate and glycolaldehyde (Route I) or α-ketoglutarate (Route II) via a 2-keto-3-deoxypentonate (KDP) intermediate. Putative gene clusters related to these metabolic pathways were identified on the genome of Herbaspirillum huttiense IAM 15032 using a bioinformatic analysis. The biochemical characterization of C785_RS13685, one of the components encoded to D-arabinonate dehydratase, differed from the known acid-sugar dehydratases. The biochemical characterization of the remaining components and a genetic expression analysis revealed that D- and L-KDP were converted not only to α-ketoglutarate, but also pyruvate and glycolate through the participation of dehydrogenase and hydrolase (Route III). Further analyses revealed that the Route II pathway of D-arabinose metabolism was not evolutionally related to the analogous pathway from archaea.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Computational Biology; Herbaspirillum; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Multigene Family; Pentoses; Phosphorylation
PubMed: 30655589
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36774-6 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Transgenic technology has been widely applied to crop development, with genetically modified (GM) maize being the world's second-largest GM crop. Despite the fact that...
Differential assembly of root-associated bacterial and fungal communities of a dual transgenic insect-resistant maize line at different host niches and different growth stages.
Transgenic technology has been widely applied to crop development, with genetically modified (GM) maize being the world's second-largest GM crop. Despite the fact that rhizosphere bacterial and fungal populations are critical regulators of plant performance, few studies have evaluated the influence of GM maize on these communities. Plant materials used in this study included the control maize line B73 and the and dual transgenic insect-resistant maize line 2A-7. The plants and soils samples were sampled at three growth stages (jointing, flowering, and maturing stages), and the sampling compartments from the outside to the inside of the root are surrounding soil (SS), rhizospheric soil (RS), and intact root (RT), respectively. In this study, the results of alpha diversity revealed that from the outside to the inside of the root, the community richness and diversity declined while community coverage increased. Morever, the different host niches of maize rhizosphere and maize development stages influenced beta diversity according to statistical analysis. The GM maize line 2A-7 had no significant influence on the composition of microbial communities when compared to B73. Compared to RS and SS, the host niche RT tended to deplete Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes and Mortierellomycota at phylum level. Nitrogen-fixation bacteria , , , and were found to be enriched in the niche RT in comparison to RS and SS, whilst was found to be increased and was found to be decreased at the maturing stage as compared to jointing and flowering stages. The nitrogen fixation protein FixH (clusters of orthologous groups, COG5456), was found to be abundant in RT. Furthermore, the pathogen fungus that causes maize stalk rot, , was found to be abundant in RT, while the beneficial fungus was found to be depleted in RT. Lastly, the abundance of gradually increased during the development of maize. In conclusion, the host niches throughout the soil-plant continuum rather than the Bt insect-resistant gene or Bt protein secretion were primarily responsible for the differential assembly of root-associated microbial communities in GM maize, which provides the theoretical basis for ecological agriculture.
PubMed: 36246225
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1023971 -
Plant Disease Aug 2023Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) samples were submitted by a nursery operation in Florida separately to the University of Florida Plant Diagnostic Center (UFPDC,...
Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) samples were submitted by a nursery operation in Florida separately to the University of Florida Plant Diagnostic Center (UFPDC, Gainesville, FL) and to the North Carolina State University Plant and Pest Diagnostic Lab (NCSU PPDL, Raleigh, NC) in October 2021. Symptoms included tan spots on pinnules, some of which progressed into pinnule blight (Fig. S1). Bacterial streaming was noted from samples in both labs. Leaf spot margins were excised, macerated in sterile tap water, then streaked onto nutrient agar (NA) plates and incubated for 48 h at 27°C. Individual representative colonies that were opaque, creamy white, mucoid, and round with smooth margins were transferred and streaked onto additional NA plates. One strain from each lab (G21-1742, UFPDC and NC40101, NCSU PPDL) was selected for subsequent characterization. A suspension of each strain was adjusted to 108 CFU/mL and infiltrated into tobacco and tomato leaves, and confluent necrosis was observed 72 h after infiltration. The isolates were Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, HR-positive on tomato and tobacco, aerobic, not pectolytic, and nonfluorescent on King's Medium B. DNA was extracted from G21-1742 using Qiagen Stool kit (Qiagen cat#51604) and the 16S rRNA gene from strain G21-1742 was amplified using 16SrRNA universal primers UP1 (5'-TACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATA-3') and UP2 (5'-AGTAAGGAGGGTATCCAACCGCA-3') (Kuppusamy et al. 2014). The amplicon was sequenced and submitted to NCBI (Genbank Accession No. OR004801). BLASTn analysis of 16S rRNA of G21-1742 resulted in 99.7% sequence identity to the type strain of Herbaspirillum huttiense subsp. huttiense ATCC 14670T (Genbank Accession NR_024698). The 16S rRNA sequence of NC40101 was identical to that of G21-1742. To determine if the G21-1742 strain was pathogenic, Boston fern plants were inoculated by suspending bacterial cells in tap water from a 24h culture grown on NA, adjusting the suspension to 108 CFU/mL and spraying the suspension on one three-week old frond from each of three healthy Boston fern plants. A second frond from each plant was sprayed with sterile tap water. Each treated frond was individually sealed in a clear plastic bag for 24h at approximately 25°C. Inoculated plants remained on the greenhouse bench after the plastic bags were removed. The inoculation experiment was repeated once. After 4 days, tan spots were observed on pinnules of inoculated plants that were identical to the original submitted samples, while no symptoms developed on water-inoculated plants. Bacterial strains were reisolated from symptomatic plants and were morphologically identical to G21-1742. The 16S rRNA sequence of the reisolated strain was identical to G21-1742. Additionally, we conducted MLSA analysis using 12 housekeeping genes (See Table S2 for housekeeping genes and accession numbers) from the fern strains and the corresponding housekeeping genes for the type strains of 13 Herbaspirillum species, which placed the fern strains most closely with H. huttiense (see Fig. S2). This is the first known report of a Herbaspirillum sp. on Boston fern, an important ornamental crop, that renders the plants aesthetically unsaleable. Previously, a Herbaspirillum sp. was reported in Florida to cause a leaf spot and blight on greenhouse grown tomato seedlings (Obradovic et al. 2007).
PubMed: 37537792
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-06-23-1115-PDN -
PeerJ 2023Mining deposits often contain high levels of toxic elements such as mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) representing strong environmental hazards. The purpose of this study...
BACKGROUND
Mining deposits often contain high levels of toxic elements such as mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) representing strong environmental hazards. The purpose of this study was the isolation for plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPBs) that can improve phytoremediation of such mine waste deposits.
METHODS
We isolated native soil bacteria from the rhizosphere of plants of mine waste deposits and agricultural land that was previously mine tailings from Tlalpujahua Michoacán, Mexico, and were identified by their fatty acid profile according to the MIDI Sherlock system. Plant growth promoting traits of all bacterial isolates were examined including production of 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA), siderophores, biofilm formation, and phosphate solubilization. Finally, the response of selected bacteria to mercury and arsenic was examined an assay.
RESULTS
A total 99 bacterial strains were isolated and 48 identified, representing 34 species belonging to 23 genera. Sixty six percent of the isolates produced IAA of which TL97 produced the most. TL36 performed best in terms of phosphate solubilization and production of siderophores. In terms of biofilm formation, TL76 was the best.
DISCUSSION
Most of the bacteria isolates showed high level of tolerance to the arsenic (as HAsNaO and AsNaO), whereas most isolates were susceptible to HgCl. Three of the selected bacteria with PGP traits TL36, TL49 and TL52 were also tolerant to high concentrations of mercury chloride, this might could be used for restoring or phytoremediating the adverse environmental conditions present in mine waste deposits.
Topics: Arsenic; Mercury; Biodegradation, Environmental; Siderophores; Metals, Heavy; Bacteria; Alphaproteobacteria; Soil; Phosphates
PubMed: 36650835
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14697 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Nov 2020Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endocardium and/or heart valves that involves thrombus formation (vegetation). This condition might damage the...
Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endocardium and/or heart valves that involves thrombus formation (vegetation). This condition might damage the endocardial tissue and/or valves. An indwelling central venous catheter is a major risk factor for bacteremia at-risked pediatric populations such as premature infants; children with cancer and/or connective tissue disorders. Herbaspirillum huttiense is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacillus that may cause bacteremia and pneumonia rarely in this fragile population. Herein we report the very first case of bacteremia and IE in a pediatric oncology patient caused by H. huttiense.
