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Frontiers in Immunology 2018
Topics: Endothelial Cells; Endothelium, Vascular; Graft Rejection; Histocompatibility; Humans; Inflammation; Isoantibodies; Organ Transplantation
PubMed: 30581438
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02886 -
Transplantation Apr 2022Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a major barrier to long-term graft survival following solid organ transplantation (SOT). Major histocompatibility antigens... (Review)
Review
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a major barrier to long-term graft survival following solid organ transplantation (SOT). Major histocompatibility antigens mismatched between donor and recipient are well-recognized targets of humoral alloimmunity in SOT and thought to drive most cases of AMR. In contrast, the implication of minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAs) in AMR has not been fully investigated, and their clinical relevance remains controversial. Recent technological advances, allowing for genome-wide comparisons between donors and recipients, have uncovered novel, polymorphic mHA targets with potential influence on the graft outcome following SOT. Here, we review these latest studies relating to mHAs and discuss their clinical significance.
Topics: Antibody Formation; Graft Rejection; HLA Antigens; Histocompatibility; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; Organ Transplantation
PubMed: 34699457
DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003969 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020Autoimmune manifestations after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) are rare and poorly understood due to the complex interplay between the... (Review)
Review
Autoimmune manifestations after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) are rare and poorly understood due to the complex interplay between the reconstituting immune system and transplant-associated factors. While autoimmune manifestations following AHSCT have been observed in children with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), an alloimmune process, they are distinct from the latter in that they are generally restricted to the hematopoietic compartment, i.e., autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and/or neutropenia. Autoimmune cytopenias in the setting of ASHCT represent a donor against donor immune reaction. Non-hematologic autoimmune conditions in the post-AHSCT setting have been described and do not currently fall under the GvHD diagnostic criteria, but could represent alloimmunity since they arise from the donor immune attack on the antigens that are shared by the donor and host in the thyroid, peripheral and central nervous systems, integument, liver, and kidney. As in the non-transplant setting, autoimmune conditions are primarily antibody mediated. In this article we review the incidence, risk factors, potential pathophysiology, treatment, and prognosis of hematologic and non-hematologic autoimmune manifestations in children after AHSCT.
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Animals; Autoimmunity; Cell Self Renewal; Graft vs Host Disease; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Histocompatibility; Humans; Transplantation Conditioning; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 32983144
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02017 -
Haematologica May 2016Most hematological malignancies occur in older patients. Until recently these patients and those with comorbidities were not candidates for treatment with allogeneic... (Review)
Review
Most hematological malignancies occur in older patients. Until recently these patients and those with comorbidities were not candidates for treatment with allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation because they were unable to tolerate the heretofore used high-dose conditioning regimens. The finding that many of the cures achieved with allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation were due to graft-versus-tumor effects led to the development of less toxic and well-tolerated reduced intensity and nonmyeloablative regimens. These regimens enabled allogeneic engraftment, thereby setting the stage for graft-versus-tumor effects. This review summarizes the encouraging early results seen with the new regimens and discusses the two hurdles that need to be overcome for achieving even greater success, disease relapse and graft-versus-host disease.
Topics: Animals; Comorbidity; Disease Models, Animal; Graft vs Host Disease; Hematologic Neoplasms; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Histocompatibility; Humans; Mortality; Recurrence; Tissue Donors; Transplantation Chimera; Transplantation Conditioning; Transplantation, Homologous; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27132278
DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.132860 -
Human Immunology May 2021The semi-allogeneic fetus develops in a uniquely immune tolerant environment within the uterus. For successful pregnancy, both the innate and adaptive immune systems... (Review)
Review
The semi-allogeneic fetus develops in a uniquely immune tolerant environment within the uterus. For successful pregnancy, both the innate and adaptive immune systems must favor acceptance of the fetal allograft. Macrophages are the second most abundant immune cells after natural killer (NK) cells in the decidua. In coordination with decidual NK cells and dendritic cells, macrophages aid in implantation, vascular remodeling, placental development, immune tolerance to placental cells, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis at the maternal-fetal interface. Decidual macrophages show the classical activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes under the influence of the local milieu of growth factors and cytokines, and appropriate temporal regulation of the M1/M2 switch is vital for successful pregnancy. Disturbances in the mechanisms that control the M1/M2 balance and associated functions during pregnancy can trigger a spectrum of pregnancy complications ranging from preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction to preterm delivery. This review addresses various mechanisms of tolerance, focusing on the basic biology of macrophages, their plasticity and polarization, and their protective roles at the immune-privileged maternal-fetal interface, including direct and indirect roles in promoting fetomaternal immune tolerance.
Topics: Animals; Decidua; Female; Histocompatibility, Maternal-Fetal; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Macrophages; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Th1-Th2 Balance
PubMed: 33715911
DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.02.013 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022T-cell receptors (TR), the antigen receptors of T cells, specifically recognize peptides presented by the major histocompatibility (MH) proteins, as peptide/MH (pMH), on...
