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Missouri Medicine 2021
Topics: Hostility; Humans; Missouri; Vaccination; Vaccines
PubMed: 34658421
DOI: No ID Found -
Biology of Sex Differences Jan 2021Shorter telomere length (TL) may indicate premature cellular aging and increased risk for disease. While there is substantial evidence for shorter TL in individuals...
BACKGROUND
Shorter telomere length (TL) may indicate premature cellular aging and increased risk for disease. While there is substantial evidence for shorter TL in individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders, data is scarce on maladaptive personality traits related to coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of TL with hostility and defensiveness in individuals with CAD or other non-cardiovascular illnesses and whether associations were moderated by CAD status and sex.
METHODS
One thousand thirty-six individuals (M = 65.40 ± 6.73 years) with and without CAD completed the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale and the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. Relative TL was measured via quantitative polymerase chain reaction of total genomic DNA samples. Analyses involved hierarchical regressions on TL, performed separately for hostility and defensiveness, controlling for pertinent sociodemographic, behavioural, and medical risk factors. Separate analyses were performed on 25 healthy participants.
RESULTS
A hostility by sex interaction emerged (β = - .08, p = .006) in the patient groups, where greater hostility was associated with shorter TL in women only (p < .01). A Defensiveness by CAD status interaction (β = - .06, p = .049) revealed longer TL in more defensive CAD patients only (p = .06). In healthy men, shorter TL was observed in those with greater defensiveness (β = .52, p = .006) but lower hostility (β = - .43, p = .049).
CONCLUSION
Hostility and defensiveness are differentially associated with TL as a function of sex and health status. The implication of these results for health remains to be determined, but propose an additional pathway through which the effect of maladaptive personality traits may contribute to CV and other disease.
Topics: Aged; Coronary Artery Disease; Emotions; Female; Health Status; Hostility; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Sex Characteristics; Telomere
PubMed: 33397445
DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00349-w -
The British Journal of Psychiatry : the... Oct 2020A growing body of research suggests that childhood adversities are associated with later psychosis, broadly defined. However, there remain several gaps and unanswered...
BACKGROUND
A growing body of research suggests that childhood adversities are associated with later psychosis, broadly defined. However, there remain several gaps and unanswered questions. Most studies are of low-level psychotic experiences and findings cannot necessarily be extrapolated to psychotic disorders. Further, few studies have examined the effects of more fine-grained dimensions of adversity such as type, timing and severity.
AIMS
Using detailed data from the Childhood Adversity and Psychosis (CAPsy) study, we sought to address these gaps and examine in detail associations between a range of childhood adversities and psychotic disorder.
METHOD
CAPsy is population-based first-episode psychosis case-control study in the UK. In a sample of 374 cases and 301 controls, we collected extensive data on childhood adversities, in particular household discord, various forms of abuse and bullying, and putative confounders, including family history of psychotic disorder, using validated, semi-structured instruments.
RESULTS
We found strong evidence that all forms of childhood adversity were associated with around a two- to fourfold increased odds of psychotic disorder and that exposure to multiple adversities was associated with a linear increase in odds. We further found that severe forms of adversity, i.e. involving threat, hostility and violence, were most strongly associated with increased odds of disorder. More tentatively, we found that some adversities (e.g. bullying, sexual abuse) were more strongly associated with psychotic disorder if first occurrence was in adolescence.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings extend previous research on childhood adversity and suggest a degree of specificity for severe adversities involving threat, hostility and violence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child Abuse; Female; Hostility; Humans; Male; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 32778182
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2020.133 -
Journal of the American College of... Sep 2011
Topics: Female; Hostility; Humans; Male; Myocardial Ischemia
PubMed: 21903055
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.018 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2021The metabolism of bioamine in the central nervous system contributes to the development of addiction. We examined the roles of hostility and depression in the...
