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Environment International Aug 2023Several studies have reported that prenatal exposure to some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is associated with higher adiposity in childhood. Few studies have...
BACKGROUND
Several studies have reported that prenatal exposure to some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is associated with higher adiposity in childhood. Few studies have assessed whether this finding persists into adolescence, and few have considered exposure to POPs as a mixture. This study aims to assess the association between prenatal exposure to multiple POPs and adiposity markers and blood pressure in preadolescents.
METHODS
This study included 1667 mother-child pairs enrolled in the PELAGIE (France) and the INMA (Spain) mother-child cohorts. Three polychlorobiphenyls (PCB 138, 153 and 180, treated as a sum of PCBs) and three organochlorine pesticides (p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [p,p'-DDE], β-hexachlorocyclohexane [β-HCH], and hexachlorobenzene [HCB]) were assessed in maternal or cord serum. Body mass index z-score (zBMI), abdominal obesity (waist-to-height ratio > 0.5), percentage of fat mass, and blood pressure (mmHg) were measured at around 12 years of age. Single-exposure associations were studied using linear or logistic regressions, and the POP mixture effect was evaluated using quantile G-computation (qgComp) and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). All models were adjusted for potential confounders and performed for boys and girls together and separately.
RESULTS
Prenatal exposure to the POP mixture was associated with higher zBMI (beta [95 % CI] of the qgComp = 0.15 [0.07; 0.24]) and percentage of fat mass (0.83 [0.31; 1.35]), with no evidence of sex-specific association. These mixture effects were also statistically significant using BKMR. These associations were driven mainly by exposure to HCB and, to a lesser extent, to β-HCH. In addition, the single-exposure models showed an association between β-HCH and p,p'-DDE and higher systolic blood pressure, especially in girls (p,p'-DDE for girls = 1.00 [0.15; 1.86]). No significant associations were found for PCBs.
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that prenatal exposure to POPs, particularly organochlorine pesticides, remains associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic health up to the age of 12.
Topics: Male; Pregnancy; Female; Adolescent; Humans; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Persistent Organic Pollutants; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Blood Pressure; Environmental Exposure; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Hexachlorobenzene; Adiposity; Bayes Theorem; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Environmental Pollutants; Obesity; Pesticides
PubMed: 37379720
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108056 -
International Journal of Epidemiology Aug 2018Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing worldwide for reasons largely unknown and environmental chemicals with neurotoxic properties, such as...
Prenatal and postnatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder: a pooled analysis of seven European birth cohort studies.
BACKGROUND
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing worldwide for reasons largely unknown and environmental chemicals with neurotoxic properties, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have been proposed to play a role. We investigated the association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl-153 (PCB-153), p-p´-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p-p'-DDE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and ADHD in childhood.
METHODS
We pooled seven European birth cohort studies encompassing 4437 mother-child pairs from the general population with concentrations of PCB-153, p-p´-DDE and HCB measured in cord blood, maternal blood or milk. We then calculated prenatal (birth) and postnatal (3, 6, 12 and 24 months) POP concentrations using a pharmacokinetic model. The operational definition of ADHD varied across cohorts and ranged from doctor diagnosis obtained from patient registries to maternal or teachers reports. We used multilevel (mixed) logistic regression models to estimate the associations between exposure to POPs at birth, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months and ADHD.
RESULTS
The global prevalence of ADHD in our study was 6%. The mean age at assessment of ADHD was 5.8 years (range: 3.8-9.5 years). We found no association between exposure to PCB-153, p-p´-DDE and HCB at any age point between birth and 24 months and ADHD, in the pooled analyses (pooled odds ratios ranging from 1.00 to 1.01). A number of sensitivity analyses gave basically the same results.
CONCLUSIONS
In the largest study to date of 4437 children in seven European birth cohorts, we did not observe any association between either pre- or postnatal exposure (up to 24 months) to PCB-153, p-p´-DDE and HCB and the risk of ADHD before the age of 10 years.
Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants; Europe; Female; Fetal Blood; Hexachlorobenzene; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Maternal Exposure; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
PubMed: 29912347
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy052 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jul 2009A novel aerobic pentachloronitrobenzene-degrading bacterium, Nocardioides sp. strain PD653, was isolated from an enrichment culture in a soil-charcoal perfusion system....