T-cell receptors (TR), the antigen receptors of T cells, specifically recognize peptides presented by the major histocompatibility (MH) proteins, as peptide/MH (pMH), on the cell surface. The structure characterization of the trimolecular TR/pMH complexes is crucial to the fields of immunology, vaccination, and immunotherapy. IMGT/3Dstructure-DB is the three-dimensional (3-D) structure database of IMGT, the international ImMunoGenetics information system. By its creation, IMGT marks the advent of immunoinformatics, which emerged at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics. The IMGT immunoglobulin (IG) and TR gene and allele nomenclature (CLASSIFICATION axiom) and the IMGT unique numbering and IMGT/Collier-de-Perles (NUMEROTATION axiom) are the two founding breakthroughs of immunoinformatics. IMGT-ONTOLOGY concepts and IMGT Scientific chart rules generated from these axioms allowed IMGT bridging genes, structures, and functions. IMGT/3Dstructure-DB contains 3-D structures of IG or antibodies, TR and MH proteins of the adaptive immune responses of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomata), IG or TR complexes with antigens (IG/Ag, TR/pMH), related proteins of the immune system of any species belonging to the IG and MH superfamilies, and fusion proteins for immune applications. The focus of this chapter is on the TR V domains and MH G domains and the contact analysis comparison in TR/pMH interactions. Standardized molecular characterization includes "IMGT pMH contact sites" for peptide and MH groove interactions and "IMGT paratopes and epitopes" for TR/pMH complexes. Data are available in the IMGT/3Dstructure database, at the IMGT Home page http://www.imgt.org .
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Binding Sites, Antibody; Carrier Proteins; Epitopes; Histocompatibility; Peptides; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
PubMed: 35622341
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2115-8_25 -
Immunology Feb 2017The MHC is a highly polymorphic genomic region that encodes the transplantation and immune regulatory molecules. It receives special attention for genetic investigation... (Review)
Review
The MHC is a highly polymorphic genomic region that encodes the transplantation and immune regulatory molecules. It receives special attention for genetic investigation because of its important role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and its strong association with numerous infectious and/or autoimmune diseases. The MHC locus was first discovered in the mouse and for the past 50 years it has been studied most intensively in both mice and humans. However, in recent years the macaque species have emerged as some of the more important and advanced experimental animal models for biomedical research into MHC with important human immunodeficiency virus/simian immunodeficiency virus and transplantation studies undertaken in association with precise MHC genotyping and haplotyping methods using Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing. Here, in this special issue on 'Macaque Immunology' we provide a short review of the genomic similarities and differences among the human, macaque and mouse MHC class I and class II regions, with an emphasis on the association of the macaque class I region with MHC polymorphism, haplotype structure and function.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Evolution, Molecular; Genomics; Genotype; Histocompatibility; Humans; Immunity; Infections; Macaca; Major Histocompatibility Complex; Mice; Physiology, Comparative; Polymorphism, Genetic
PubMed: 27395034
DOI: 10.1111/imm.12624 -
International Reviews of Immunology Feb 2013Corneal transplants have been successfully performed in human subjects for over 100 years and enjoy an immune privilege that is unrivaled in the field of... (Review)
Review
Corneal transplants have been successfully performed in human subjects for over 100 years and enjoy an immune privilege that is unrivaled in the field of transplantation. Immune privilege is defined as the reduced incidence and tempo in the immune rejection of corneal allografts compared to other categories of organ allografts performed under the same conditions. Skin allografts transplanted across various MHC or minor histocompatibility barriers undergo rejection in approximately 100% of the hosts. By contrast, orthotopic corneal allografts experience long-term survival in 50% to >90% of the hosts, depending on the histocompatibility barriers that confront the host. The capacity of corneal allografts to evade immune rejection is attributable to multiple anatomical, physiological and immunoregulatory conditions that conspire to prevent the induction and expression of alloimmunity.
Topics: Animals; Corneal Transplantation; Graft Survival; Histocompatibility; Humans; Immune Tolerance; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
PubMed: 23360158
DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2012.737877 -
American Journal of Transplantation :... Jan 2023The Sensitization in Transplantation: Assessment of Risk workgroup is a collaborative effort of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of...
The Sensitization in Transplantation: Assessment of Risk workgroup is a collaborative effort of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics that aims at providing recommendations for clinical testing, highlights gaps in current knowledge, and proposes areas for further research to enhance histocompatibility testing in support of solid organ transplantation. This report provides updates on topics discussed by the previous Sensitization in Transplantation: Assessment of Risk working groups and introduces 2 areas of exploration: non-human leukocyte antigen antibodies and utilization of human leukocyte antigen antibody testing measurement to evaluate the efficacy of antibody-removal therapies.
Topics: Organ Transplantation; Risk Factors; Histocompatibility; Histocompatibility Testing; Group Processes; Graft Rejection; Isoantibodies
PubMed: 36695615
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2022.11.009 -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine Dec 1971The lymph node cells from all L-glutamic acid and L-tyrosine (GT) responder random-bred guinea pigs were susceptible to lysis by strain 2 anti-strain 13 isoantisera in...
The lymph node cells from all L-glutamic acid and L-tyrosine (GT) responder random-bred guinea pigs were susceptible to lysis by strain 2 anti-strain 13 isoantisera in the presence of complement. These same antisera were cytolytic for lymph node cells of only some of the GT nonresponder animals. However, after absorption with cells, from a nonresponder guinea pig, susceptible to lysis, the anti-strain 13 antisera were no longer able to lyse cells from any GT nonresponder guinea pigs while retaining a large measure of their cytolytic activity for cells of all GT responder guinea pigs. Thus, at least two major strain 13 histocompatibility specificities are expressed on the cells of random-bred guinea pigs. The genetic locus controlling the expression of only one of those strain 13 histocompatibility specificities is linked to the GT immune response gene.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Chromium; Chromium Isotopes; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Genes, Dominant; Glutamates; Guinea Pigs; Haptens; Histocompatibility; Immunogenetics; Lymph Nodes; Peptides; Species Specificity; Tyrosine
PubMed: 5126639
DOI: 10.1084/jem.134.6.1538