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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021This study proposes a review on hyaluronic acid (HA) known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate and its derivates and their application in cosmetic formulations. HA is a... (Review)
Review
This study proposes a review on hyaluronic acid (HA) known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate and its derivates and their application in cosmetic formulations. HA is a glycosaminoglycan constituted from two disaccharides (N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid), isolated initially from the vitreous humour of the eye, and subsequently discovered in different tissues or fluids (especially in the articular cartilage and the synovial fluid). It is ubiquitous in vertebrates, including humans, and it is involved in diverse biological processes, such as cell differentiation, embryological development, inflammation, wound healing, etc. HA has many qualities that recommend it over other substances used in skin regeneration, with moisturizing and anti-ageing effects. HA molecular weight influences its penetration into the skin and its biological activity. Considering that, nowadays, hyaluronic acid has a wide use and a multitude of applications (in ophthalmology, arthrology, pneumology, rhinology, aesthetic medicine, oncology, nutrition, and cosmetics), the present study describes the main aspects related to its use in cosmetology. The biological effect of HA on the skin level and its potential adverse effects are discussed. Some available cosmetic products containing HA have been identified from the brand portfolio of most known manufacturers and their composition was evaluated. Further, additional biological effects due to the other active ingredients (plant extracts, vitamins, amino acids, peptides, proteins, saccharides, probiotics, etc.) are presented, as well as a description of their possible toxic effects.
Topics: Animals; Cosmeceuticals; Cosmetics; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Skin Aging; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34361586
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154429 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical... 2015We developed an experimental model of ethanol-induced dermatotoxicity and hepatocytoxicity using normal human keratinocytes and normal human hepatocytes that preserve... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
We developed an experimental model of ethanol-induced dermatotoxicity and hepatocytoxicity using normal human keratinocytes and normal human hepatocytes that preserve inducible cytochrome p450 activities. The original work was described in several articles. The objective of this study was to determine whether hyaluronic acid attenuates skin necrosis, and to further clarify its uses in wound repair in humans, animal models and in vitro studies.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of the literature using the terms "hyaluronic acid" and "wound healing". PubMed was searched for studies published during the period 2010-2014.
RESULTS
Hyaluronic acid is used in tissue regeneration alone or in combination with herbal or Western medicine. Scaffolds made up of hyaluronic acid were used to embed basic fibroblast growth factor.
CONCLUSION
Hyaluronic acid extracts are safe and efficacious products to be used in skin repair.
Topics: Animals; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Hepatocytes; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Keratinocytes; Skin; Wound Healing
PubMed: 25877441
DOI: 10.18433/j3k89d -
Cells Jul 2020The discovery of several unexpected complex biological roles of hyaluronic acid (HA) has promoted new research impetus for biologists and, the clinical interest in... (Review)
Review
The discovery of several unexpected complex biological roles of hyaluronic acid (HA) has promoted new research impetus for biologists and, the clinical interest in several fields of medicine, such as ophthalmology, articular pathologies, cutaneous repair, skin remodeling, vascular prosthesis, adipose tissue engineering, nerve reconstruction and cancer therapy. In addition, the great potential of HA in medicine has stimulated the interest of pharmaceutical companies which, by means of new technologies can produce HA and several new derivatives in order to increase both the residence time in a variety of human tissues and the anti-inflammatory properties. Minor chemical modifications of the molecule, such as the esterification with benzyl alcohol (Hyaff-11 biomaterials), have made possible the production of water-insoluble polymers that have been manufactured in various forms: membranes, gauzes, nonwoven meshes, gels, tubes. All these biomaterials are used as wound-covering, anti-adhesive devices and as scaffolds for tissue engineering, such as epidermis, dermis, micro-vascularized skin, cartilage and bone. In this review, the essential biological functions of HA and the applications of its derivatives for pharmaceutical and tissue regeneration purposes are reviewed.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Neoplasms; Receptors, Cell Surface; Skin; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 32708202
DOI: 10.3390/cells9071743 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers have become the most popular material for facial volume augmentation and wrinkle correction. Several filler brands are currently on the... (Review)
Review
Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers have become the most popular material for facial volume augmentation and wrinkle correction. Several filler brands are currently on the market all around the world and their features are extremely variable; for this reason, most users are unaware of their differences. The study of filler rheology has become a wellspring of knowledge, differentiating HA fillers, although these properties are not described thoroughly by the manufacturers. The authors of this review describe the more useful rheological properties that can help clinicians understand filler characteristics and the likely correlation of these features with clinical outcomes.
