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Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Nov 2017- Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignant neoplasm and is a frequently encountered diagnosis in dermatopathology. Although BCC may be locally... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
- Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignant neoplasm and is a frequently encountered diagnosis in dermatopathology. Although BCC may be locally destructive, it rarely metastasizes. Many diagnostic entities display morphologic and immunophenotypic overlap with BCC, including nonneoplastic processes, such as follicular induction over dermatofibroma; benign follicular tumors, such as trichoblastoma, trichoepithelioma, or basaloid follicular hamartoma; and malignant tumors, such as sebaceous carcinoma or Merkel cell carcinoma. Thus, misdiagnosis has significant potential to result in overtreatment or undertreatment.
OBJECTIVE
- To review key features distinguishing BCC from histologic mimics, including current evidence regarding immunohistochemical markers useful for that distinction.
DATA SOURCES
- Review of pertinent literature on BCC immunohistochemistry and differential diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS
- In most cases, BCC can be reliably diagnosed by histopathologic features. Immunohistochemistry may provide useful ancillary data in certain cases. Awareness of potential mimics is critical to avoid misdiagnosis and resulting inappropriate management.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Hamartoma; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Immunophenotyping; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 29072946
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0222-RA -
Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) Jul 2021Intracranial mesenchymal tumors with FET-CREB fusions are a recently described group of neoplasms in children and young adults characterized by fusion of a FET family...
Intracranial mesenchymal tumor with FET-CREB fusion-A unifying diagnosis for the spectrum of intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumors and angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma-like neoplasms.
Intracranial mesenchymal tumors with FET-CREB fusions are a recently described group of neoplasms in children and young adults characterized by fusion of a FET family gene (usually EWSR1, but rarely FUS) to a CREB family transcription factor (ATF1, CREB1, or CREM), and have been variously termed intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma or intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumor. The clinical outcomes, histologic features, and genomic landscape are not well defined. Here, we studied 20 patients with intracranial mesenchymal tumors proven to harbor FET-CREB fusion by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The 16 female and four male patients had a median age of 14 years (range 4-70). Tumors were uniformly extra-axial or intraventricular and located at the cerebral convexities (n = 7), falx (2), lateral ventricles (4), tentorium (2), cerebellopontine angle (4), and spinal cord (1). NGS demonstrated that eight tumors harbored EWSR1-ATF1 fusion, seven had EWSR1-CREB1, four had EWSR1-CREM, and one had FUS-CREM. Tumors were uniformly well circumscribed and typically contrast enhancing with solid and cystic growth. Tumors with EWSR1-CREB1 fusions more often featured stellate/spindle cell morphology, mucin-rich stroma, and hemangioma-like vasculature compared to tumors with EWSR1-ATF1 fusions that most often featured sheets of epithelioid cells with mucin-poor collagenous stroma. These tumors demonstrated polyphenotypic immunoprofiles with frequent positivity for desmin, EMA, CD99, MUC4, and synaptophysin, but absence of SSTR2A, myogenin, and HMB45 expression. There was a propensity for local recurrence with a median progression-free survival of 12 months and a median overall survival of greater than 60 months, with three patients succumbing to disease (all with EWSR1-ATF1 fusions). In combination with prior case series, this study provides further insight into intracranial mesenchymal tumors with FET-CREB fusion, which represent a distinct group of CNS tumors encompassing both intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumor and angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma-like neoplasms.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Gene Fusion; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; Young Adult
PubMed: 33141488
DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12918 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2017We report a case of dermatomyofibroma that, to our knowledge, is the second case reported in Brazil. About 100 cases have been reported worldwide. Dermatomyofibroma...
We report a case of dermatomyofibroma that, to our knowledge, is the second case reported in Brazil. About 100 cases have been reported worldwide. Dermatomyofibroma represents a rare, benign mesenchymal neoplasm of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic differentiation, with prolonged evolution and little or no symptoms. It most commonly occurs in young women and male children. Dermatomyofibroma can be easily confused with other clinical entities, which could lead to unnecessary treatments. Therefore, it is important that dermatologists and pediatricians suspect and start to consider this hypothesis in their diagnostic exercises.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 28225965
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20175189 -
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen... Aug 2012Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a rare neoplastic disease of the skin. Since the term was coined in the early 1960s, the disease has been viewed in many ways. For a long... (Review)
Review
Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a rare neoplastic disease of the skin. Since the term was coined in the early 1960s, the disease has been viewed in many ways. For a long time AFX was regarded as a superficial variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). When the concept of MFH was re-evaluated and the term "undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma" (UPS) introduced, the controversy about the nature of AFX increased. The following review aims at providing an understanding of the present status of diagnosis and therapy of AFX based on the historical context and current data.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Skin Neoplasms; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 22709412
DOI: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2012.07980.x -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Nov 2016
Topics: Actins; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Knee; Male; Melanoma; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Scleroderma, Localized; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 27238741
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.04.014 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2013Dermatofibroma is a benign fibrohistiocytic tumor, common and easily diagnosed when classical clinicopathologic features are present. The atrophic variant of...
Dermatofibroma is a benign fibrohistiocytic tumor, common and easily diagnosed when classical clinicopathologic features are present. The atrophic variant of dermatofibroma is of uncertain origin. This lesion is characterized clinically by a flat or atrophic and depressible surface. Histopathological features show reduction of the thickness of the dermis and elastic fibers. We report a typical case of this uncommon and probably underdiagnosed variant.
Topics: Atrophy; Cell Proliferation; Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Middle Aged; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 24173186
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132234 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2014We report the case of an 11-year-old male patient with a histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of dermatofibroma with an atypical clinical presentation on...
We report the case of an 11-year-old male patient with a histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of dermatofibroma with an atypical clinical presentation on the right forearm. Although dermatofibroma is considered a benign skin tumor, some of its differential diagnoses, such as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, are truly aggressive. Lesions with atypical clinical aspects and topology associated with specific histopathological variants are some of the criteria for complete tumor excision.
Topics: Biopsy; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Forearm; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Male; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 24937835
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142507 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Sep 2019
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Nose
PubMed: 31429651
DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.5.537 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2013Acrokeratosis Paraneoplastica or Bazex syndrome is a dermatologic manifestation usually associated with the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper...
Acrokeratosis Paraneoplastica or Bazex syndrome is a dermatologic manifestation usually associated with the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. We report a case with exuberant clinical manifestations, exemplifying the typical cutaneous lesions in this rare syndrome, in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Esophageal Neoplasms; Fatal Outcome; Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Hypotrichosis; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 24346922
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132488 -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2018Aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a type of fibrohistiocytic tumour. We present a case of a patient who presented with a skin papule on the thigh region....
Aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a type of fibrohistiocytic tumour. We present a case of a patient who presented with a skin papule on the thigh region. Histopathological examination following total excision of the lesion revealed an AFH. No sign of recurrence was present 6 months after surgery.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Male; Skin Neoplasms; Thigh
PubMed: 30108116
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225198