A novel aerobic pentachloronitrobenzene-degrading bacterium, Nocardioides sp. strain PD653, was isolated from an enrichment culture in a soil-charcoal perfusion system. The bacterium also degraded hexachlorobenzene, a highly recalcitrant environmental pollutant, accompanying the generation of chloride ions. Liberation of (14)CO(2) from [U-ring-(14)C]hexachlorobenzene was detected in a culture of the bacterium and indicates that strain PD653 is able to mineralize hexachlorobenzene under aerobic conditions. The metabolic pathway of hexachlorobenzene is initiated by oxidative dechlorination to produce pentachlorophenol. As further intermediate metabolites, tetrachlorohydroquinone and 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone have been detected. Strain PD653 is the first naturally occurring aerobic bacteria capable of mineralizing hexachlorobenzene.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Aerobiosis; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chlorides; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Hexachlorobenzene; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Molecular Sequence Data; Nitrobenzenes; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 19429557
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02329-08 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Nov 1986By-products of disinfection were tested for initiating and/or promoting activity in rat liver by using the rat liver foci bioassay. The assay uses an increased incidence... (Review)
Review
By-products of disinfection were tested for initiating and/or promoting activity in rat liver by using the rat liver foci bioassay. The assay uses an increased incidence of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive foci (GGT foci) as an indicator of carcinogenicity. The by-products of disinfection, including chloramine, halogenated humic acids, halogenated ethanes, halogenated acetonitriles, halogenated methanes, halogenated ethylenes, and N-Cl-piperidine, did not initiate GGT foci, which would indicate that they are not capable of initiating carcinogenesis. Chloroform and halogenated benzenes were tested in this assay for their ability to promote the occurrence of GGT foci and tumors initiated by diethylnitrosamine (DENA). Chloroform (1800 ppm in the drinking water) either had no effect or inhibited the occurrence of GGT foci when administered subsequent to a single dose of DENA. However, when the chloroform was administered in drinking water concurrently with weekly doses of DENA, it enhanced the formation of liver tumors. Of 20 halogenated benzenes tested, only 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene promoted the occurrence of DENA-initiated GGT foci. Thus in rat liver, the tested by-products of drinking water disinfection did not demonstrate tumor-initiating activity, although a few appeared to possess tumor-promoting activity. Chloroform was also tested for tumor-promoting activity in 15-day-old Swiss mice initiated with ethylnitrosourea (ENU). At weaning they started to receive either 1800 ppm chloroform or 500 ppm sodium phenobarbital (the positive control for tumor promotion) in their drinking water. The mice continued to receive either chloroform or phenobarbital until 51 weeks of age and were sacrificed at 52 weeks of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Disinfectants; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Male; Mice; Mutagenicity Tests; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Water Supply; gamma-Glutamyltransferase
PubMed: 2880712
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.866959 -
Environmental Research Apr 2022It is important to identify the factors that influence the prevalence of disinhibitory behaviors, as tobacco and alcohol use in adolescence is a strong predictor of...
It is important to identify the factors that influence the prevalence of disinhibitory behaviors, as tobacco and alcohol use in adolescence is a strong predictor of continued use and substance abuse into adulthood. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants that pose a potential risk to the developing fetus and offspring long-term health. We examined associations between prenatal exposure OCPs and their metabolites (i.e., p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT, oxychlordane, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB)), both as a mixture and single compounds, and alcohol consumption and smoking at adolescence in a sample (n = 554) from the Child Health and Development Studies prospective birth cohort. Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression demonstrated a trend of higher risk of alcohol use and smoking with higher quartile mixture levels. Single-component analysis showed increased odds of smoking and drinking with increases in lipid-adjusted p,p'-DDE serum levels (aOR = 2.06, 95% CI 0.99-4.31, p = 0.05, per natural log unit increase). We found significant effect modification in these associations by sex with higher p,p'-DDT serum levels (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.09-0.076, p = 0.01, per natural log unit increase) was associated with lower odds of smoking and drinking in female adolescents, while higher p,p'-DDE serum levels (aOR = 2.98, 95% CI 1.04-8.51, p = 0.04, per natural log unit increase) was associated with higher odds of the outcomes. Results of the mutually adjusted model were not significant for male adolescents. Further research to understand reasons for these sex-differences are warranted.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bayes Theorem; Child; DDT; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Drinking Behavior; Female; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Male; Pesticides; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prospective Studies; Smoking
PubMed: 34848208
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112431 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Jul 2022Decades of atmospheric and oceanic long-range transport from lower latitudes have resulted in deposition and storage of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Arctic...