Topics: Adolescent; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Herbaspirillum; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Osteosarcoma; Pseudomonas Infections
PubMed: 33296351
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.13001 -
Plant Disease Jul 2007A leaf spot and blighting were observed on leaves of tomato transplants from a producer in Florida in 2001 and 2002. A nonfluorescent bacterium was isolated consistently...
A leaf spot and blighting were observed on leaves of tomato transplants from a producer in Florida in 2001 and 2002. A nonfluorescent bacterium was isolated consistently from affected tissue. The typical bacterium was a gram negative, strictly aerobic, slightly curved rod with one or two flagella. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA indicated that two representative strains, F1 and SE1, had greater than 99% nucleotide sequence identity with Herbaspirillum huttiense and H. rubrisubalbicans. The cellular fatty acid composition of the total of 16 tomato strains was very similar to H. huttiense and H. rubrisubalbicans. Based on carbon utilization, six of nine strains tested with the Biolog system were identified as Herbaspirillum spp. The tomato strains were oxidase positive and grew at 40°C, but were negative for levan production, pectate hydrolysis, and arginine dihydrolase activity. Based upon this polyphasic analysis, we concluded that the strains were most closely related to H. huttiense, although placement in this species would require further analyses. However, the tomato strains and H. rubrisubalbicans, but not H. huttiense, caused confluent necrosis when infiltrated at high concentrations into tomato leaves and were able to produce leaf spot symptoms on inoculated tomato seedlings in the greenhouse. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we determined that there was considerable variability between the strains collected in 2001 and 2002.
PubMed: 30780401
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-91-7-0886 -
Molecular Microbiology Jul 2019The gene context in microorganism genomes is of considerable help for identifying potential substrates. The C785_RS13685 gene in Herbaspirillum huttiense IAM 15032 is a...
Substrate and metabolic promiscuities of d-altronate dehydratase family proteins involved in non-phosphorylative d-arabinose, sugar acid, l-galactose and l-fucose pathways from bacteria.
The gene context in microorganism genomes is of considerable help for identifying potential substrates. The C785_RS13685 gene in Herbaspirillum huttiense IAM 15032 is a member of the d-altronate dehydratase protein family, and which functions as a d-arabinonate dehydratase in vitro, is clustered with genes related to putative pentose metabolism. In the present study, further biochemical characterization and gene expression analyses revealed that l-xylonate is a physiological substrate that is ultimately converted to α-ketoglutarate via so-called Route II of a non-phosphorylative pathway. Several hexonates, including d-altronate, d-idonate and l-gluconate, which are also substrates of C785_RS13685, also significantly up-regulated the gene cluster containing C785_RS13685, suggesting a possibility that pyruvate and d- or l-glycerate were ultimately produced (novel Route III). On the contrary, ACAV_RS08155 of Acidovorax avenae ATCC 19860, a homologous gene to C785_RS13685, functioned as a d-altronate dehydratase in a novel l-galactose pathway, through which l-galactonate was epimerized at the C5 position by the sequential activity of two dehydrogenases, resulting in d-altronate. Furthermore, this pathway completely overlapped with Route III of the non-phosphorylative l-fucose pathway. The 'substrate promiscuity' of d-altronate dehydratase protein(s) is significantly expanded to 'metabolic promiscuity' in the d-arabinose, sugar acid, l-fucose and l-galactose pathways.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Arabinose; Cloning, Molecular; Fucose; Galactose; Genome, Bacterial; Gluconates; Herbaspirillum; Hydro-Lyases; Multigene Family; Sugar Acids
PubMed: 30985034
DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14259 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 2015Herbaspirillum spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that inhabit soil and water. Infections caused by these organisms have been reported in immunocompromised hosts. We...
Herbaspirillum spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that inhabit soil and water. Infections caused by these organisms have been reported in immunocompromised hosts. We describe severe community-acquired pneumonia and bacteremia caused by Herbaspirillum aquaticum or H. huttiense in an immunocompetent adult male.
Topics: Bacteremia; Bacteriological Techniques; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Community-Acquired Infections; Herbaspirillum; Humans; Male; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Radiography, Thoracic; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 26179298
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01324-15