The metabolism of bioamine in the central nervous system contributes to the development of addiction. We examined the roles of hostility and depression in the association between internet gaming disorder (IGD) and monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) EcoRV polymorphism (rs1137070). A total of 69 adults with IGD and 138 without IGD were recruited through diagnostic interviewing. We evaluated participants for rs1137070, depression, and hostility. The participants with the TT genotype of rs1137070 had a higher odds ratio of 2.52 (1.37-4.64) for IGD compared with the C carriers. Expressive hostility behavior and hostility cognition mediated the association between rs1137070 and IGD. Indicating lower MAOA activity, the TT genotype predicted IGD and higher expressive hostility behavior and hostility cognition. Expressive hostility behavior and hostility cognition may underline the association between rs1137070 and IGD. Assessment of and intervention for hostility behavior and cognition should be provided to attenuate the risk of IGD, particularly in those with the TT genotype. Further brain imaging or neurobiological studies are required to elucidate the possible mechanism underlying the association between MAOA activity and IGD.
Topics: Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Depression; Hostility; Humans; Internet; Internet Addiction Disorder; Monoamine Oxidase; Polymorphism, Genetic; Video Games
PubMed: 34199135
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136910 -
Archivos de Cardiologia de Mexico 2023The Gender-Diverse (TGD) population in Mexico faces significant health challenges, such as limited access to healthcare and a prevalence of adverse conditions....
The Gender-Diverse (TGD) population in Mexico faces significant health challenges, such as limited access to healthcare and a prevalence of adverse conditions. Cardiology is crucial for this population due to a high prevalence of risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. Despite a lack of precise data, it is estimated that 0.5-1.5% of the population identifies as TGD. They encounter sociocultural challenges, including discrimination and stigma, contributing to health issues and a lack of treatment access. Cardiovascular risk factors, hormone self-administration, and barriers to healthcare access are prominent concerns. Opportunities for improvement involve strengthening medical education, implementing inclusive policies, and promoting research and data collection. The development of specific clinical guidelines and inclusive health programs is suggested. The theory of minority stress emphasizes addressing chronic psychosocial stressors and recognizing the influence of stress factors on health. Integrating healthcare services for all populations in cardiology and fostering resilience are key strategies. In summary, a comprehensive approach is needed to reduce disparities in cardiac care and enhance the health of all populations in Mexico.
Topics: Humans; Transgender Persons; Hostility; Health Services Accessibility; Social Stigma; Cardiology
PubMed: 37992699
DOI: 10.24875/ACM.M23000087 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Aug 1997
Topics: Aggression; Coronary Disease; Hostility; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Type A Personality
PubMed: 9277594
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.315.7105.379 -
Journal of the American College of... May 2021Discrimination and emotional and sexual harassment create a hostile work environment (HWE). The global prevalence of HWE in cardiology is unknown, as is its impact.
BACKGROUND
Discrimination and emotional and sexual harassment create a hostile work environment (HWE). The global prevalence of HWE in cardiology is unknown, as is its impact.
OBJECTIVES
This study sought to evaluate emotional harassment, discrimination, and sexual harassment experienced by cardiologists and its impact on professional satisfaction and patient interactions worldwide.
METHODS
The American College of Cardiology surveyed cardiologists from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, the European Union, the Middle East, Oceana, and North, Central, and South America. Demographics, practice information, and HWE were tabulated and compared, and their impact was assessed. The p values were calculated using the chi-square, Fisher exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis determined the association of characteristics with HWE and its subtypes.