Decades of atmospheric and oceanic long-range transport from lower latitudes have resulted in deposition and storage of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Arctic regions. With increased temperatures, melting glaciers and thawing permafrost may serve as a secondary source of these stored POPs to freshwater and marine ecosystems. Here, we present concentrations and composition of legacy POPs in glacier- and permafrost-influenced rivers and coastal waters in the high Arctic Svalbard fjord Kongsfjorden. Targeted contaminants include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and chlordane pesticides. Dissolved (defined as fraction filtered through 0.7 μm GF/F filter) and particulate samples were collected from rivers and near-shore fjord stations along a gradient from the heavily glaciated inner fjord to the tundra-dominated catchments at the outer fjord. There were no differences in contaminant concentration or pattern between glacier and tundra-dominated catchments, and the general contaminant pattern reflected snow melt with some evidence of pesticides released with glacial meltwater. Rivers were a small source of chlordane pesticides, DDTs and particulate HCB to the marine system and the particle-rich glacial meltwater contained higher concentrations of particle associated contaminants compared to the fjord. This study provides rare insight into the role of small Arctic rivers in transporting legacy contaminants from thawing catchments to coastal areas. Results indicate that the spring thaw is a source of contaminants to Kongsfjorden, and that expected increases in runoff on Svalbard and elsewhere in the Arctic could have implications for the contamination of Arctic coastal food-webs.
Topics: Arctic Regions; Chlordan; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Hexachlorobenzene; Pesticides; Rivers; Svalbard
PubMed: 35364186
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119191 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2022Anthropogenic pressure such as agricultural pollution globally affects amphibian populations. In this study, a total of 178 different compounds from five agrochemical...
Anthropogenic pressure such as agricultural pollution globally affects amphibian populations. In this study, a total of 178 different compounds from five agrochemical groups (i.e. antimicrobial drugs residues (ADRs), coccidiostats and anthelmintics, heavy metals, mycotoxins and pesticides) were determined monthly, from March until June 2019 in 26 amphibian breeding ponds in Flanders, Belgium. Furthermore, a possible correlation between the number and concentration of selected contaminants that were found and the percentage of arable land within a 200 m radius was studied. Within each group, the highest detected concentrations were obtained for 4-epioxytetracycline (0.422 μg L), levamisole (0.550 μg L), zinc (333.1 μg L), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (0.013 μg L), and terbuthylazine (38.7 μg L), respectively, with detection frequencies ranging from 1 (i.e. 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol) to 26 (i.e. zinc) out of 26 ponds. Based on reported acute and chronic ecotoxicological endpoints, detected concentrations of bifenthrin, cadmium, copper, cypermethrin, hexachlorobenzene, mercury, terbuthylazine, and zinc pose a substantial ecological risk to aquatic invertebrates such as Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia, which both play a role in the food web and potentially in amphibian disease dynamics. Additionally, the detected concentrations of copper were high enough to exert chronic toxicity in the gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor). The number of detected compounds per pond ranged between 0 and 5 (ADRs), 0 - 2 (coccidiostats and anthelmintics), 1 - 7 (heavy metals), 0 - 4 (mycotoxins), and 0 - 12 (pesticides) across the four months. Furthermore, no significant correlation was demonstrated between the number of detected compounds per pond, as well as the detected concentrations of 4-epioxytetracycline, levamisole, copper, zinc, enniatin B and terbuthylazine, and the percentage of arable land within a 200 m radius. For heavy metals and pesticides, the number of compounds per pond varied significantly between months. Conclusively, amphibian breeding ponds in Flanders were frequently contaminated with agrochemicals, yielding concentrations up to the high μg per liter level, regardless of the percentage surrounding arable land, however showing temporal variation for heavy metals and pesticides. This research also identifies potential hazardous substances which may be added to the European watch list (CD 2018/408/EC) in the future.
Topics: Amphibians; Animals; Environmental Monitoring; Metals, Heavy; Ponds; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34597541
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150661 -
Medicina 2021Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an endocrine disruptor and a liver tumor promoter. Deregulation of...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an endocrine disruptor and a liver tumor promoter. Deregulation of thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis may play a significant role in early neoplastic transformation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between TH metabolism and the regulation of cell growth in an in vivo and in vitro model. We examined the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on TH deiodinase expression and hepatocyte proliferation. An initiation (DEN)/promotion (HCB) tumor model from rat liver and HepG2 cells were used. We evaluated PCNA, p21, p27, SMAD2/3, TGF-β1, deiodinase 1 (D1), D3, protein expression levels; D1 and D3 mRNA expression; TH and TGF-β1, D1, D3, and GST-P protein levels in focal/non-focal areas. In vivo, HCB decreased triiodothyronine (T3) and D1 mRNA levels and increased thyroxine (T4) and D3 mRNA levels in liver from DEN+HCB vs. DEN group. HCB increased protein levels from D3, TGF-β1, and PCNA and decreased D1 in focal-areas. In vitro, HCB increased PCNA, pSMAD 2/3, and TGF-β1 protein levels and mRNA expression and decreased p21 and p27 protein levels. Exogenous T3 treatment prevent HCB induced molecular alterations related to hepatocyte proliferation whereas T4 did not have any effect. These effects were prevented by using a TGF-β1 receptor II inhibitor. Results suggest that alteration of TH homeostasis, through D1 function, play a key role in hepatocyte proliferation and that TGF-β1-SMAD pathway is involved in this process confirming their role in early neoplastic transformation in HCC.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Proliferation; Iodide Peroxidase; Liver Neoplasms; Rats; Transforming Growth Factor beta1
PubMed: 34137693
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022The species of is the most common human pathogen of the genus, which can be associated with acute appendicitis, infections of the bloodstream, the peritoneal cavity,...