Topics: Cosmetic Techniques; Dermal Fillers; Excipients; Hyaluronic Acid; Rheology; Skin Aging
PubMed: 36142430
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810518 -
Biomolecules Oct 2021Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polymer, produced endogenously by the human body, which has unique physicochemical and biological properties, exhibiting desirable... (Review)
Review
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polymer, produced endogenously by the human body, which has unique physicochemical and biological properties, exhibiting desirable biocompatibility and biodegradability. Therefore, it has been widely studied for possible applications in the area of inflammatory diseases. Although exogenous HA has been described as unable to restore or replace the properties and activities of endogenous HA, it can still provide satisfactory pain relief. This review aims to discuss the advances that have been achieved in the treatment of inflammatory diseases using hyaluronic acid as a key ingredient, essentially focusing on studies carried out between the years 2017 and 2021.
Topics: Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Inflammation
PubMed: 34680150
DOI: 10.3390/biom11101518 -
Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS Apr 2022Injections with hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers for facial rejuvenation and soft-tissue augmentation are among the most popular aesthetic procedures worldwide. Many HA... (Review)
Review
Injections with hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers for facial rejuvenation and soft-tissue augmentation are among the most popular aesthetic procedures worldwide. Many HA fillers are available with unique manufacturing processes and distinct in vitro physicochemical and rheologic properties, which result in important differences in the fillers' clinical performance. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the properties most widely used to characterize HA fillers and to report their rheologic and physicochemical values obtained using standardized methodology to allow scientifically based comparisons. Understanding rheologic and physicochemical properties will guide clinicians in aligning HA characteristics to the facial area being treated for optimal clinical performance.
Topics: Cosmetic Techniques; Dermal Fillers; Esthetics, Dental; Face; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Rejuvenation; Rheology; Skin Aging
PubMed: 35114708
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741560 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Sep 2020This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection compared with hyaluronic acid (HA) injection for patients undergoing knee... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection compared with hyaluronic acid (HA) injection for patients undergoing knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS
We systematically searched electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library on January 23, 2020 to identify relevant studies issued in English languages. The outcomes evaluating the efficacy of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) treatment were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores (WOMAC pain, function, stiffness, and total scores) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months; International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, Lequesne Index score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, EQ-VAS scores, and KOOS scores. The pooled data were analyzed by Stata 12.0.
RESULTS
A total of 20 RCTs were enrolled in the present meta-analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection reduced pain more effectively than hyaluronic acid (HA) injection at 6-month and 12-month follow-up evaluated by WOMAC pain scores and VAS scores. EQ-VAS in the patients treated with PRP injection was lower than that in patients with HA injection at 12 months. Moreover, the patients with PRP injection had a better function recovery than those with HA injection at 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up, as evaluated by WOMAC function scores. WOMAC total scores showed significant difference at 6-month and 12-month follow-up. The IKDC scores indicated PRP injection was significantly more effective than HA injection at 3 months and 6 months. However, the Lequesne Index scores, KOOS scores, and adverse events did not show any significant difference between groups.
CONCLUSION
Intra-articular PRP injection appeared to be more efficacious than HA injection for the treatment of KOA in terms of short-term functional recovery. Moreover, PRP injection was superior to HA injection in terms of long-term pain relief and function improvement. In addition, PRP injection did not increase the risk of adverse events compared to HA injection.