RESULTS
Of 5,931 cardiologists (77% men; 23% women), 44% reported HWE. Higher rates were found among women (68% vs. 37%; odds ratio [OR]: 3.58 vs. men), Blacks (53% vs. 43%; OR: 1.46 vs. Whites), and North Americans (54% vs. 38%; OR: 1.90 vs. South Americans). Components of HWE included emotional harassment (29%; n = 1,743), discrimination (30%; n = 1,750), and sexual harassment (4%; n = 221), and they were more prevalent among women: emotional harassment (43% vs. 26%), discrimination (56% vs. 22%), and sexual harassment (12% vs. 1%). Gender was the most frequent cause of discrimination (44%), followed by age (37%), race (24%), religion (15%), and sexual orientation (5%). HWE adversely affected professional activities with colleagues (75%) and patients (53%). Multivariate analysis showed that women (OR: 3.39; 95% confidence interval: 2.97 to 3.86; p < 0.001) and cardiologists early in their career (OR: 1.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.14 to 1.43; p < 0.001) had the highest odds of experiencing HWE.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a high global prevalence of HWE in cardiology, including discrimination, emotional harassment, and sexual harassment. HWE has an adverse effect on professional and patient interactions, thus confirming concerns about well-being and optimizing patient care. Institutions and practices should prioritize combating HWE.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asia; Cardiology; Female; Hostility; Humans; Job Satisfaction; Male; Middle Aged; Middle East; Physicians, Women; Prevalence; Sexual Harassment; South America; Surveys and Questionnaires; Workplace
PubMed: 33985685
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.03.301 -
BMC Psychology Apr 2022The idea that attachment styles can affect the level of anger in an individual educes a reason why people develop anger issues and behavioral problems in adolescence...
BACKGROUND
The idea that attachment styles can affect the level of anger in an individual educes a reason why people develop anger issues and behavioral problems in adolescence that escalate into adulthood. Lebanon suffers from a shortage of data pertaining to insecure attachment styles and the affective and cognitive aspects of anger and behavioral anger expression among the Lebanese youth population. This study aimed to investigate the association between attachment dimensions and anger expression (trait anger, hostility, physical aggression, and verbal aggression) among a sample of Lebanese adolescent participants.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was performed between January and May 2019 among 1810 Lebanese high-school students aged 12-18 and used two validated measures, the Adolescent-Relationship Questionnaire (A-RQ) and The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). The A-RQ assessed attachment behaviors, while the BPAQ evaluated aggression.
RESULTS
Higher fearful and dismissing attachment styles, and higher physical activity index were significantly associated with higher physical and verbal aggression. A higher fearful attachment style was significantly associated with more anger. A higher secure attachment style was significantly associated with less anger. Higher preoccupied and dismissing attachment styles were significantly associated with higher hostility.
CONCLUSION
Our findings revealed a significant relationship between both insecure attachment dimensions and the tripartite model of anger expression. This study adds to the anger literature by providing a more informed understanding of how variations in anger expression are linked to the processing of interpersonal interactions, which are the hidden facets of attachment systems.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aggression; Anger; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hostility; Humans; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35449029
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00813-9 -
International Journal of Behavioral... Aug 2020Evidence links trait hostility with components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors, but which hostility dimensions (e.g.,...
OBJECTIVE
Evidence links trait hostility with components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors, but which hostility dimensions (e.g., expressive or cognitive hostility) relate to MetS are not well known. Further, there may be age and sex differences in the extent to which hostility dimensions relate to MetS. The present study evaluated associations between dimensions of hostility and the metabolic syndrome and its individual components as well as the moderating effects of sex and age.
METHODS
In a cross-sectional sample of 478 employed adults, a principal component analysis from common trait hostility questionnaires yielded a two-factor solution: expressive hostility (anger and aggression) and cognitive hostility (cynicism). Each of these two components of hostility was examined as predictors of each of two aggregated MetS outcomes: a dichotomous measure of MetS, based upon the NCEP-ATP III definition, and a continuous measure based upon the average of standardized scores for each component; and they were examined as predictors of individual MetS components as well.
RESULTS
Expressive hostility was associated with MetS severity (b = 0.110, p = 0.04) and waist circumference (b = 2.75, p = 0.01). Moderation analyses revealed that elevated expressive hostility was associated with elevated waist circumference in women but not men. Cognitive hostility was not related to any metabolic syndrome component or aggregated outcome, and no moderation was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Among multiple individual components and two aggregated scores, only trait dispositions to expressed hostile affect and behavior were associated with MetS severity and waist circumference. The effects were small but statistically significant. The association between cognitive hostility and metabolic syndrome measures may not be robust in a large sample of healthy, midlife adults.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Aggression; Anger; Cluster Analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hostility; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 32030598
DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09855-y