The species of is the most common human pathogen of the genus, which can be associated with acute appendicitis, infections of the bloodstream, the peritoneal cavity, cerebrospinal fluid, inflammatory bowel disease, and in general, bacteremia. According to the literature, has destructive activity to a wide range of toxic chemical compounds, including chlorobenzenes. The specified strains were isolated from the soil of the organochlorine waste landfill, where hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was predominant. These strains were expected to be capable of degrading HCB. Microbiological (bacterial enrichment and cultivating, bacterial biomass obtaining), molecular biology, biochemical (enzymatic activities, malondialdehyde measuring, peroxidation lipid products measuring), and statistical methods were carried out in this research. The reaction of both strains (UCM B-400 and UCM B-401) to the hexachlorobenzene presence differed in the content of diene and triene conjugates and malondialdehyde, as well as different catalase and peroxidase activity levels. In terms of primary peroxidation products, diene conjugates were lower, except conditions with 20 mg/L HCB, where these were higher up to two times, than the pure control. Malondialdehyde in strain B-400 cells decreased up to five times, in B-401, but increased up to two times, compared to the pure control. Schiff bases in strain B-400 cells were 2-3 times lower than the pure control. However, in B-401 cells Schiff bases under higher HCB dose were in the same level with the pure control. Catalase activity was 1.5 times higher in all experimental variants, compared to the pure control (in the strain B-401 cells), but in the B-400 strain, cells were 2 times lower, compared to the pure control. The response of the two strains to hexachlorobenzene was similar only in peroxidase activity terms, which was slightly higher compared to the pure control. The physiological response of strains to hexachlorobenzene has a typical strain reaction. The physiological response level of these strains to hexachlorobenzene confirms its tolerance, and indirectly, the ability to destroy the specified toxic compound.
Topics: Antioxidants; Catalase; Chlorobenzenes; Comamonas testosteroni; Hexachlorobenzene; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipids; Malondialdehyde; Schiff Bases; Soil
PubMed: 36232717
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911415 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jul 1992The potential for enhanced mobility of hydrophobic pollutants by cotransport with bacteria in saturated soils was evaluated from measurements of biosorption of...
The potential for enhanced mobility of hydrophobic pollutants by cotransport with bacteria in saturated soils was evaluated from measurements of biosorption of 14C-labeled hexachlorobenzene and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) to five strains of soil and sewage bacteria. The sorption process could be described by a linear partition equation and appeared to be reversible, but desorption kinetics were slow and/or partly irreversible. The DDT partition coefficients varied with equilibration time, possibly reflecting DDT-induced changes in the physiology of the bacteria. The partition coefficients, normalized to the masses of the bacteria, ranged from 250 to 14,000 for live cells, but the largest coefficients were associated with autoclaved cells of a Pseudomonas sp. The sorptive capacity of the bacterial biomass was greater for DDT than for hexachlorobenzene but was not correlated to overall bacterial hydrophobicity, measured by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. In a column study, 1.2 x 10(9) cells of a Bacillus sp. strain per ml enhanced DDT transport about 8-fold, whereas an advective-dispersive-sorptive equilibrium model for two mobile phases, water and free-living bacteria, suggested a 14-fold enhancement, based on the DDT partition coefficient. The disagreement was in part due to a retarded nonequilibrium movement of the bacteria. Model calculations based on literature data covering a wide range of organisms and compounds suggested that 10(6) cells ml-1 would increase the mobility of very hydrophobic compounds (log octanol-water partition coefficient [K(ow) of greater than or equal to 6), whereas higher densities of bacteria (10(8) cells ml-1) would have a significant impact on compounds with a log K(ow) of greater than or equal to 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Adsorption; Bacteria; Biological Transport, Active; Biotransformation; DDT; Hexachlorobenzene; Models, Biological; Soil Microbiology; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 1637158
DOI: 10.1128/aem.58.7.2211-2218.1992