Topics: Aged; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Injections, Intra-Articular; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Pain Measurement; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Recovery of Function; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32912243
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01919-9 -
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach,... Mar 2011Hyaluronic acid (HA), an immunoneutral polysaccharide that is ubiquitous in the human body, is crucial for many cellular and tissue functions and has been in clinical... (Review)
Review
Hyaluronic acid (HA), an immunoneutral polysaccharide that is ubiquitous in the human body, is crucial for many cellular and tissue functions and has been in clinical use for over thirty years. When chemically modified, HA can be transformed into many physical forms-viscoelastic solutions, soft or stiff hydrogels, electrospun fibers, non-woven meshes, macroporous and fibrillar sponges, flexible sheets, and nanoparticulate fluids-for use in a range of preclinical and clinical settings. Many of these forms are derived from the chemical crosslinking of pendant reactive groups by addition/condensation chemistry or by radical polymerization. Clinical products for cell therapy and regenerative medicine require crosslinking chemistry that is compatible with the encapsulation of cells and injection into tissues. Moreover, an injectable clinical biomaterial must meet marketing, regulatory, and financial constraints to provide affordable products that can be approved, deployed to the clinic, and used by physicians. Many HA-derived hydrogels meet these criteria, and can deliver cells and therapeutic agents for tissue repair and regeneration. This progress report covers both basic concepts and recent advances in the development of HA-based hydrogels for biomedical applications.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Research; Cell Line, Tumor; Electrochemistry; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Hydrogels; Photochemical Processes; Polymerization
PubMed: 21394792
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003963 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Jun 2016Although the safety profile of hyaluronic acid fillers is favorable, adverse reactions can occur. Clinicians and patients can benefit from ongoing guidance on adverse... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Although the safety profile of hyaluronic acid fillers is favorable, adverse reactions can occur. Clinicians and patients can benefit from ongoing guidance on adverse reactions to hyaluronic acid fillers and their management.
METHODS
A multinational, multidisciplinary group of experts in cosmetic medicine convened the Global Aesthetics Consensus Group to review the properties and clinical uses of Hylacross and Vycross hyaluronic acid products and develop updated consensus recommendations for early and late complications associated with hyaluronic acid fillers.
RESULTS
The consensus panel provided specific recommendations focusing on early and late complications of hyaluronic acid fillers and their management. The impact of patient-, product-, and technique-related factors on such reactions was described. Most of these were noted to be mild and transient. Serious adverse events are rare. Early adverse reactions to hyaluronic acid fillers include vascular infarction and compromise; inflammatory reactions; injection-related events; and inappropriate placement of filler material. Among late reactions are nodules, granulomas, and skin discoloration. Most adverse events can be avoided with proper planning and technique. Detailed understanding of facial anatomy, proper patient and product selection, and appropriate technique can further reduce the risks. Should adverse reactions occur, the clinician must be prepared and have tools available for effective treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Adverse reactions with hyaluronic acid fillers are uncommon. Clinicians should take steps to further reduce the risk and be prepared to treat any complications that arise.
Topics: Algorithms; Attitude of Health Personnel; Clinical Competence; Consensus; Esthetics; Evidence-Based Medicine; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Postoperative Complications; Risk Factors; Surgery, Plastic
PubMed: 27219265
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000002184 -
Biomolecules Nov 2020As a major polysaccharide component of the extracellular matrix, hyaluronan plays essential roles in the organization of tissue architecture and the regulation of... (Review)
Review
As a major polysaccharide component of the extracellular matrix, hyaluronan plays essential roles in the organization of tissue architecture and the regulation of cellular functions, such as cell proliferation and migration, through interactions with cell-surface receptors and binding molecules. Metabolic pathways for biosynthesis and degradation tightly control the turnover rate, concentration, and molecular size of hyaluronan in tissues. Despite the relatively simple chemical composition of this polysaccharide, its wide range of molecular weights mediate diverse functions that depend on molecular size and tissue concentration. Genetic engineering and pharmacological approaches have demonstrated close associations between hyaluronan metabolism and functions in many physiological and pathological events, including morphogenesis, wound healing, and inflammation. Moreover, emerging evidence has suggested that the accumulation of hyaluronan extracellular matrix and fragments due to the altered expression of hyaluronan synthases and hyaluronidases potentiates cancer development and progression by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. In addition to the well-known functions exerted by extracellular hyaluronan, recent metabolomic approaches have also revealed that its synthesis can regulate cellular functions via the reprogramming of cellular metabolism. This review highlights the current advances in knowledge on the biosynthesis and catabolism of hyaluronan and describes the diverse functions associated with hyaluronan metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid
PubMed: 33171800
DOI: 10.3390/biom10111525